<s>
DPubS	B-Protocol
(	O
Digital	O
Publishing	O
System	O
)	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Cornell	O
University	O
Library	O
and	O
Penn	O
State	O
University	O
Libraries	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
open	O
access	O
publication	O
management	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPubS	B-Protocol
arose	O
out	O
of	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
,	O
an	O
electronic	O
publishing	O
platform	O
for	O
journals	O
in	O
mathematics	O
and	O
statistics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPubS	B-Protocol
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
released	O
under	O
Educational	B-License
Community	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
such	O
project	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Cornell	O
University	O
Library	O
and	O
influenced	O
by	O
Project	O
Muse	O
,	O
is	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
,	O
an	O
electronic	O
gathering	O
of	O
mathematics	O
and	O
statistics	O
journals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
NCSTRL	O
,	O
“	O
a	O
distributed	O
network	O
of	O
Computer	O
Science	O
technical	O
reports	O
”	O
in	O
Cornell	O
's	O
Computer	O
Science	O
department	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
pricing	O
options	O
are	O
available	O
:	O
Euclid	B-Language
Prime	O
(	O
EP	O
)	O
,	O
Euclid	B-Language
Select	O
(	O
ES	O
)	O
,	O
Euclid	B-Language
Direct	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Open	O
Access	O
(	O
OA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
two	O
grants	O
from	O
The	O
Andrew	O
W	O
.	O
Mellon	O
Foundation	O
,	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
,	O
named	O
after	O
ancient	O
mathematician	O
Euclid	B-Language
of	I-Language
Alexandria	I-Language
,	O
launched	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
did	O
their	O
experience	O
developing	O
the	O
digital	O
imaging	O
project	O
,	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
afforded	O
Cornell	O
University	O
Library	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
learn	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Euclid	B-Language
has	O
been	O
successful	O
thus	O
far	O
–	O
reported	O
as	O
“	O
healthy	O
and	O
growing	O
”	O
in	O
early	O
2006	O
–	O
Cornell	O
's	O
heavy	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
the	O
ever-changing	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
academic	O
journal	O
field	O
where	O
“	O
sustainability	O
is	O
a	O
moving	O
target	O
”	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
exploration	O
of	O
other	O
publishing	O
avenues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
initiative	O
with	O
relevance	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
,	O
arXiv	O
,	O
came	O
to	O
Cornell	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
initial	O
developer	O
Paul	O
Ginsparg	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
was	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
software	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cornell	O
decided	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
eventually	O
release	O
this	O
software	O
,	O
renaming	O
it	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
that	O
it	O
needed	O
further	O
development	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
utilized	O
by	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
in	O
2004	O
that	O
the	O
Pennsylvania	O
State	O
University	O
Libraries	O
became	O
involved	O
–	O
expressing	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
software	O
that	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
–	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
project	O
in	O
developing	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
was	O
making	O
available	O
the	O
journal	O
Pennsylvania	O
History	O
:	O
A	O
Journal	O
of	O
Mid-Atlantic	O
Studies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
Terry	O
Ehling	O
,	O
the	O
Director	O
of	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Innovative	O
Publishing	O
at	O
Cornell	O
University	O
Library	O
addressed	O
four	O
goals	O
for	O
developing	O
the	O
software	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
into	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
two	O
years	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
also	O
with	O
thanks	O
to	O
a	O
grant	O
of	O
the	O
Andrew	O
W	O
.	O
Mellon	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
user	O
interface	O
utilizes	O
XML	O
(	O
Extensible	O
Markup	O
Language	O
)	O
and	O
XSLT	O
(	O
eXtensible	O
Style	O
Sheet	O
Language	O
Transformations	O
)	O
which	O
enable	O
a	O
high-level	O
of	O
adjustment	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
appearance	O
for	O
publications	O
supported	O
by	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
following	O
features	O
:	O
“	O
scalable	O
,	O
single	O
platform	O
for	O
electronic	O
publishing	O
,	O
”	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
several	O
formats	O
from	O
one	O
place	O
;	O
“	O
rich	O
presentation	O
features	O
,	O
”	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
XML	O
;	O
“	O
multiple	O
business	O
models	O
,	O
”	O
allowing	O
