<s>
In	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
and	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
,	O
cut	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
copy	I-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
are	O
related	O
commands	B-Application
that	O
offer	O
an	O
interprocess	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
technique	O
for	O
transferring	O
data	B-General_Concept
through	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cut	O
command	B-Device
removes	O
the	O
selected	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
from	O
its	O
original	O
position	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
copy	B-Device
command	B-Device
creates	O
a	O
duplicate	O
;	O
in	O
both	O
cases	O
the	O
selected	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
is	O
kept	O
in	O
temporary	O
storage	O
(	O
the	O
clipboard	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	B-General_Concept
from	O
the	O
clipboard	O
is	O
later	O
inserted	O
wherever	O
a	O
paste	O
command	B-Device
is	O
issued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	B-General_Concept
remains	O
available	O
to	O
any	O
application	O
supporting	O
the	O
feature	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
easy	O
data	B-General_Concept
transfer	O
between	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	B-Device
names	O
are	O
an	O
interface	B-Architecture
metaphor	I-Architecture
based	O
on	O
the	O
physical	O
procedure	O
used	O
in	O
manuscript	O
editing	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
page	O
layout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
interaction	B-Application
technique	I-Application
has	O
close	O
associations	O
with	O
related	O
techniques	O
in	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
GUIs	B-Application
)	O
that	O
use	O
pointing	B-Device
devices	I-Device
such	O
as	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
mouse	I-Device
(	O
by	O
drag	O
and	O
drop	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
clipboard	O
support	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
GUI	B-Application
and	O
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Terms	O
like	O
cloning	O
,	O
copy	B-Device
forward	O
,	O
carry	O
forward	O
,	O
or	O
re-use	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
such	O
information	O
through	O
documents	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
regulation	O
by	O
administrative	O
bodies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
cut	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
"	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
traditional	O
practice	O
in	O
manuscript-editings	O
whereby	O
people	O
would	O
cut	O
paragraphs	O
from	O
a	O
page	O
with	O
scissors	O
and	O
paste	O
them	O
onto	O
another	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
act	O
of	O
copying/transferring	O
text	O
from	O
one	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
computer-based	O
document	O
(	O
"	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
"	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
location	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
different	O
computer-based	O
document	O
was	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
on-line	O
computer	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
soon	O
as	O
computer	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
entry	O
moved	O
from	O
punch-cards	O
to	O
online	O
files	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
mid/late	O
1960s	O
)	O
there	O
were	O
"	O
commands	B-Application
"	O
for	O
accomplishing	O
this	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
mechanism	O
was	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
transfer	O
frequently-used	O
commands	B-Application
or	O
text	O
snippets	O
from	O
additional	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
into	O
the	O
document	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
the	O
QED	B-Application
text	I-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
editors	O
(	O
designed	O
for	O
teleprinter	O
terminals	O
)	O
provided	O
keyboard	B-Device
commands	B-Application
to	O
delineate	O
a	O
contiguous	O
region	O
of	O
text	O
,	O
then	O
delete	O
or	O
move	B-Device
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
this	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
move	B-Device
"	O
command	B-Device
,	O
but	O
some	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
required	O
that	O
the	O
text	O
be	O
first	O
put	O
into	O
some	O
temporary	O
location	O
for	O
later	O
retrieval/placement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1983	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Lisa	I-Device
became	O
the	O
first	O
text	B-Application
editing	I-Application
system	O
to	O
call	O
that	O
temporary	O
location	O
"	O
the	O
clipboard	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
control	O
schemes	O
such	O
as	O
NLS	O
used	O
a	O
verb	O
—	O
object	O
command	B-Device
structure	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
command	B-Device
name	O
was	O
provided	O
first	O
and	O
the	O
object	O
to	O
be	O
copied	O
or	O
moved	O
was	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inversion	O
from	O
verb	O
—	O
object	O
to	O
object	O
—	O
verb	O
on	O
which	O
copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
are	O
based	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
selects	O
the	O
object	O
to	O
be	O
operated	O
before	O
initiating	O
the	O
operation	O
,	O
was	O
an	O
innovation	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
desktop	O
metaphor	O
as	O
it	O
allowed	O
copy	B-Device
and	O
move	B-Device
operations	O
based	O
on	O
direct	O
manipulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copy-paste	B-General_Concept
features	O
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
many	O
command	B-Device
