<s>
Cross-language	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
(	O
CLIR	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
subfield	O
of	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
dealing	O
with	O
retrieving	O
information	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
language	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
query	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
cross-language	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
"	O
has	O
many	O
synonyms	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
perhaps	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
:	O
cross-lingual	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
,	O
translingual	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
,	O
multilingual	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
multilingual	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
"	O
refers	O
more	O
generally	O
both	O
to	O
technology	O
for	O
retrieval	O
of	O
multilingual	O
collections	O
and	O
to	O
technology	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
moved	O
to	O
handle	O
material	O
in	O
one	O
language	O
to	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
Multilingual	B-General_Concept
Information	I-General_Concept
Retrieval	I-General_Concept
(	O
MLIR	O
)	O
involves	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
systems	O
that	O
accept	O
queries	B-Library
for	O
information	O
in	O
various	O
languages	O
and	O
return	O
objects	O
(	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
media	O
)	O
of	O
various	O
languages	O
,	O
translated	O
into	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cross-language	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
refers	O
more	O
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
case	O
where	O
users	O
formulate	O
their	O
information	O
need	O
in	O
one	O
language	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
retrieves	O
relevant	O
documents	O
in	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLIR	O
systems	O
have	O
improved	O
so	O
much	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
accurate	O
multi-lingual	O
and	O
cross-lingual	O
adhoc	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
systems	I-Library
today	O
are	O
nearly	O
as	O
effective	O
as	O
monolingual	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
related	O
information	O
access	O
tasks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
media	O
monitoring	O
,	O
information	B-Application
filtering	I-Application
and	O
routing	O
,	O
sentiment	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
information	B-General_Concept
extraction	I-General_Concept
require	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
models	O
and	O
typically	O
more	O
processing	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
information	O
items	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mostly	O
,	O
the	O
various	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
variation	O
in	O
human	O
language	O
pose	O
coverage	O
challenges	O
for	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
systems	I-Library
:	O
texts	O
in	O
a	O
collection	O
may	O
treat	O
a	O
topic	O
of	O
interest	O
but	O
use	O
terms	O
or	O
expressions	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
match	O
the	O
expression	O
of	O
information	O
need	O
given	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
true	O
even	O
in	O
a	O
mono-lingual	O
case	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
especially	O
true	O
in	O
cross-lingual	B-General_Concept
information	I-General_Concept
retrieval	I-General_Concept
,	O
where	O
users	O
may	O
know	O
the	O
target	O
language	O
only	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specific	O
technologies	O
in	O
place	O
for	O
CLIR	O
services	O
include	O
morphological	O
analysis	O
to	O
handle	O
inflection	O
,	O
decompounding	O
or	O
compound	O
splitting	O
to	O
handle	O
compound	O
terms	O
,	O
and	O
translations	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
translate	O
a	O
query	B-Library
from	O
one	O
language	O
to	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Workshops	O
have	O
been	O
held	O
yearly	O
since	O
2000	O
at	O
the	O
meetings	O
of	O
the	O
Cross	O
Language	O
Evaluation	O
Forum	O
(	O
CLEF	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
also	O
convene	O
at	O
the	O
annual	O
Text	B-Language
Retrieval	I-Language
Conference	I-Language
(	O
TREC	O
)	O
to	O
discuss	O
their	O
findings	O
regarding	O
different	O
systems	O
and	O
methods	O
of	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
,	O
and	O
the	O
conference	O
has	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
point	O
of	O
reference	O
for	O
the	O
CLIR	O
subfield	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
had	O
a	O
cross-language	B-General_Concept
search	I-General_Concept
feature	O
that	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
