<s>
Loi	O
DADVSI	B-License
(	O
generally	O
pronounced	O
as	O
dadsi	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
abbreviation	O
of	O
the	O
French	O
Loi	O
relative	O
au	O
droit	O
d’auteur	O
et	O
aux	O
droits	O
voisins	O
dans	O
la	O
société	O
de	O
l’information	O
(	O
in	O
English	O
:	O
"	O
law	O
on	O
authors	O
 '	O
rights	O
and	O
related	O
rights	O
in	O
the	O
information	O
society	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
law	O
was	O
controversial	O
within	O
France	O
because	O
of	O
fears	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
significantly	O
hamper	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
might	O
also	O
significantly	O
restrict	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
make	O
copies	O
of	O
copyrighted	O
works	O
for	O
private	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
a	O
controversy	O
arose	O
with	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
and	O
associated	O
US	O
industry	O
groups	O
,	O
who	O
loudly	O
protested	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
press	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
bill	O
was	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
iTunes	B-License
law	I-License
or	O
iPod	B-License
law	I-License
in	O
the	O
English-language	O
press	O
(	O
see	O
Interoperability	O
and	O
Apple	O
controversy	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
law	O
is	O
not	O
referred	O
to	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
in	O
France	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
title	O
of	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
refers	O
to	O
droit	O
d'auteur	O
et	O
droits	O
voisins	O
(	O
authors	O
 '	O
rights	O
and	O
related	O
rights	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2001	O
European	O
Directive	O
on	O
Copyright	O
proposes	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
10	O
exceptions	O
to	O
copyright	O
that	O
member	O
states	O
can	O
choose	O
to	O
implement	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
one	O
whose	O
implementation	O
is	O
compulsory	O
(	O
this	O
makes	O
an	O
exception	O
for	O
temporary	O
technical	O
copies	O
,	O
meant	O
to	O
address	O
Web	B-Protocol
caches	I-Protocol
and	O
similar	O
systems	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
an	O
amendment	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
by	O
the	O
National	O
Assembly	O
,	O
which	O
established	O
a	O
"	O
right	O
to	O
the	O
exception	O
for	O
private	O
copy.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
unexpectedly	O
rose	O
as	O
a	O
somewhat	O
well-publicized	O
topic	O
in	O
national	O
French	O
politics	O
in	O
December	O
2005	O
with	O
the	O
vote	O
of	O
the	O
so-called	O
"	O
global	O
license	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
became	O
perceived	O
as	O
criminalising	O
Internet	O
users	O
for	O
sending	O
files	O
of	O
copyrighted	O
works	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
being	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Commission	O
heard	O
Minister	O
de	O
Vabres	O
on	O
April	B-Application
4	O
and	O
recommended	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
amendments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
first	O
sight	O
,	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
was	O
not	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
disputed	O
legal	O
text	O
:	O
it	O
dealt	O
with	O
fairly	O
technical	O
legal	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
draft	O
of	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
criminalized	O
peer-to-peer	O
exchanges	O
of	O
copyrighted	O
works	O
(	O
or	O
,	O
more	O
precisely	O
,	O
copyrighted	O
works	O
whose	O
licenses	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
such	O
exchanges	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
various	O
groups	O
or	O
parties	O
for	O
demonstrating	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
government	O
policies	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
parliamentarians	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
never	O
seen	O
such	O
intense	O
lobbying	O
from	O
all	O
sides	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
grassroot	O
effort	O
from	O
Internet	O
users	O
and	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
advocates	O
which	O
inundated	O
them	O
with	O
letters	O
and	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
discussion	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
Donnedieu	O
de	O
Vabres	O
organised	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
commercial	O
music	O
download	O
platforms	O
inside	O
a	O
room	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Assembly	O
,	O
where	O
deputies	O
were	O
given	O
a	O
free	O
account	O
with	O
a	O
€10	O
credit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
advocate	O
group	O
EUCD.info	O
denounced	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
lobbyist	O
for	O
an	O
industry	O
group	O
was	O
allowed	O
into	O
the	O
"	O
four	O
column	O
hall	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
room	O
in	O
the	O
Assembly	O
building	O
whose	O
access	O
is	O
normally	O
restricted	O
to	O
deputies	O
and	O
journalists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
mentioning	O
DADVSI	B-License
he	O
deplored	O
how	O
the	O
government	O
had	O
sent	O
two	O
four-page	O
amendments	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
text	O
,	O
alluding	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
amendments	O
that	O
Bayrou	O
had	O
denounced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
9	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
a	O
delegation	O
including	O
Richard	O
M	O
.	O
Stallman	O
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
,	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
Hotel	O
Matignon	O
to	O
meet	O
prime	O
minister	O
Dominique	O
de	O
Villepin	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
prime	O
minister	O
and	O
his	O
advisors	O
refused	O
to	O
meet	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
26	O
,	O
Stallman	O
spoke	O
against	O
DADVSI	B-License
at	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
business	O
meeting	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
City	O
of	O
Paris	O
(	O
Paris	O
,	O
capitale	O
du	O
Libre	O
)	O
;	O
on	O
June	O
28	O
,	O
he	O
met	O
presidential	O
candidate	O
Ségolène	O
Royal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
contains	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
articles	O
meant	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
copying	O
of	O
copyrighted	O
music	O
or	O
videos	O
through	O
peer-to-peer	O
networks	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Article	O
14	O
bis	O
of	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
explicitly	O
exempts	O
from	O
this	O
regime	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
downloading	O
a	O
copyrighted	O
work	O
on	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
French	O
broadband	O
connections	O
typically	O
cost	O
€30	O
a	O
month	O
for	O
rates	O
up	O
to	O
