<s>
Digital	B-Algorithm
Imaging	I-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
Communications	I-Algorithm
in	I-Algorithm
Medicine	I-Algorithm
(	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
communication	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
information	O
and	O
related	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
storing	O
and	O
transmitting	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
enabling	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
devices	O
such	O
as	O
scanners	O
,	O
servers	O
,	O
workstations	O
,	O
printers	O
,	O
network	O
hardware	O
,	O
and	O
picture	B-Application
archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
communication	I-Application
systems	I-Application
(	O
PACS	B-Application
)	O
from	O
multiple	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
can	O
be	O
exchanged	O
between	O
two	O
entities	O
that	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
receiving	O
image	O
and	O
patient	O
data	O
in	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
different	O
devices	O
come	O
with	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Conformance	O
Statements	O
which	O
state	O
which	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
classes	O
they	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
includes	O
a	O
file	O
format	O
definition	O
and	O
a	O
network	O
communications	O
protocol	O
that	O
uses	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
to	O
communicate	O
between	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
Electrical	O
Manufacturers	O
Association	O
(	O
NEMA	O
)	O
holds	O
the	O
copyright	O
to	O
the	O
published	O
standard	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Standards	O
Committee	O
,	O
whose	O
members	O
are	O
also	O
partly	O
members	O
of	O
NEMA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
NEMA	O
standard	O
PS3	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
ISO	O
standard	O
12052:2017	O
"	O
Health	O
informatics	O
–	O
Digital	O
imaging	O
and	O
communication	O
in	O
medicine	O
(	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
)	O
including	O
workflow	O
and	O
data	O
management	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
worldwide	O
to	O
store	O
,	O
exchange	O
,	O
and	O
transmit	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
radiological	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
:	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
incorporates	O
standards	O
for	O
imaging	O
modalities	O
such	O
as	O
radiography	O
,	O
ultrasonography	O
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
,	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
and	O
radiation	O
therapy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
includes	O
protocols	O
for	O
image	O
exchange	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
via	O
portable	O
media	O
such	O
as	O
DVDs	O
)	O
,	O
image	O
compression	O
,	O
3-D	O
visualization	O
,	O
image	O
presentation	O
,	O
and	O
results	O
reporting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
related	O
but	O
independent	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
standard	O
developed	O
by	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Radiology	O
(	O
ACR	O
)	O
and	O
National	O
Electrical	O
Manufacturers	O
Association	O
(	O
NEMA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
large-scale	O
deployment	O
of	O
ACR/NEMA	O
technology	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
1992	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
Army	O
and	O
Air	O
Force	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
MDIS	O
(	O
Medical	O
Diagnostic	B-Application
Imaging	I-Application
Support	O
)	O
program	O
based	O
at	O
Ft	O
.	O
Detrick	O
,	O
Maryland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loral	O
Aerospace	O
and	O
Siemens	O
Medical	O
Systems	O
led	O
a	O
consortium	O
of	O
companies	O
in	O
deploying	O
the	O
first	O
US	O
military	O
PACS	B-Application
(	O
Picture	B-Application
Archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
Communications	I-Application
System	I-Application
)	O
at	O
all	O
major	O
Army	O
and	O
Air	O
Force	O
medical	O
treatment	O
facilities	O
and	O
teleradiology	O
nodes	O
at	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
US	O
military	O
clinics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
name	O
was	O
then	O
changed	O
to	O
"	O
Digital	B-Algorithm
Imaging	I-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
Communications	I-Algorithm
in	I-Algorithm
Medicine	I-Algorithm
"	O
,	O
abbreviated	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
3.0	O
"	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
its	O
predecessors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
constantly	O
updated	O
and	O
extended	O
since	O
1993	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
that	O
changes	O
are	O
backward	O
compatible	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
rare	O
cases	O
where	O
the	O
earlier	O
specification	O
was	O
incorrect	O
or	O
ambiguous	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
no	O
"	O
minor	O
"	O
versions	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
no	O
such	O
thing	O
as	O
"	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
3.1	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
current	O
plans	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
