<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
algorithmic	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
and	O
modeling	B-Language
language	I-Language
developed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
defunct	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
Buran	O
space	O
program	O
in	O
1986	O
following	O
the	O
need	O
in	O
increase	O
of	O
software	O
development	O
productivity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
visual	B-Language
language	O
provides	O
a	O
uniform	O
way	O
to	O
represent	O
processes	O
in	O
flowcharts	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
specification	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
draw	O
and	O
export	O
actual	O
flowcharts	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
examples	O
include	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
DRAKON	B-Language
Editor	I-Language
(	O
September	O
2011	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
DRAKON	B-Language
started	O
in	O
1986	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
emerging	O
risk	O
of	O
misunderstandings	O
-	O
and	O
subsequent	O
errors	O
-	O
between	O
users	O
of	O
different	O
programming	O
languages	O
in	O
the	O
Russian	O
space	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
formalization	O
,	O
ergonomization	O
and	O
nonclassical	O
structurization	O
of	O
flowcharts	B-Language
described	O
in	O
the	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
5807-85	O
standard	O
and	O
Russian	O
standard	O
«Гост	O
19.701-90	O
»	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
work	O
was	O
finished	O
in	O
1996	O
(	O
3	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
Buran	O
project	O
was	O
officially	O
closed	O
)	O
,	O
when	O
an	O
automated	O
CASE	B-Application
programming	O
system	O
called	O
"	O
Grafit-Floks	O
"	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
CASE	B-Application
is	O
used	O
since	O
1996	O
in	O
:	O
an	O
international	O
project	O
Sea	O
Launch	O
,	O
Russian	O
orbit	O
insertion	O
upper	O
stage	O
Fregat	O
(	O
Russian	O
:	O
Фрегат	O
,	O
frigate	O
)	O
for	O
onboard	O
control	O
systems	O
and	O
tests	O
,	O
upgraded	O
heavy	O
launch	O
vehicle	O
(	O
carrier	O
rocket	O
)	O
Proton-M	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
DRAKON	B-Language
is	O
the	O
Russian	O
acronym	O
for	O
"	O
Дружелюбный	O
Русский	O
Алгоритмический	O
[язык],	O
Который	O
Обеспечивает	O
Наглядность	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
translates	O
to	O
"	O
Friendly	O
Russian	O
Algorithmic	O
 [ language ] 	O
that	O
illustrates	O
(	O
or	O
provides	O
clarity	O
)	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
UML	B-Language
's	O
philosophy	O
,	O
DRAKON	B-Language
's	O
language	O
philosophy	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
being	O
augmented	O
if	O
needed	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
hybrid	O
language	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
illustrated	O
as	O
"	O
incrustating	O
code	O
snippets	O
from	O
text	O
language	O
used	O
into	O
shape	O
DRAKON	B-Language
requires	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
way	O
,	O
DRAKON	B-Language
always	O
remains	O
a	O
simple	O
visual	B-Language
language	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
augmentation	O
for	O
a	O
programmer	O
who	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
making	O
their	O
own	O
project	O
code	O
easier	O
to	O
support	O
or	O
other	O
long-term	O
needs	O
for	O
example	O
improving	O
the	O
ergonomics	O
of	O
the	O
coding	O
process	O
or	O
to	O
making	O
code	O
easier	O
to	O
review	O
and	O
understand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
both	O
as	O
a	O
modelling/	O
"	O
markup	O
"	O
language	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
standalone	O
"	O
pure	O
DRAKON	B-Language
"	O
program	O
)	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
(	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
hybrid	O
language	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
of	O
a	O
stricter	O
,	O
"	O
academic	O
"	O
,	O
variant	O
of	O
a	O
markup	O
language	O
into	O
programming	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
provided	O
by	O
DRAKON	B-Language
,	O
adds	O
syntactic	O
sugar	O
allowing	O
users	O
of	O
different	O
programming	O
languages	O
to	O
comprehend	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
overall	O
project	O
and	O
even	O
provide	O
commentary	O
if	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
(	O
;	O
meaning	O
"	O
dragon	O
"	O
in	O
English	O
)	O
is	O
designed	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
allowing	O
for	O
easy	O
understanding	O
and	O
legibility	O
,	O
as	O
usage	O
of	O
multiple	O
languages	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
project	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
confusion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
hybrid	O
languages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
DRAKON-C	O
,	O
DRAKON-ASM	O
,	O
DRAKON-Java	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
languages	O
of	O
the	O
DRAKON-family	O
share	O
a	O
uniform	O
,	O
graphical	O
syntax	O
based	O
on	O
flowcharts	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
graphical	O
syntax	O
provides	O
similarity	O
of	O
drakon-charts	B-Language
for	O
different	O
hybrid	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphical	O
elements	O
(	O
"	O
letters	O
"	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
alphabet	O
are	O
called	O
icons	O
(	O
not	O
symbols	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
also	O
has	O
macroicons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macroicons	O
are	O
the	O
graphical	O
words	O
of	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
;	O
they	O
consist	O
of	O
icons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
27	O
icons	O
and	O
21	O
macroicons	O
in	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drakon-charts	B-Language
are	O
constructed	O
out	O
