<s>
CryptoParty	B-Application
(	O
Crypto-Party	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
grassroots	O
global	O
endeavour	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
basics	O
of	O
practical	O
cryptography	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Tor	B-Application
anonymity	I-Application
network	I-Application
,	O
I2P	B-Protocol
,	O
Freenet	B-Protocol
,	O
key	O
signing	O
parties	O
,	O
disk	O
encryption	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
networks	I-Application
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Cypherpunks	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
was	O
conceived	O
in	O
late	O
August	O
2012	O
by	O
the	O
Australian	O
journalist	O
Asher	O
Wolf	O
in	O
a	O
Twitter	B-Application
post	O
following	O
the	O
passing	O
of	O
the	O
Cybercrime	O
Legislation	O
Amendment	O
Bill	O
2011	O
and	O
the	O
proposal	O
of	O
a	O
two-year	O
data	O
retention	O
law	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
,	O
the	O
Cybercrime	O
Legislation	O
Amendment	O
Bill	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DIY	O
,	O
self-organizing	O
movement	O
immediately	O
went	O
viral	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
dozen	O
autonomous	O
CryptoParties	B-Application
being	O
organized	O
within	O
hours	O
in	O
cities	O
throughout	O
Australia	O
,	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
and	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tor	B-Application
usage	O
in	O
Australia	O
itself	O
spiked	O
,	O
and	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
London	O
with	O
130	O
attendees	O
—	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
veterans	O
of	O
the	O
Occupy	O
London	O
movement	O
—	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
moved	O
from	O
London	O
Hackspace	O
to	O
the	O
Google	O
campus	O
in	O
east	O
London	O
's	O
Tech	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
mid-October	O
2012	O
some	O
30	O
CryptoParties	B-Application
have	O
been	O
held	O
globally	O
,	O
some	O
on	O
a	O
continuing	O
basis	O
,	O
and	O
CryptoParties	B-Application
were	O
held	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
in	O
Reykjavik	O
,	O
Brussels	O
,	O
and	O
Manila	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
draft	O
of	O
the	O
442-page	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
Handbook	O
(	O
the	O
hard	O
copy	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
at	O
cost	O
)	O
was	O
pulled	O
together	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
using	O
the	O
book	O
sprint	O
approach	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
2012-10-04	O
under	O
a	O
CC	O
BY-SA	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
Wired	O
reported	O
that	O
Edward	O
Snowden	O
,	O
while	O
employed	O
by	O
Dell	O
as	O
an	O
NSA	O
contractor	O
,	O
organized	O
a	O
local	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
at	O
a	O
small	O
hackerspace	O
in	O
Honolulu	O
,	O
Hawaii	O
on	O
December	O
11	O
,	O
six	O
months	O
before	O
becoming	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
leaking	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
secret	O
U.S.	O
government	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
,	O
Snowden	O
taught	O
20	O
Hawaii	O
residents	O
how	O
to	O
encrypt	O
their	O
hard	O
drives	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
Internet	O
anonymously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
follow-up	O
post	O
to	O
the	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
wiki	O
,	O
Snowden	O
pronounced	O
the	O
event	O
a	O
"	O
huge	O
success.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
CryptoParty	B-Application
has	O
received	O
early	O
messages	O
of	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
Electronic	O
Frontier	O
Foundation	O
and	O
(	O
purportedly	O
)	O
AnonyOps	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
NSA	O
whistleblower	O
Thomas	O
Drake	O
,	O
WikiLeaks	O
central	O
editor	O
Heather	B-Application
Marsh	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Wired	O
reporter	O
Quinn	O
Norton	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eric	O
Hughes	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
A	O
Cypherpunk	O
's	O
Manifesto	O
nearly	O
two	O
decades	O
before	O
,	O
delivered	O
the	O
keynote	O
address	O
,	O
Putting	O
the	O
Personal	O
Back	O
in	O
Personal	O
Computers	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Amsterdam	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
on	O
2012-09-27	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marcin	O
de	O
Kaminski	O
,	O
founding	O
member	O
of	O
Piratbyrån	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
founded	O
The	B-Application
Pirate	I-Application
Bay	I-Application
,	O
regards	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
as	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
civic	O
project	O
in	O
cryptography	O
today	O
,	O
and	O
Cory	O
Doctorow	O
has	O
characterized	O
a	O
CryptoParty	B-Application
as	O
being	O
"	O
like	O
a	O
Tupperware	O
party	O
for	O
learning	O
crypto.	O
"	O
</s>
