<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
1996	O
platform	O
video	O
game	O
developed	O
by	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
and	O
published	O
by	O
Sony	O
Computer	O
Entertainment	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
meeting	O
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
and	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
chose	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
game	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
due	O
to	O
Sony	O
's	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
mascot	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
's	O
main	O
character	O
was	O
tentatively	O
named	O
"	O
Willy	O
the	O
Wombat	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
and	O
cartoonists	O
Joe	O
Pearson	O
and	O
Charles	O
Zembillas	O
were	O
hired	O
to	O
help	O
create	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
characters	O
and	O
story	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
named	O
for	O
his	O
habitual	O
destruction	O
of	O
crates	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
alleviate	O
emptiness	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
released	O
to	O
generally	O
positive	O
reviews	O
from	O
critics	O
,	O
who	O
praised	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
graphics	O
,	O
presentation	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
difficulty	O
level	O
and	O
title	O
character	O
,	O
but	O
criticized	O
its	O
linearity	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
innovation	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
sell	O
over	O
6	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best-selling	B-Device
PlayStation	I-Device
games	I-Device
and	O
the	O
highest	O
selling	O
ranked	O
on	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
became	O
the	O
first	O
installment	O
in	O
an	O
eponymous	B-Application
series	I-Application
of	I-Application
games	I-Application
that	O
would	O
achieve	O
critical	O
and	O
commercial	O
success	O
and	O
establish	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
's	O
reputation	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
remastered	O
version	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
N	I-Application
.	I-Application
Sane	I-Application
Trilogy	I-Application
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
is	O
a	O
platform	O
game	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
player	O
controls	O
the	O
titular	O
character	O
Crash	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
tasked	O
with	O
traversing	O
32	O
levels	O
to	O
defeat	O
Doctor	O
Neo	O
Cortex	O
and	O
rescue	O
Tawna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jumping	O
on	O
red	O
TNT	B-Protocol
crates	O
triggers	O
a	O
three-second	O
timer	O
that	O
culminates	O
in	O
an	O
explosion	O
,	O
while	O
spinning	O
into	O
them	O
causes	O
an	O
immediate	O
detonation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brio	O
's	O
bonus	O
rounds	O
are	O
more	O
difficult	O
,	O
featuring	O
more	O
TNT	B-Protocol
crates	O
and	O
requiring	O
more	O
precise	O
jumps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
year	O
's	O
Winter	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
founders	O
Andy	O
Gavin	O
and	O
Jason	O
Rubin	O
displayed	O
their	O
latest	O
game	O
Way	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Warrior	I-Application
(	O
1994	O
)	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
a	O
publisher	O
;	O
by	O
chance	O
,	O
their	O
booth	O
was	O
situated	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
,	O
where	O
Mark	O
Cerny	O
and	O
Rob	O
Biniaz	O
served	O
as	O
its	O
representatives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bidding	O
war	O
broke	O
out	O
between	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
,	O
The	O
3DO	B-Device
Company	O
,	O
and	O
Crystal	O
Dynamics	O
;	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
won	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
publishing	O
rights	O
by	O
offering	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
a	O
place	O
on	O
their	O
lot	O
and	O
funding	O
for	O
three	O
additional	O
games	O
,	O
over	O
which	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
would	O
have	O
creative	O
freedom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
initially	O
considered	O
a	O
3D	O
beat	B-Application
'	I-Application
em	I-Application
up	I-Application
based	O
on	O
Final	B-Application
Fight	I-Application
(	O
1989	O
)	O
before	O
recognizing	O
that	O
their	O
favorite	O
video	O
game	O
genre	O
,	O
the	O
character-based	O
action-platform	O
game	O
,	O
had	O
no	O
3D	O
games	O
at	O
this	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pair	O
were	O
especially	O
fond	O
of	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
Country	I-Application
(	O
1994	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
wondered	O
how	O
such	O
a	O
game	O
could	O
function	O
in	O
three	O
dimensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deciding	O
that	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
,	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
,	O
Sega	B-Device
32X	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
were	O
unsatisfactory	O
options	O
due	O
to	O
poor	O
sales	O
and	O
development	O
units	O
they	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
clunky	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
ultimately	O
chose	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
game	O
for	O
Sony	O
's	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
considering	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
console	O
"	O
sexy	O
"	O
and	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
lack	O
of	O
an	O
existing	O
competing	O
mascot	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
signing	O
a	O
developer	O
agreement	O
with	O
Sony	O
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
paid	O
$	O
35,000	O
for	O
a	O
PlayStation	B-Device
development	O
unit	O
and	O
received	O
the	O
unit	O
in	O
September	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rubin	O
and	O
Gavin	O
were	O
the	O
44th	O
and	O
45th	O
individual	O
developers	O
to	O
sign	O
onto	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
and	O
according	O
to	O
Rubin	O
's	O
approximation	O
,	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
the	O
30th	O
game	O
to	O
begin	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
purchased	O
a	O
field	O
guide	O
on	O
Tasmanian	O
mammals	O
and	O
selected	O
the	O
wombat	B-Operating_System
,	O
potoroo	O
,	O
and	O
bandicoot	O
as	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gavin	O
and	O
Rubin	O
went	O
with	O
"	O
Willy	O
the	O
Wombat	B-Operating_System
"	O
as	O
a	O
temporary	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