16megabits	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
digital	O
TV	O
and	O
unlimited	O
VoIP	B-Application
phone	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
grants	O
legal	O
protection	O
to	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
"	O
technical	O
protection	O
methods	O
"	O
(	O
defined	O
in	O
article	O
7	O
)	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
contains	O
clauses	O
criminalizing	O
circumvention	O
of	O
DRMs	O
(	O
articles	O
13	O
and	O
14	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
clauses	O
could	O
potentially	O
outlaw	O
any	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
reading	O
DRM-using	O
formats	O
(	O
music	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
text	O
content	O
)	O
;	O
the	O
fear	O
was	O
that	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
implementing	O
DRM	O
would	O
be	O
construed	O
as	O
facilitating	O
circumvention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
advocates	O
thus	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
chilling	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
in	O
France	O
,	O
since	O
any	O
modern	O
desktop	O
system	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
music	O
and	O
video	O
content	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
designers	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
sure	O
whether	O
they	O
would	O
face	O
felony	O
charges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clauses	O
would	O
prevent	O
investigation	O
of	O
possible	O
security	O
lapses	O
in	O
DRM	O
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
when	O
Sony	O
's	O
Extended	B-Application
Copy	I-Application
Protection	I-Application
system	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
create	O
computer	O
security	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
personal	O
computing	O
software	O
industry	O
in	O
France	O
is	O
heavily	O
dominated	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
companies	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
provide	O
DRM	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
feared	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
would	O
reinforce	O
these	O
dominant	O
positions	O
and	O
prevent	O
competition	O
from	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Politicians	O
across	O
all	O
French	O
political	O
parties	O
have	O
declared	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
France	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
provides	O
competition	O
in	O
a	O
field	O
dominated	O
by	O
extra-European	O
corporations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accordingly	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
organizations	O
(	O
Free	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
France	O
,	O
EUCD.info,	O
Framasoft	O
,	O
APRIL	B-Application
,	O
AFUL	O
...	O
)	O
lobbied	O
that	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
should	O
not	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
de	O
facto	O
prohibition	O
on	O
making	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
reading	O
formats	O
protected	O
by	O
DRMs	O
,	O
including	O
video	O
and	O
music	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
making	O
free	O
operating	O
systems	O
unsuitable	O
for	O
personal	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
copyrighted	O
works	O
also	O
include	O
text	O
,	O
that	O
formats	O
such	O
as	O
PDF	B-Application
also	O
have	O
DRMs	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
that	O
the	O
law	O
could	O
well	O
exclude	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
from	O
desktop	O
processing	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
could	O
perhaps	O
not	O
read	O
the	O
same	O
file	O
formats	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
desktop	O
suites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
clauses	O
proved	O
controversial	O
,	O
mostly	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
press	O
,	O
where	O
analyses	O
provided	O
by	O
various	O
interest	O
groups	O
claimed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
directed	O
at	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
iTunes	I-Operating_System
platform	O
and	O
their	O
iPod	B-Device
players	O
;	O
some	O
news	O
sources	O
even	O
went	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
to	O
nickname	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
the	O
"	O
French	B-License
iTunes	I-License
law	I-License
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
analysts	O
claimed	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
force	O
Apple	O
to	O
shut	O
down	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
for	O
French	O
customers	O
,	O
because	O
Apple	O
's	O
business	O
model	O
ties	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
content	O
to	O
the	B-Device
iPod	I-Device
player	O
using	O
the	O
DRM	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
French	O
market	O
comprises	O
a	O
relatively	O
small	O
portion	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
overall	O
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Apple	O
,	O
the	O
proposed	O
legislation	O
would	O
increase	O
copyright	O
piracy	O
by	O
making	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
copyright	O
pirates	O
to	O
download	O
songs	O
from	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
generic	O
format	O
and	O
then	O
endlessly	O
copy	O
them	O
for	O
other	O
users	O
(	O
the	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
format	O
,	O
being	O
proprietary	O
,	O
is	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
other	O
media	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
declaration	O
supported	O
the	O
claims	O
by	O
free-software	B-Application
advocates	O
and	O
politicians	O
who	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
DRM	O
initially	O
envisioned	O
would	O
benefit	O
makers	O
of	O
DRM	O
systems	O
by	O
enabling	O
them	O
to	O
prosecute	O
competitors	O
as	O
facilitating	O
piracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
listed	O
in	O
CPI	O
L122-5	O
,	O
and	O
article	O
1/1	O
bis	O
of	O
the	O
DADVSI	B-License
law	I-License
alters	O
these	O
exceptions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
web	B-Protocol
caches	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
She	O
opposed	O
several	O
clauses	O
of	O
the	O
text	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
criminalisation	O
of	O
Internet	O
users	O
and	O
measures	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
harmful	O
to	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
supported	O
the	O
"	O
global	O
license	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
President	O
of	O
the	O
UDF	O
party	O
,	O
he	O
famously	O
stood	O
against	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
police	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
"	O
,	O
against	O
measures	O
decried	O
as	O
harmful	O
to	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
make	O
private	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