line	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
ed	B-Application
,	O
emacs	B-Application
,	O
sed	B-Application
,	O
and	O
vi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inspired	O
by	O
early	O
line	O
and	O
character	O
editors	O
that	O
broke	O
a	O
move	B-Device
or	O
copy	B-Device
operation	O
into	O
two	O
steps	O
—	O
between	O
which	O
the	O
user	O
could	O
invoke	O
a	O
preparatory	O
action	O
such	O
as	O
navigation	O
—	O
Lawrence	O
G	O
.	O
"	O
Larry	O
"	O
Tesler	O
proposed	O
the	O
names	O
"	O
cut	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
copy	B-Device
"	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
step	O
and	O
"	O
paste	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
second	O
step	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
in	O
1974	O
,	O
he	O
and	O
colleagues	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
implemented	O
several	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
that	O
used	O
cut/copy	O
-and-paste	O
commands	B-Application
to	O
move	B-Device
and	O
copy	B-Device
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Computer	O
popularized	O
this	O
paradigm	O
with	O
its	O
Lisa	B-Device
(	O
1983	O
)	O
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
(	O
1984	O
)	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
functions	O
were	O
mapped	O
to	O
key	O
combinations	O
using	O
the	O
key	O
as	O
a	O
special	O
modifier	B-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
held	O
down	O
while	O
also	O
pressing	O
for	O
cut	O
,	O
for	O
copy	B-Device
,	O
or	O
for	O
paste	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
handful	O
of	O
keyboard	B-Device
shortcuts	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
perform	O
all	O
the	O
basic	O
editing	O
operations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
keys	O
involved	O
all	O
cluster	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
left	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
bottom	O
row	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
QWERTY	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Common	I-General_Concept
User	I-General_Concept
Access	I-General_Concept
(	O
CUA	B-General_Concept
)	O
standard	O
also	O
uses	O
combinations	O
of	O
the	O
Insert	B-Device
,	O
Del	B-Device
,	O
Shift	B-Device
and	O
Control	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
used	O
the	O
IBM	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
later	O
also	O
adopted	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
key	I-Device
combinations	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
using	O
the	O
control	B-Device
key	I-Device
as	O
modifier	B-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
users	O
migrating	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
from	O
DOS	B-Device
this	O
was	O
a	O
big	O
change	O
as	O
DOS	B-Device
users	O
used	O
the	O
"	O
COPY	B-Device
"	O
and	O
"	O
MOVE	B-Device
"	O
commands	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
patterns	O
of	O
key	O
combinations	O
,	O
later	O
borrowed	O
by	O
others	O
,	O
in	O
most	O
GUI	B-Application
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
,	O
word	O
processors	O
,	O
and	O
file-system	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
copy/cut/paste	O
workflow	O
,	O
as	O
implemented	O
at	O
PARC	O
,	O
utilized	O
a	O
unique	O
workflow	O
:	O
With	O
two	O
windows	B-Application
on	O
the	O
same	O
screen	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
could	O
use	O
the	O
mouse	O
to	O
pick	O
a	O
point	O
at	O
which	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
insertion	O
in	O
one	O
window	O
(	O
or	O
a	O
segment	O
of	O
text	O
to	O
replace	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
by	O
holding	O
shift	B-Device
and	O
selecting	O
the	O
copy	B-Device
source	O
elsewhere	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
screen	O
,	O
the	O
copy	B-Device
would	O
be	O
made	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
the	O
shift	B-Device
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
holding	O
shift	B-Device
and	O
control	O
would	O
copy	B-Device
and	O
cut	O
(	O
delete	O
)	O
the	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
workflow	O
requires	O
many	O
fewer	O
keystrokes/mouse	O
clicks	O
than	O
the	O
current	O
multi-step	O
workflows	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
an	O
explicit	O
copy	B-Device
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
dropped	O
,	O
one	O
presumes	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	O
and	O
IBM	O
GUIs	B-Application
were	O
not	O
high	O
enough	O
density	O
to	O
permit	O
multiple	O
windows	B-Application
,	O
as	O
were	O
the	O
PARC	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
multiple	O
simultaneous	O
windows	B-Application
were	O
rarely	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer-based	O
editing	O
can	O
involve	O
very	O
frequent	O
use	O
of	O
cut-and-paste	B-General_Concept
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
software-suppliers	O
provide	O
several	O
methods	B-Language
for	O
performing	O
such	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
can	O
involve	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
key	O
combinations	O
,	O
pulldown	O
menus	O
,	O
pop-up	O
menus	O
,	O
or	O
toolbar	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
selects	O
or	O
"	O
highlights	O
"	O
the	O
text	O
or	O
file	O
for	O
moving	O
by	O
some	O
method	O
,	O
typically	O
by	O
dragging	O
over	O
the	O
text	O
or	O
file	O
name	O
with	O
the	O
pointing-device	O
or	O
holding	O
down	O
the	O
Shift	B-Device
key	I-Device
while	O
using	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
to	O
move	B-Device
the	O
text	B-Application
cursor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
performs	O
a	O
"	O
cut	O
"	O
operation	O
via	O
key	O
combination	O
(	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
users	O
)	O
,	O
