<s>
DUALLy	B-Language
is	O
an	O
MDE	B-Language
framework	O
to	O
create	O
interoperability	O
among	O
Architecture	B-Architecture
Description	I-Architecture
Languages	I-Architecture
(	O
ADLs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DUALLy	B-Language
enables	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
conforming	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
language	I-Architecture
into	O
corresponding	O
models	O
conforming	O
to	O
other	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
this	O
perspective	O
,	O
DUALLy	B-Language
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
approach	O
in	O
which	O
special	O
kinds	O
of	O
correspondence	O
rules	O
can	O
keep	O
in	O
a	O
consistent	O
state	O
architecture	O
models	O
belonging	O
to	O
different	O
views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
special	O
correspondence	O
rules	O
are	O
defined	O
between	O
ADLs	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
additional	O
feature	O
of	O
being	O
proactive	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
when	O
an	O
inconsistency	O
is	O
detected	O
between	O
different	O
architectural	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
DUALly	B-Language
interoperability	O
engine	O
actively	O
transforms	O
the	O
models	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
restore	O
consistency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
changes	O
occurring	O
in	O
an	O
architecture	O
model	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
impact	O
on	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
related	O
architecture	O
models	O
(	O
each	O
of	O
them	O
possibly	O
conforming	O
to	O
different	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
dealing	O
with	O
multiple	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
,	O
propagating	O
changes	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
complex	O
task	O
;	O
such	O
a	O
task	O
is	O
inevitable	O
and	O
requires	O
to	O
be	O
managed	O
by	O
a	O
dedicated	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DUALLy	B-Language
,	O
the	O
interoperability	O
among	O
various	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
is	O
ensured	O
via	O
model	B-Language
transformation	I-Language
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
A0	B-Language
acts	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
among	O
the	O
different	O
architectural	O
languages	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
star	O
architecture	O
of	O
DUALLy	B-Language
enables	O
an	O
agile	O
and	O
easy	O
integration	O
of	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DUALLy	B-Language
transformation	O
system	O
is	O
made	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
model-to-model	B-Language
transformations	I-Language
that	O
enable	O
information	B-General_Concept
migration	I-General_Concept
among	O
architecture	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
model-to-model	B-Language
transformations	I-Language
are	O
constructed	O
automatically	O
by	O
executing	O
higher-order	O
transformations	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
transformations	O
taking	O
other	O
transformations	O
as	O
input	O
or	O
producing	O
other	O
transformations	O
as	O
output	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
DUALLy	B-Language
transforms	O
a	O
model	O
into	O
any	O
other	O
by	O
passing	O
first	O
through	O
an	O
A0	B-Language
model	O
,	O
model	O
changes	O
are	O
propagated	O
accordingly	O
first	O
to	O
the	O
A0	B-Language
model	O
and	O
successively	O
forwarded	O
to	O
any	O
other	O
architectural	O
model	O
(	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
obtained	O
result	O
is	O
independent	O
from	O
the	O
order	O
followed	O
in	O
the	O
forwarding	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
concurrent	O
modifications	O
to	O
different	O
models	O
cannot	O
apply	O
,	O
the	O
DUALLY	B-Language
architecture	O
ensures	O
the	O
convergence	O
of	O
the	O
change	O
propagation	O
process	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
ensures	O
by	O
construction	O
that	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
within	O
the	O
network	O
is	O
propagated	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
models	O
in	O
a	O
finite	O
number	O
of	O
steps	O
.	O
</s>
