<s>
Cubes	B-Library
is	O
a	O
light-weight	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
multidimensional	O
modelling	O
and	O
OLAP	B-Application
toolkit	O
for	O
development	O
reporting	O
applications	O
and	O
browsing	O
of	O
aggregated	O
data	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
released	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cubes	B-Library
provides	O
to	O
an	O
analyst	O
or	O
any	O
application	O
end-user	O
"	O
understandable	O
and	O
natural	O
way	O
of	O
reporting	O
using	O
concept	O
of	O
data	O
Cubes	B-Library
–	O
multidimensional	O
data	O
objects	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cubes	B-Library
was	O
first	O
publicly	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cubes	B-Library
is	O
capable	O
of	O
handling	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
complex	O
queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
a	O
review	O
by	O
TechTarget	O
,	O
Cubes	B-Library
can	O
handle	O
"	O
data	O
volumes	O
in	O
the	O
hundreds	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
rows	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
complex	O
queries	O
and	O
calculations	O
that	O
require	O
multi-level	O
aggregations	O
and	O
dynamic	O
subsetting.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
review	O
notes	O
that	O
Cubes	B-Library
is	O
well-suited	O
for	O
smaller	O
organizations	O
or	O
teams	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
require	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
scalability	O
of	O
enterprise-level	O
OLAP	B-Application
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
logical	O
conceptual	O
model	O
in	O
Cubes	B-Library
is	O
described	O
using	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
and	O
can	O
be	O
provided	O
either	O
in	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
directory	O
bundle	O
or	O
from	O
an	O
external	O
model	O
provider	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
a	O
database	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
model	O
objects	O
are	O
:	O
cubes	B-Library
and	O
their	O
measures	O
and	O
aggregates	O
,	O
dimensions	O
and	O
their	O
attributes	O
,	O
hierarchies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cubes	B-Library
provides	O
basic	O
set	O
of	O
operations	O
such	O
as	O
Data	O
drilling	O
and	O
filtering	O
(	O
slicing	O
and	O
dicing	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operations	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
either	O
through	O
Python	B-Language
interface	O
or	O
through	O
a	O
light	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
called	O
Slicer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
of	O
the	O
python	B-Language
interface	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cubes	B-Library
provides	O
a	O
non-traditional	O
OLAP	B-Application
server	O
with	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
queries	O
and	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
response	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
simple	O
HTTP/JSON	O
interface	O
makes	O
it	O
very	O
easy	O
to	O
integrate	O
OLAP	B-Application
reports	O
in	O
web	O
applications	O
written	O
in	O
pure	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Slicer	O
server	O
is	O
written	O
using	O
the	O
Flask	B-Language
(	O
web	O
framework	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
built-in	O
SQL	B-Language
backend	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
provides	O
ROLAP	O
functionality	O
on	O
top	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cubes	B-Library
contains	O
a	O
SQL	B-Language
query	O
generator	O
that	O
translates	O
the	O
reporting	O
queries	O
into	O
SQL	B-Language
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
query	O
generator	O
takes	O
into	O
account	O
topology	B-Architecture
of	O
the	O
star	B-Application
or	O
snowflake	B-Language
schema	I-Language
and	O
executes	O
only	O
joins	O
that	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
retrieve	O
attributes	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
data	O
analyst	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SQL	B-Language
backend	O
uses	O
SQLAlchemy	B-Application
Python	B-Language
toolkit	O
to	O
construct	O
the	O
queries	O
.	O
</s>