menu	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
means	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
most	O
systems	O
only	O
one	O
clipboard	O
location	O
exists	O
,	O
hence	O
another	O
cut	O
or	O
copy	B-Device
operation	O
overwrites	O
the	O
previously	O
stored	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
UNIX	B-Application
text-editors	O
provide	O
multiple	O
clipboard	O
entries	O
,	O
as	O
do	O
some	O
Macintosh	B-Device
programs	O
such	O
as	O
Clipboard	O
Master	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
clipboard-manager	B-Application
programs	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
paste	O
operation	O
takes	O
place	O
which	O
visibly	O
inserts	B-Device
the	O
clipboard	O
text	O
at	O
the	O
insertion	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
paste	O
operation	O
does	O
not	O
typically	O
destroy	O
the	O
clipboard	O
text	O
:	O
it	O
remains	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
clipboard	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
insert	B-Device
additional	O
copies	O
at	O
other	O
points	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
cut-and-paste	B-General_Concept
often	O
takes	O
place	O
with	O
a	O
mouse-equivalent	O
in	O
Windows-like	O
GUI	B-Application
environments	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
occur	O
entirely	O
from	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
especially	O
in	O
UNIX	B-Application
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Pico	B-Operating_System
or	O
vi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cutting	O
and	O
pasting	O
without	O
a	O
mouse	O
can	O
involve	O
a	O
selection	O
(	O
for	O
which	O
is	O
pressed	O
in	O
most	O
graphical	O
systems	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
entire	O
current	O
line	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
involve	O
text	O
after	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
line	O
and	O
other	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
software	O
environment	O
provides	O
cut	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
functionality	O
,	O
a	O
nondestructive	O
operation	O
called	O
copy	B-Device
usually	O
accompanies	O
them	O
;	O
copy	B-Device
places	O
a	O
copy	B-Device
of	O
the	O
selected	O
text	O
in	O
the	O
clipboard	O
without	O
removing	O
it	O
from	O
its	O
original	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
application	O
programs	O
provide	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
viewing	O
,	O
or	O
sometimes	O
even	O
editing	O
,	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
clipboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
copy-and-paste	B-General_Concept
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
popular	O
,	O
simple	O
method	O
of	O
reproducing	O
text	O
or	O
other	O
data	B-General_Concept
from	O
a	O
source	O
to	O
a	O
destination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
differs	O
from	O
cut	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
in	O
that	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
text	O
or	O
data	B-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
get	O
deleted	O
or	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
this	O
method	O
stems	O
from	O
its	O
simplicity	O
and	O
the	O
ease	O
with	O
which	O
users	O
can	O
move	B-Device
data	B-General_Concept
between	O
various	O
applications	O
visually	O
–	O
without	O
resorting	O
to	O
permanent	B-Device
storage	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
one	O
has	O
copied	O
data	B-General_Concept
into	O
the	O
clipboard	O
,	O
one	O
may	O
paste	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
clipboard	O
into	O
a	O
destination	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
maintains	O
an	O
additional	O
clipboard	O
containing	O
the	O
most	O
recently	O
selected	O
text	O
;	O
middle-clicking	O
pastes	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
this	O
"	O
selection	O
"	O
clipboard	O
into	O
whatever	O
the	O
pointer	O
is	O
on	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
terminal	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
and	O
some	O
other	O
applications	O
support	O
the	O
key	O
combinations	O
Ctrl-Insert	O
to	O
copy	B-Device
and	O
Shift-Insert	O
to	O
paste	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-General_Concept
Common	I-General_Concept
User	I-General_Concept
Access	I-General_Concept
(	O
CUA	B-General_Concept
)	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
similar	O
functionality	O
in	O
historical	O
text-mode	O
terminals	O
in	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Linux	O
and	O
FreeBSD	O
,	O
see	O
GPM	B-Language
or	O
moused	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NeXTStep	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
extended	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
single	O
copy	B-Device
buffer	B-General_Concept
by	O
adding	O
a	O
second	O
system-wide	O
used	O
for	O
searching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
find	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
available	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	O
can	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
find	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
by	O
either	O
using	O
the	O
Find	O
panel	O
or	O
by	O
selecting	O
text	O
and	O
hitting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
destroy	O
your	O
copy	B-Device
buffer	B-General_Concept
as	O
with	O
other	O
UIs	B-Application
like	O
Windows	B-Application
or	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
with	O
copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
this	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
quick	O
and	O
easy	O
replacement	O
of	O
repeated	O
text	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
find	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
is	O
system	O
