<s>
Csound	B-Application
is	O
a	O
domain-specific	B-Language
computer	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
audio	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
called	O
Csound	B-Application
because	O
it	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
predecessors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
LGPL-2.1-or-later	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
written	O
at	O
MIT	O
by	O
Barry	O
Vercoe	O
in	O
1985	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
his	O
earlier	O
system	O
called	O
Music	O
11	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
its	O
turn	O
followed	O
the	O
MUSIC-N	B-Application
model	O
initiated	O
by	O
Max	O
Mathews	O
at	O
the	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
over	O
many	O
years	O
,	O
it	O
currently	O
has	O
nearly	O
1700	O
unit	B-Application
generators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
language	O
for	O
the	O
Structured	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
extensions	O
to	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
,	O
SAOL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
takes	O
two	O
specially	O
formatted	O
text	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
as	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
processes	O
the	O
instructions	O
in	O
these	O
files	O
and	O
renders	O
an	O
audio	O
file	O
or	O
real-time	O
audio	O
stream	O
as	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
simple	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
unified	O
Csound	B-Application
data	O
file	O
which	O
produces	O
a	O
wave	O
file	O
containing	O
a	O
one-second	O
sine	O
wave	O
tone	O
of	O
1	O
kHz	O
at	O
a	O
sample	B-Algorithm
rate	I-Algorithm
of	O
96kHz	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
many	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
writing	O
long	O
programs	O
in	O
Csound	B-Application
can	O
be	O
eased	O
by	O
using	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
environment	I-Application
for	O
editing	O
,	O
previewing	O
,	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
debugging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
5.01	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2006	O
20	O
years	O
after	O
csound	B-Application
's	O
first	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
5	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
binary	O
and	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
Linux	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
and	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
from	O
the	O
SourceForge	B-Application
Csound	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
much	O
improved	O
and	O
expanded	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
software	O
,	O
effectively	O
made	O
into	O
a	O
software	B-Library
library	I-Library
with	O
an	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
front	B-Architecture
ends	I-Architecture
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
basic	O
C	B-Language
API	B-Application
,	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Lisp	B-Language
,	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
and	O
C++	B-Language
among	O
other	O
bindings	O
,	O
like	O
one	O
from	O
Haskell	B-Language
which	O
allows	O
control	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
from	O
a	O
purely	O
functional	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
plug-ins	O
allows	O
additional	O
capabilities	O
without	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
code	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
write	O
user-defined	O
opcodes	O
as	O
extensions	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LADSPA	B-Language
and	O
DSSI	B-Application
are	O
supported	O
,	O
but	O
VST	B-Application
support	O
has	O
been	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
addition	O
was	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
FLTK	B-Language
widgets	O
(	O
graphical	O
interface	O
components	O
with	O
sliders	O
,	O
knobs	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
controlling	O
real-time	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
integration	O
of	O
custom	O
graphical	O
interfaces	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
6	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
development	O
since	O
its	O
features	O
were	O
hashed	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
Conference	O
held	O
in	O
2011	O
in	O
Hanover	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
6	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2013	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
6	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
new	O
features	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
6	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bison/flex	O
based	O
parser	O
for	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
language	O
is	O
now	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
generates	O
an	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
tree	I-Data_Structure
that	O
is	O
accessible	O
via	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tree	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
compiled	O
to	O
a	O
Csound	B-Application
performance	O
runtime	O
using	O
the	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
tree	O
has	O
been	O
compiled	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
manipulated	O
by	O
user	O
code	O
before	O
compiling	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
Csound	B-Application
performance	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
could	O
create	O
the	O
entire	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
tree	I-Data_Structure
from	O
another	O
language	O
,	O
then	O
compile	O
the	O
tree	O
to	O
a	O
Csound	B-Application
performance	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
system	O
that	O
enables	O
user-defined	O
types	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
true	O
"	O
live	O
coding	O
"	O
in	O
Csound	B-Application
performances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Csound	B-Application
API	B-Application
has	O
been	O
rationalized	O
and	O
simplified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
can	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
CPUs	O
for	O
concurrent	O
processing	O
during	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
occurs	O
without	O
any	O
changes	O
to	O
Csound	B-Application
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
produces	O
substantial	O
speedups	O
of	O
most	O
Csound	B-Application
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
can	O
compile	O
orchestras	O
and	O
scores	O
directly	O
from	O
strings	O
of	O
text	O
,	O
enabling	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
in	O
environments	O
where	O
writing	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
system	O
is	O
not	O
permitted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Command-line	O
options	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
programmatically	O
using	O
the	O
Csound	B-Application
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numerous	O
duplicate	O
areas	O
of	O
code	O
within	O
Csound	B-Application
have	O
been	O
rationalized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
was	O
built	O
which	O
provides	O
user-defined	O
graphical	O
user	O
interfaces	O
and	O
JavaScript-based	O
algorithmic	O
composition	O
using	O
HTML5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
6	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
John	O
ffitch	O
,	O
Steven	O
Yi	O
and	O
Victor	O
Lazzarini	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
only	O
Csound	B-Application
score	O
or	O
note	O
events	O
can	O
be	O
generated	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
instruments	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
only	O
definable	O
at	O
compile	O
time	O
,	O
when	O
csound	B-Application
first	O
starts	O
;	O
in	O
Csound	B-Application
6	O
this	O
limitation	O
is	O
removed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
5	O
as	O
a	O
live	O
performance	O
tool	O
can	O
be	O
augmented	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
third-party	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
interfaces	O
to	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
script	O
Csound	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
paper	O
detailing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Csound	B-Application
with	O
Qt	O
or	O
Pure	O
Data	O
in	O
real-time	O
musical	O
synthesis	O
was	O
presented	O
at	O
the	O
2012	O
Linux	O
Audio	O
Conference	O
The	O
Ounk	O
project	O
attempts	O
to	O
integrate	O
Python	B-Language
with	O
Csound	B-Application
while	O
CsoundAC	O
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
do	O
algorithmic	O
composition	O
from	O
Python	B-Language
using	O
Csound	B-Application
as	O
backend	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audivation	O
's	O
Csound	B-Application
for	O
Live	O
packages	O
various	O
opcodes	O
into	O
Max/MSP	B-Application
wrappers	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
Ableton	B-Language
Live	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound	B-Application
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
mobile	O
systems	O
(	O
iOS	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Csound5	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
audio/music	O
development	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
OLPC	O
project	O
on	O
the	O
XO-1	B-Application
Laptop	I-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