of	O
icons	O
and	O
macroicons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Into	O
these	O
points	O
,	O
icons	O
or	O
microicons	O
can	O
be	O
successively	O
entered	O
and	O
arranged	O
by	O
the	O
drakon-editor	O
into	O
columns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
was	O
created	O
as	O
an	O
easy	O
to	O
learn	O
visual	B-Language
language	O
to	O
aid	O
the	O
comprehension	O
of	O
computer	O
programs	O
written	O
in	O
different	O
programming	O
languages	O
for	O
illustrative	O
,	O
planning	O
and	O
strategy	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
uses	O
drakon-chart	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
formalization	O
of	O
traditional	O
flowcharts	B-Language
to	O
depict	O
the	O
overall	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
snippets	O
of	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
are	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
icons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combination	O
of	O
visual	B-Language
elements	O
with	O
code	O
helps	O
with	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
readable	O
flowcharts	B-Language
alongside	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
in	O
question	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
rules	O
for	O
creating	O
diagrams	O
are	O
cognitively	O
optimized	O
for	O
easy	O
comprehension	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
intelligence	O
augmentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drakon-charts	B-Language
of	O
big	O
multi-purpose	O
programs	O
can	O
be	O
complex	O
and	O
hard	O
to	O
comprehend	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
set	O
of	O
smaller	O
programs	O
,	O
that	O
together	O
serve	O
the	O
same	O
purpose	O
,	O
are	O
often	O
easier	O
to	O
understand	O
when	O
depicted	O
as	O
drakon-charts	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
full-text	O
article	O
containing	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
visual	B-Language
syntax	O
of	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
in	O
English	O
,	O
12	O
pages	O
,	O
free	O
to	O
download	O
,	O
pdf	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
examples	O
are	O
real	O
code	O
from	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Tetris	B-Device
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
examples	O
are	O
in	O
DRAKON-JavaScript	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
icons	O
(	O
visual	B-Language
primitives	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
define	O
the	O
overall	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
advanceStep	O
is	O
a	O
state	O
machine	O
represented	O
as	O
a	O
decision	B-Algorithm
tree	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
DRAKON	B-Language
,	O
the	O
reader	O
of	O
the	O
algorithm	O
can	O
visually	O
trace	O
all	O
possible	O
paths	O
in	O
the	O
decision	B-Algorithm
tree	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	O
code	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
DRAKON-chart	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	O
code	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
DRAKON-chart	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
case	B-Application
the	O
row	O
is	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
grid	O
,	O
the	O
score	O
is	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
tempo	O
goes	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	O
code	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
DRAKON-chart	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
picture	O
below	O
illustrated	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
the	O
silhouette	O
DRAKON	B-Language
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
Aerospace	O
Center	O
for	O
implementation	O
of	O
some	O
critical	O
functions	O
dictated	O
by	O
the	O
safety	O
regulations	O
of	O
the	O
flight	O
tests	O
,	O
where	O
automation	O
is	O
important	O
because	O
of	O
maximum	O
distance	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
station	O
and	O
the	O
process	O
needs	O
quick	O
automatic	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DRAKON	B-Language
Editor	I-Language
software	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
graphically	O
program	B-Language
flowcharts	I-Language
which	O
were	O
specially	O
checked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-code	O
was	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
drakon-charts	B-Language
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
for	O
DRAKON	B-Language
representation	O
of	O
launch	O
detection	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
language	O
to	O
model	O
and	O
visualize	O
business	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
The	O
DRAKON	B-Language
language	O
was	O
applied	O
as	O
the	O
basic	O
language	O
for	O
constructing	O
models	O
of	O
business	O
processes	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
prototype	O
of	O
a	O
finite-state	O
machine	O
when	O
building	O
models	O
of	O
business	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
DRAKON	B-Language
is	O
primarily	O
designed	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
comprehending	O
computer	O
programs	O
,	O
drakon-charts	B-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
illustrate	O
processes	O
in	O
fields	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
editor	I-Language
pictures	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
icons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ability	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
fields	O
to	O
easily	O
create	O
"	O
flowchart	B-Language
like	O
"	O
infographics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Russia	O
the	O
DRAKON	B-Language
editor	I-Language
is	O
known	O
for	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
field	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
making	O
'	O
instructional	O
 '	O
charts	O
for	O
patients	O
or	O
medical	O
personnel	O
.	O
</s>
