<s>
Cypher	B-Language
is	O
a	O
declarative	B-Language
graph	B-Language
query	I-Language
language	I-Language
that	O
allows	O
for	O
expressive	O
and	O
efficient	O
data	O
querying	O
in	O
a	O
property	O
graph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
was	O
largely	O
an	O
invention	O
of	O
Andrés	O
Taylor	O
while	O
working	O
for	O
Neo4j	B-Language
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
formerly	O
Neo	B-Language
Technology	I-Language
)	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
graph	B-Application
database	I-Application
Neo4j	B-Language
,	O
but	O
was	O
opened	O
up	O
through	O
the	O
project	O
in	O
October	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
was	O
designed	O
with	O
the	O
power	O
and	O
capability	O
of	O
SQL	B-Language
(	O
standard	O
query	O
language	O
for	O
the	O
relational	B-Architecture
database	I-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
)	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
but	O
Cypher	B-Language
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
components	O
and	O
needs	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
built	O
upon	O
the	O
concepts	O
of	O
graph	O
theory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Property	O
Graph	O
Model	O
,	O
which	O
organizes	O
data	O
into	O
nodes	O
and	O
edges	O
(	O
called	O
“	O
relationships	O
”	O
in	O
Cypher	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Properties	O
are	O
key-value	O
pairs	O
with	O
a	O
binding	O
of	O
a	O
string	O
key	O
and	O
some	O
value	O
from	O
the	O
Cypher	B-Language
type	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
queries	O
are	O
assembled	O
with	O
patterns	O
of	O
nodes	O
and	O
relationships	O
with	O
any	O
specified	O
filtering	O
on	O
labels	O
and	O
properties	O
to	O
create	O
,	O
read	O
,	O
update	O
,	O
delete	O
data	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
specified	O
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cypher	B-Language
type	O
system	O
includes	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
types	O
used	O
in	O
other	O
programming	O
and	O
query	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cypher	B-Language
query	I-Language
language	I-Language
depicts	O
patterns	O
of	O
nodes	O
and	O
relationships	O
and	O
filters	O
those	O
patterns	O
based	O
on	O
labels	O
and	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
’s	O
syntax	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
ASCII	O
art	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
text-based	O
visual	O
art	O
for	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
other	O
query	O
languages	O
,	O
Cypher	B-Language
contains	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
keywords	O
for	O
specifying	O
patterns	O
,	O
filtering	O
patterns	O
,	O
and	O
returning	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
operate	O
slightly	O
differently	O
than	O
the	O
SELECT	O
and	O
WHERE	O
in	O
SQL	B-Language
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
similar	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WHERE	O
in	O
Cypher	B-Language
is	O
used	O
to	O
add	O
additional	O
constraints	O
to	O
patterns	O
and	O
filter	O
out	O
any	O
unwanted	O
patterns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
’s	O
RETURN	O
formats	O
and	O
organizes	O
how	O
the	O
results	O
should	O
be	O
outputted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cypher	B-Language
also	O
contains	O
keywords	O
to	O
specify	O
clauses	O
for	O
writing	O
,	O
updating	O
,	O
and	O
deleting	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
openCypher	O
project	O
,	O
an	O
effort	O
began	O
to	O
standardize	O
Cypher	B-Language
as	O
the	O
query	O
language	O
for	O
graph	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
meeting	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
consensus	O
to	O
work	O
towards	O
Cypher	B-Language
becoming	O
a	O
significant	O
input	O
into	O
a	O
wider	O
project	O
for	O
an	O
international	O
standardized	O
Graph	B-Language
Query	I-Language
Language	I-Language
called	O
GQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
proposal	O
for	O
a	O
GQL	B-Language
standard	O
project	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
a	O
vote	O
of	O
national	O
standards	O
bodies	O
which	O
are	O
members	O
of	O
ISO/IEC	O
Joint	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
1	O
(	O
responsible	O
for	O
information	O
technology	O
standards	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GQL	B-Language
project	O
proposal	O
states	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
the	O
GQL	B-Language
Standard	O
is	O
being	O
written	O
and	O
not	O
yet	O
publicly	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aside	O
from	O
the	O
implementation	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
also	O
find	O
a	O
formalization	O
and	O
read	O
the	O
syntax	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
subset	O
of	O
GQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