incompatible	O
,	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
no	O
"	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
4.0	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
has	O
achieved	O
a	O
near	O
universal	O
level	O
of	O
acceptance	O
among	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
equipment	O
vendors	O
and	O
healthcare	O
IT	O
organizations	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
has	O
its	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
standard	O
directed	O
at	O
addressing	O
technical	O
interoperability	O
issues	O
in	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Integrating	O
the	O
Healthcare	O
Enterprise	O
(	O
IHE	O
)	O
initiative	O
layered	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
(	O
and	O
HL-7	O
)	O
defines	O
profiles	O
to	O
select	O
features	O
from	O
these	O
standards	O
to	O
implement	O
transactions	O
for	O
specific	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
interoperability	O
use	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
always	O
Internet	O
compatible	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
transport	O
over	O
TCP	B-Protocol
,	O
over	O
time	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
increasing	O
need	O
to	O
support	O
port	O
80	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
transport	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
easier	O
within	O
the	O
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
recently	O
,	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
RESTful	B-Protocol
web	I-Protocol
services	I-Protocol
have	O
been	O
defined	O
to	O
allow	O
mobile	O
device	O
friendly	O
access	O
to	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
objects	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
WADO-RS	O
,	O
STOW-RS	O
and	O
QIDO-RS	O
,	O
which	O
together	O
constitute	O
the	O
DICOMweb	O
initiative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
some	O
derivations	O
from	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
into	O
other	O
application	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
groups	O
information	O
into	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
file	O
of	O
a	O
chest	O
x-ray	B-Library
image	O
may	O
contain	O
the	O
patient	O
ID	O
within	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
image	O
can	O
never	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
this	O
information	O
by	O
mistake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
data	O
object	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
attributes	O
,	O
including	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
name	O
,	O
ID	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
one	O
special	O
attribute	O
containing	O
the	O
image	O
pixel	O
data	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
object	O
can	O
have	O
only	O
one	O
attribute	O
containing	O
pixel	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
three	O
-	O
or	O
four-dimensional	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
encapsulated	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixel	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
compressed	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
standards	O
,	O
including	O
JPEG	O
,	O
lossless	O
JPEG	O
,	O
JPEG	O
2000	O
,	O
and	O
run-length	B-Algorithm
encoding	I-Algorithm
(	O
RLE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LZW	B-Algorithm
(	O
zip	O
)	O
compression	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
(	O
not	O
just	O
the	O
pixel	O
data	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
has	O
rarely	O
been	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
uses	O
three	O
different	O
data	O
element	O
encoding	O
schemes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
other	O
explicit	O
data	O
elements	O
or	O
implicit	O
data	O
elements	O
,	O
see	O
section	O
7.1	O
of	O
Part	O
5	O
of	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
promote	O
identical	O
grayscale	O
image	O
display	O
on	O
different	O
monitors	O
and	O
consistent	O
hard-copy	O
images	O
from	O
various	O
printers	O
,	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
committee	O
developed	O
a	O
lookup	O
table	O
to	O
display	O
digitally	O
assigned	O
pixel	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
use	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
grayscale	O
standard	O
display	O
function	O
(	O
GSDF	O
)	O
,	O
images	O
must	O
be	O
viewed	O
(	O
or	O
printed	O
)	O
on	O
devices	O
that	O
have	O
this	O
lookup	O
curve	O
or	O
on	O
devices	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
calibrated	O
to	O
the	O
GSDF	O
curve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
services	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
involve	O
transmission	O
of	O
data	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Store	O
service	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
send	O
images	O
or	O
other	O
persistent	O
objects	O
(	O
structured	O
reports	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
a	O
picture	B-Application
archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
communication	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
PACS	B-Application
)	O
or	O
workstation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
storage	O
commitment	O
service	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
