<s>
D4Science	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
organisation	O
operating	O
a	O
Data	B-Application
Infrastructure	I-Application
offering	O
a	O
rich	O
array	O
of	O
services	O
by	O
community-driven	O
virtual	O
research	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
infrastructure	O
follows	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
systems	O
approach	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
constituent	O
systems	O
(	O
Service	O
providers	O
)	O
offer	O
“	O
resources	O
”	O
(	O
namely	O
services	O
and	O
by	O
them	O
data	O
,	O
computing	O
,	O
storage	O
)	O
assembled	O
together	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
overall	O
set	O
of	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
aggregates	O
“	O
domain	O
agnostic	O
”	O
service	O
providers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
community-specific	O
ones	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
unifying	O
space	O
where	O
the	O
aggregated	O
resources	O
can	O
be	O
exploited	O
via	O
Virtual	O
research	O
Environments	O
and	O
their	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
earth	O
of	O
this	O
infrastructure	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
Software	I-Application
named	O
gCube	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
D4Science	B-General_Concept
offers	O
a	O
rich	O
array	O
of	O
services	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Virtual	O
Research	O
Environment	O
as	O
a	O
Service	O
providing	O
any	O
community	O
of	O
practice	O
with	O
a	O
dedicated	O
working	O
environment	O
supporting	O
any	O
knowledge	O
production	O
process	O
in	O
a	O
collaborative	O
way	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
every	O
VRE	O
enables	O
computer-supported	B-Protocol
cooperative	I-Protocol
work	I-Protocol
by	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
D4Science-based	O
VREs	O
are	O
web-based	O
,	O
community-oriented	O
,	O
collaborative	O
,	O
user-friendly	O
,	O
open-science-enabler	O
working	O
environments	O
for	O
scientists	O
and	O
practitioners	O
willing	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
(	O
research	O
)	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
endowed	O
with	O
importing	O
and	O
sharing	O
facilities	O
for	O
analytics	O
methods	O
implemented	O
in	O
heterogeneous	O
forms	O
including	O
R	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
and	O
KNIME	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
an	O
RStudio-based	O
development	O
environment	O
for	O
R	B-Language
enabling	O
to	O
perform	O
statistical	O
computing	O
tasks	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
RStudio	B-Application
environment	O
is	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
preconfigured	O
with	O
libraries	O
and	O
packages	O
to	O
ease	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
common	O
data	O
analytics	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
provides	O
seamless	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
VRE	O
Workspace	O
enabling	O
sharing	O
of	O
resources	O
with	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
working	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
Jupyter-based	O
notebook	O
environment	O
for	O
developing	O
and	O
executing	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
by	O
JupyterLab	O
instances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
Infrastructure	O
is	O
serving	O
thousands	O
of	O
users	O
(	O
more	O
than	O
15,000	O
registered	O
users	O
in	O
April	O
2021	O
)	O
by	O
165	O
active	O
VREs	O
offered	O
via	O
19	O
Science	O
gateways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
initiative	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
several	O
European	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DILIGENT	O
(	O
2004-2007	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Sixth	O
Framework	O
Programme	O
for	O
Research	O
and	O
Technological	O
Development	O
was	O
the	O
forerunner	O
where	O
a	O
testbed	O
infrastructure	O
built	O
by	O
integrating	O
digital	O
library	O
and	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
technologies	O
and	O
resources	O
was	O
conceived	O
and	O
developed	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
communities	O
of	O
practice	O
involved	O
in	O
knowledge	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
Seventh	O
Framework	O
Programme	O
for	O
research	O
,	O
technological	O
development	O
and	O
demonstration	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
initiative	O
started	O
with	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
(	O
2008-2009	O
)	O
,	O
D4Science-II	O
(	O
2009-2011	O
)	O
,	O
ENVRI	O
(	O
2011-2014	O
)	O
,	O
EUBrazilOpenBio	O
(	O
2011-2013	O
)	O
,	O
iMarine	O
(	O
2011-2014	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
H2020	O
research	O
and	O
innovation	O
programme	O
the	O
maturity	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
was	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
allow	O
a	O
large	O
and	O
very	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
communities	O
of	O
practice	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
it	O
and	O
its	O
services	O
and	O
further	O
contribute	O
to	O
its	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
projects	O
contributed	O
to	O
D4Science	B-General_Concept
development	O
:	O
BlueBRIDGE	O
(	O
2015-2018	O
)	O
,	O
EGIEngage	O
(	O
2015-2017	O
)	O
,	O
ENVRIplus	O
(	O
2015-2019	O
)	O
,	O
Parthenos	O
(	O
2015-2019	O
)	O
,	O
SoBigData	O
(	O
2015-2019	O
)	O
,	O
AGINFRAplus	O
(	O
2017-2019	O
)	O
,	O
PerformFish	O
(	O
2017-2022	O
)	O
,	O
ARIADNEplus	O
(	O
2019-2022	O
)	O
,	O
EOSC-Pillar	O
(	O
2019-2022	O
)	O
,	O
DESIRA	O
(	O
2019-2023	O
)	O
,	O
RISIS2	O
(	O
2019-2022	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
