<s>
Distributed	B-Operating_System
Resource	I-Operating_System
Management	I-Operating_System
Application	I-Operating_System
API	I-Operating_System
(	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
high-level	O
Open	O
Grid	O
Forum	O
(	O
OGF	O
)	O
API	B-Application
specification	O
for	O
the	O
submission	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
jobs	O
to	O
a	O
distributed	B-General_Concept
resource	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
(	O
DRM	O
)	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
cluster	B-Architecture
or	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
infrastructure	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
API	B-Application
covers	O
all	O
the	O
high	O
level	O
functionality	O
required	O
for	O
applications	O
to	O
submit	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
monitor	O
jobs	O
on	O
execution	O
resources	O
in	O
the	O
DRM	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
(	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
was	O
GridRPC	B-Operating_System
)	O
specifications	O
that	O
reached	O
the	O
full	O
recommendation	O
status	O
in	O
the	O
OGF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
the	O
second	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
standard	O
(	O
DRMAA2	O
)	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
an	O
abstract	O
interface	B-General_Concept
definition	I-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
(	O
IDL	O
)	O
defining	O
the	O
semantic	O
of	O
the	O
functions	O
in	O
GFD	O
194	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRMAA2	O
specifies	O
more	O
than	O
twice	O
as	O
many	O
calls	O
as	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
covers	O
cluster	B-Architecture
monitoring	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
notion	O
of	O
queues	O
and	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
introduces	O
a	O
multi	O
job-session	O
concept	O
for	O
single	O
applications	O
for	O
a	O
better	O
job	O
workflow	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
in	O
2012	O
the	O
C	O
API	B-Application
was	O
specified	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
language	O
binding	O
in	O
GF	O
198	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
this	O
API	B-Application
was	O
done	O
through	O
the	O
Global	O
Grid	O
Forum	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
of	O
IETF	O
standard	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
originally	O
co-authored	O
by	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
was	O
first	O
proposed	O
at	O
Global	O
Grid	O
Forum	O
3	O
(	O
GGF3	O
)	O
in	O
Frascati	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
but	O
gained	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
momentum	O
at	O
Global	O
Grid	O
Forum	O
4	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
specification	O
was	O
first	O
proposed	O
with	O
the	O
objective	O
to	O
facilitate	O
direct	O
interfacing	O
of	O
applications	O
to	O
existing	O
DRM	O
systems	O
by	O
application	O
's	O
builders	O
,	O
portal	O
builders	O
,	O
and	O
Independent	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Vendors	I-Application
(	O
ISVs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
API	B-Application
was	O
co-authored	O
by	O
participants	O
from	O
a	O
wide-selection	O
of	O
companies	O
and	O
included	O
participants	O
from	O
industries	O
and	O
education	O
,	O
its	O
development	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
that	O
received	O
a	O
relatively	O
good	O
reception	O
from	O
a	O
wide	O
audience	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
,	O
no	O
standard	O
model	O
existed	O
to	O
submit	O
jobs	O
to	O
component	O
regions	O
of	O
a	O
Grid	O
,	O
assuming	O
each	O
region	O
was	O
running	O
local	O
DRMSs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
DRMAA	B-Operating_System
API	B-Application
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
Sun	O
's	O
Grid	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
and	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Madison	O
's	O
program	O
Condor	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