both	O
publications	O
that	O
are	O
open	O
access	O
and	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
fee-based	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
software	O
;	O
“	O
greater	O
exposure	O
and	O
visibility	O
of	O
publications	O
,	O
”	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
OAI-MHP	O
2.0	O
(	O
Open	O
Access	O
Initiative	O
Metadata	O
Harvesting	O
Protocol	O
)	O
to	O
allow	O
metadata	O
to	O
be	O
harvested	O
from	O
the	O
content	O
supported	O
by	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
and	O
shared	O
with	O
users	O
through	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
Google	O
Scholar	O
;	O
“	O
administrative	O
management	O
tools	O
for	O
non-technical	O
staff	O
”	O
;	O
“	O
interoperability	O
with	O
institutional	O
repositories	O
”	O
such	O
as	O
Fedora	O
and	O
DSpace	O
(	O
the	O
latter	O
forthcoming	O
as	O
of	O
April	O
2007	O
)	O
;	O
“	O
flexible	O
and	O
extensible	O
handling	O
of	O
file	O
and	O
metadata	O
formats	O
,	O
”	O
allowing	O
the	O
easy	O
use	O
of	O
PDFs	O
,	O
HTML	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
Word	O
files	O
,	O
PowerPoint	O
presentations	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
intended	O
,	O
the	O
software	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
has	O
been	O
expanded	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
encompass	O
non-journal	O
publications	O
such	O
as	O
books	O
and	O
conference	O
proceedings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
DpubS	B-Protocol
software	O
can	O
be	O
adapted	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
other	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
aspect	O
of	O
DpubS	B-Protocol
results	O
from	O
it	O
being	O
open	O
source	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
the	O
software	O
’s	O
coding	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
available	O
,	O
enabling	O
programmers	O
to	O
develop	O
additions	O
and	O
modifications	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
and	O
others	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toward	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
further	O
development	O
,	O
Cornell	O
University	O
Library	O
and	O
The	O
Pennsylvania	O
State	O
University	O
Libraries	O
has	O
partnered	O
with	O
several	O
institutions	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
using	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
and	O
providing	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
Pennsylvania	O
History	O
mentioned	O
above	O
,	O
other	O
journals	O
being	O
supported	O
by	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
include	O
:	O
Medieval	O
Philosophy	O
and	O
Theology	O
,	O
“	O
a	O
semi-annual	O
,	O
peer-reviewed	O
journal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPubS	B-Protocol
has	O
been	O
designed	O
with	O
the	O
opinion	O
that	O
“	O
libraries	O
should	O
get	O
involved	O
in	O
publishing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
reputations	O
of	O
scholars	O
have	O
become	O
strongly	O
linked	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
their	O
work	O
in	O
these	O
journals	O
to	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
publications	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	O
realm	O
;	O
some	O
groups	O
of	O
scholars	O
initially	O
reacted	O
to	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
in	O
a	O
“	O
skittish	O
”	O
manner	O
due	O
to	O
concerns	O
over	O
the	O
unfamiliar	O
nature	O
of	O
its	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
creators	O
of	O
DPubs	B-Protocol
believe	O
that	O
libraries	O
are	O
uniquely	O
positioned	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
alternating	O
this	O
status	O
quo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Efforts	O
such	O
as	O
Project	O
Muse	O
,	O
Project	O
Euclid	B-Language
,	O
arXiv	O
,	O
DPubS	B-Protocol
and	O
other	O
endeavors	O
represent	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
efforts	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
by	O
libraries	O
and	O
university	O
presses	O
to	O
combat	O
the	O
challenges	O
rising	O
journal	O
prices	O
have	O
presented	O
to	O
their	O
budgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPubS’	O
potential	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
“	O
cycle	O
of	O
knowledge	O
creation	O
and	O
dissemination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DPubS	B-Protocol
positions	O
itself	O
to	O
“	O
encourage	O
”	O
libraries	O
to	O
take	O
upon	O
a	O
new	O
role	O
with	O
new	O
responsibilities	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
alter	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
regrettable	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
accessibility	O
of	O
scholarship	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
several	O
decades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hope	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
increase	O
access	O
through	O
electronic	O
publishing	O
by	O
offering	O
for	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
that	O
could	O
easily	O
cost	O
six	O
figures	O
“	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
licensing.	O
"	O
</s>