confirm	O
that	O
an	O
image	O
has	O
been	O
permanently	O
stored	O
by	O
a	O
device	O
(	O
either	O
on	O
redundant	O
disks	O
or	O
on	O
backup	O
media	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Service	O
Class	O
User	O
(	O
SCU	O
:	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
client	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
a	O
modality	O
or	O
workstation	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
confirmation	O
from	O
the	O
Service	O
Class	O
Provider	O
(	O
SCP	O
:	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
server	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
an	O
archive	O
station	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
safe	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
images	O
locally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
a	O
workstation	O
to	O
find	O
lists	O
of	O
images	O
or	O
other	O
such	O
objects	O
and	O
then	O
retrieve	O
them	O
from	O
a	O
picture	B-Application
archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
communication	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
modality	O
worklist	O
service	O
provides	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
imaging	O
procedures	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
scheduled	O
for	O
performance	O
by	O
an	O
image	O
acquisition	O
device	O
(	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
a	O
modality	O
system	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
modality	O
worklist	O
service	O
,	O
the	O
scanner	O
operator	O
was	O
required	O
to	O
manually	O
enter	O
all	O
the	O
relevant	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
known	O
as	O
MPPS	O
,	O
this	O
service	O
allows	O
a	O
modality	O
to	O
better	O
coordinate	O
with	O
image	O
storage	O
servers	O
by	O
giving	O
the	O
server	B-Operating_System
a	O
list	O
of	O
objects	O
to	O
send	O
before	O
or	O
while	O
actually	O
sending	O
such	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
print	O
service	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
send	O
images	O
to	O
a	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
printer	O
,	O
normally	O
to	O
print	O
an	O
"	O
X-Ray	B-Library
"	O
film	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
calibration	O
(	O
defined	O
in	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Part	O
14	O
)	O
to	O
help	O
ensure	O
consistency	O
between	O
various	O
display	O
devices	O
,	O
including	O
hard	O
copy	O
printout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
format	O
for	O
offline	O
media	O
files	O
is	O
specified	O
in	O
Part	O
10	O
of	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
restricts	O
the	O
filenames	O
on	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
media	O
to	O
8	O
characters	O
(	O
some	O
systems	O
wrongly	O
use	O
8.3	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
mandates	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
media	O
directory	O
,	O
the	O
DICOMDIR	O
file	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
index	O
and	O
summary	O
information	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
on	O
the	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
typically	O
have	O
a	O
.dcm	B-Algorithm
file	O
extension	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
media	O
(	O
which	O
requires	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
without	O
extension	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MIME	B-Protocol
type	O
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
RFC	O
3240	O
as	O
application/dicom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Uniform	B-Operating_System
Type	I-Operating_System
Identifier	I-Operating_System
type	O
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
is	O
org.nema.dicom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
is	O
to	O
capture	O
,	O
store	O
and	O
distribute	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
also	O
provides	O
services	O
related	O
to	O
imaging	O
such	O
as	O
managing	O
imaging	O
procedure	O
worklists	O
,	O
printing	O
images	O
on	O
film	O
or	O
digital	O
media	O
like	O
DVDs	O
,	O
reporting	O
procedure	O
status	O
like	O
completion	O
of	O
an	O
imaging	O
acquisition	O
,	O
confirming	O
successful	O
archiving	O
of	O
images	O
,	O
encrypting	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
,	O
removing	O
patient	O
identifying	O
information	O
from	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
,	O
organizing	O
layouts	O
of	O
images	O
for	O
review	O
,	O
saving	O
image	O
manipulations	O
and	O
annotations	O
,	O
calibrating	O
image	O
displays	O
,	O
encoding	O
ECGs	O
,	O
encoding	O
CAD	O
results	O
,	O
encoding	O
structured	O
measurement	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
storing	O
acquisition	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
information	O
object	O
definitions	O
encode	O
the	O
data	O
produced	O
by	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
imaging	O
device	O
types	O
,	O
including	O
,	O
CT	O
(	O
computed	O
tomography	O
)	O
,	O
MRI	B-Algorithm
(	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
)	O
,	O
ultrasound	B-Application
,	O
X-ray	B-Library
,	O
fluoroscopy	O
,	O
angiography	O
,	O
mammography	O
,	O
breast	O
tomosynthesis	O
,	O
PET	O
(	O
positron	B-Application
emission	I-Application
tomography	I-Application
)	O
,	O
SPECT	O
(	O
single-photon	O
emission	O
computed	O
tomography	O
)	O
,	O