wide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cut	B-General_Concept
Copy	I-General_Concept
Paste	I-General_Concept
History/Notes	O
Apple	O
Windows/GNOME/KDE	O
/	O
/	O
/	O
In	O
Windows	B-Application
10	O
if	O
enabled	O
:	O
How	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
new	O
clipboard	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
10	O
October	O
2018	O
Update	O
|	O
Windows	B-Application
Central	O
GNOME/KDE	O
terminal	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
/	O
/	O
(	O
or	O
middle	O
mouse	O
button	O
for	O
pasting	O
selected	O
text	O
)	O
BeOS	O
Common	B-General_Concept
User	I-General_Concept
Access	I-General_Concept
Emacs	B-Application
(	O
Cut	O
/	O
Wipe	O
out	O
)	O
(	O
Copy	B-Device
)	O
(	O
Paste	O
/	O
Yank	O
)	O
A	O
"	O
kill	O
ring	O
"	O
is	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copying	O
data	B-General_Concept
one	O
by	O
one	O
from	O
one	O
application	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
from	O
Excel	B-Application
to	O
a	O
web	B-General_Concept
form	I-General_Concept
,	O
might	O
involve	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
manual	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
automated	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
program	B-Application
that	O
would	O
iterate	O
through	O
the	O
values	O
list	O
and	O
paste	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
application	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
applications	O
supporting	O
simultaneous	B-Application
editing	I-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
copy	B-Device
or	O
move	B-Device
collections	O
of	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
spreadsheet	O
,	O
moving	O
(	O
cut	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
)	O
need	O
not	O
equate	O
to	O
copying	O
(	O
copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
then	O
deleting	O
the	O
original	O
:	O
when	O
moving	O
,	O
references	O
to	O
the	O
moved	O
cells	O
may	O
move	B-Device
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
also	O
differentiates	O
moving	O
from	O
merely	O
copy-and-delete	O
:	O
a	O
"	O
cut	O
"	O
file	O
will	O
not	O
actually	O
disappear	O
until	O
pasted	O
elsewhere	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
pasted	O
more	O
than	O
once	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shift+Delete	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
cut	O
files	O
;	O
instead	O
it	O
deletes	O
them	O
without	O
using	O
the	O
Recycle	O
bin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clipboard	B-Application
managers	I-Application
can	O
be	O
very	O
convenient	O
productivity-enhancers	O
by	O
providing	O
many	O
more	O
features	O
than	O
system-native	O
clipboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
a	O
kill	O
ring	O
 '	O
provides	O
a	O
LIFO	B-Application
stack	I-Application
used	O
for	O
cut-and-paste	B-General_Concept
operations	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
clipboard	O
capable	O
of	O
storing	O
multiple	O
pieces	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
kill	O
ring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
time	O
a	O
user	O
performs	O
a	O
cut	O
or	O
copy	B-Device
operation	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
adds	O
the	O
affected	O
text	O
to	O
the	O
ring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
can	O
then	O
access	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
(	O
relatively	O
numbered	O
)	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
ring	O
when	O
performing	O
a	O
subsequent	O
paste-operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
can	O
also	O
give	O
kill-buffers	O
individual	O
names	O
,	O
thus	O
providing	O
another	O
form	O
of	O
multiple-clipboard	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
action	O
can	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
cut/copy	O
-and-paste	O
"	O
in	O
a	O
pejorative	O
sense	O
,	O
to	O
mean	O
that	O
a	O
person	O
creating	O
some	O
item	O
has	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
merely	O
copied	O
from	O
a	O
previously	O
existing	O
item	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Concerns	O
exist	O
over	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
functions	O
in	O
healthcare	O
documentation	O
and	O
electronic	B-Application
health	I-Application
records	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
programming	O
is	O
an	O
anti-pattern	O
arising	O
from	O
the	O
careless	O
pasting	O
of	O
pre-existing	O
code	O
into	O
another	O
source	O
code	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shared	O
interfaces	O
(	O
"	O
abstract	O
classes	O
"	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
named	O
methods	B-Language
should	O
be	O
exposed	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
module	O
should	O
subclass	O
the	O
interface	O
to	O
provide	O
needed	O
differences	O
in	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
users	O
copy	B-Device
on	O
websites	O
different	O
things	O
for	O
different	O
reasons	O
,	O
including	O
words	O
and	O
phrases	O
to	O
look	O
up	O
elsewhere	O
,	O
key	O
sentences	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
citations	O
and	O
text	B-Application
summaries	I-Application
,	O
and	O
programming	O
code	O
fragments	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
software	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tracking	O
and	O
recording	O
copy	B-Device
operations	O
of	O
users	O
and	O
using	O
that	O
data	B-General_Concept
as	O
implicit	O
user	O
feedback	O
on	O
the	O
website	O
content	O
can	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
and	O
uses	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
automatic	B-Application
text	I-Application
summarization	I-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
text	B-General_Concept
simplification	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