Endoscopy	O
,	O
microscopy	O
,	O
nd	O
whole	O
slide	O
imaging	O
,	O
OCT	O
(	O
optical	O
coherence	O
tomography	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
implemented	O
by	O
devices	O
associated	O
with	O
images	O
or	O
imaging	O
workflow	O
including	O
,	O
PACS	B-Application
(	O
picture	B-Application
archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
communication	I-Application
systems	I-Application
)	O
,	O
image	O
viewers	O
and	O
display	O
stations	O
,	O
CAD	O
(	O
computer-aided	O
detection/diagnosis	O
systems	O
)	O
,	O
3D	O
visualization	O
systems	O
,	O
clinical	O
analysis	O
applications	O
,	O
image	O
printers	O
,	O
Film	O
scanners	O
,	O
media	O
burners	O
(	O
that	O
export	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
onto	O
CDs	O
,	O
DVDs	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
media	O
importers	O
(	O
that	O
import	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
files	O
from	O
CDs	O
,	O
DVDs	O
,	O
USBs	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
have	O
reserved	O
the	O
following	O
TCP	B-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
UDP	I-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
numbers	O
by	O
the	O
Internet	O
Assigned	O
Numbers	O
Authority	O
(	O
IANA	O
)	O
:	O
104	O
well-known	O
port	O
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
over	O
Transmission	B-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
User	B-Protocol
Datagram	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
UDP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2761	O
registered	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
using	O
Integrated	O
Secure	O
Communication	O
Layer	O
(	O
ISCL	O
)	O
over	O
TCP	B-Protocol
or	O
UDP	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
2762	O
registered	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
using	O
Transport	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
over	O
TCP	B-Protocol
or	O
UDP	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
11112	O
registered	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
for	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
using	O
standard	O
,	O
open	O
communication	O
over	O
TCP	B-Protocol
or	O
UDP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
recommends	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
port	B-Protocol
numbers	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
a	O
paper	O
presented	O
at	O
an	O
international	O
symposium	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
has	O
problems	O
related	O
to	O
data	O
entry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
A	O
major	O
disadvantage	O
of	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Standard	O
is	O
the	O
possibility	O
for	O
entering	O
probably	O
too	O
many	O
optional	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DVTk	B-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
Open	O
Source	O
project	O
for	O
testing	O
,	O
validating	O
and	O
diagnosing	O
communication	O
protocols	O
and	O
scenarios	O
in	O
medical	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
,	O
HL7	O
and	O
IHE	O
integration	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HL7	O
and	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
manage	O
a	O
joint	O
Working	O
Group	O
to	O
harmonize	O
areas	O
where	O
the	O
two	O
standards	O
overlap	O
and	O
address	O
imaging	O
integration	O
in	O
the	O
electronic	O
medical	O
record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
is	O
incorporated	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
imaging	O
related	O
IHE	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
data	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
SNOMED	O
to	O
encode	O
relevant	O
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
best	O
known	O
standards	O
and	O
protocols	O
used	O
by	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Makes	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
OSI	O
network	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
the	O
2	O
network	O
protocols	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
Internet	O
is	O
based	O
and	O
which	O
allow	O
data	O
transfer	O
,	O
TCP	B-Protocol
/	O
IP	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
the	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
hypertext	B-Protocol
transfer	I-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
has	O
its	O
own	O
MIME	B-Protocol
content	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
uses	O
other	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
DHCP	B-Protocol
,	O
SAML	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
makes	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
coding	O
system	O
called	O
SNOMED	O
CT	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
medical	O
and	O
clinical	O
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
uses	O
an	O
external	O
alphabet	O
known	O
as	O
LOINC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
breast	O
images	O
,	O
use	O
is	O
made	O
of	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
structured	O
files	O
known	O
as	O
BI-RADS	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
resources	O
(	O
IHE	O
,	O
HL7	O
...	O
a	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ISO12052	O
:	O
2017	O
and	O
CEN	O
12052	O
standards	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
standard	O
.	O
</s>