starring	O
character	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
never	O
intended	O
the	O
name	O
to	O
be	O
final	O
due	O
both	O
to	O
the	O
name	O
sounding	O
"	O
too	O
dorky	O
"	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
non-video	O
game	O
property	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
;	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
Hudson	O
Soft	O
for	O
its	O
Japan-exclusive	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
role-playing	O
game	O
Willy	O
Wombat	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
character	O
was	O
effectively	O
a	O
bandicoot	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
still	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Willy	O
the	O
Wombat	B-Operating_System
"	O
as	O
a	O
final	O
name	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
formulated	O
yet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rubin	O
,	O
having	O
become	O
fond	O
of	O
the	O
animated	O
television	O
series	O
Pinky	O
and	O
the	O
Brain	O
(	O
1995	O
—	O
98	O
)	O
,	O
imagined	O
a	O
more	O
malevolent	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Brain	O
with	O
minions	O
resembling	O
the	O
weasel	O
characters	O
in	O
Who	B-Application
Framed	I-Application
Roger	I-Application
Rabbit	I-Application
(	O
1988	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
their	O
previous	O
experience	O
with	O
Way	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Warrior	I-Application
,	O
Gavin	O
and	O
Rubin	O
recognized	O
that	O
a	O
larger	O
development	O
team	O
would	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
new	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
they	O
settled	O
into	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
's	O
back	O
lot	O
,	O
Gavin	O
,	O
Rubin	O
and	O
Baggett	O
befriended	O
Taylor	O
Kurosaki	O
,	O
a	O
visual	O
effects	O
artist	O
who	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
television	O
series	O
seaQuest	B-Application
DSV	I-Application
(	O
1993	O
—	O
96	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
building	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kurosaki	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
using	O
LightWave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
in	O
his	O
work	O
,	O
was	O
attracted	O
by	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
learn	O
and	O
use	O
PowerAnimator	B-Device
,	O
and	O
became	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
's	O
next	O
employee	O
on	O
January	O
5	O
,	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Pearson	O
drew	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Crash	O
that	O
was	O
leaner	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
larger	O
nose	O
and	O
wore	O
a	O
Zorro-like	O
mask	O
,	O
Zembillas	O
began	O
drawing	O
Crash	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
little	O
more	O
manic	O
and	O
insane	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	O
was	O
not	O
given	O
a	O
tail	O
or	O
any	O
flappy	O
straps	O
of	O
clothing	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
inability	O
to	O
properly	O
display	O
such	O
pixels	O
without	O
flickering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gavin	O
and	O
Rubin	O
described	O
Cortex	O
to	O
Zembillas	O
as	O
"[having]	O
a	O
huge	O
head	O
but	O
a	O
tiny	O
body	O
,	O
he	O
's	O
a	O
mad	O
scientist	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
dresses	O
a	O
bit	O
like	O
a	O
Nazi	O
from	O
The	B-Application
Jetsons	I-Application
(	O
1962	O
—	O
63	O
)	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aku	O
Aku	O
was	O
originally	O
conceived	O
as	O
an	O
elderly	O
human	O
character	O
who	O
communicated	O
through	O
mumbles	O
only	O
intelligible	O
to	O
Crash	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
dynamic	O
between	O
C-3PO	O
and	O
R2-D2	O
of	O
the	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
franchise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pinstripe	O
Potoroo	O
and	O
Tawna	O
(	O
originally	O
named	O
"	O
Karmen	O
"	O
)	O
were	O
respectively	O
inspired	O
by	O
The	B-Application
Godfather	I-Application
(	O
1972	O
)	O
and	O
actress	O
Pamela	O
Anderson	O
,	O
though	O
Tawna	O
's	O
design	O
was	O
scaled	O
back	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
provocative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Production	O
on	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
used	O
$	O
100,000	O
Silicon	O
Graphics-based	O
workstations	B-Device
with	O
an	O
IRIX-based	O
tool	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
rather	O
than	O
the	O
$	O
3,000	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
that	O
were	O
the	O
standard	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
had	O
a	O
512	O
×	O
240	O
video	O
mode	O
which	O
used	O
video	O
memory	O
normally	O
reserved	O
for	O
textures	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
also	O
efficient	O
in	O
rendering	O
shaded	O
polygons	O
without	O
texture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
polygon	O
counts	O
were	O
emphasized	O
over	O
textures	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
the	O
programmers	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
lack	O
of	O
texture	O
correction	O
or	O
polygon	O
clipping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
make	O
the	O
game	O
look	O
like	O
an	O
animated	O
cartoon	O
,	O
vertex	O
animation	O
was	O
implemented	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
standard	O
skeletal	O
animation	O
with	O
"	O
one-joint	O
"	O
weighting	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
programmers	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
three-to-four-joint	O
weighting	O
available	O
in	O
PowerAnimator	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
was	O
unable	O
to	O
calculate	O
this	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
each	O
vertex	O
was	O
stored	O
in	O
each	O
frame	O
at	O
30	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gavin	O
,	O
Baggett	O
,	O
and	O
Cerny	O
attempted	O
to	O
invent	O
a	O
compressor	O
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
this	O
manner	O
of	O
animation	O
;	O
Cerny	O
's	O
version	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
most	O
complicated	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
obtain	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
vast	O
and	O
detailed	O
graphics	O
,	O
Rubin	O
,	O
Gavin	O
,	O
and	O
Baggett	O
researched	O
visibility	O
calculation	O
in	O
video	O
games	O
that	O
followed	O
Doom	B-Application
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
extending	O
the	O
visibility	O
precomputations	O
would	O
allow	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
render	O
a	O
larger	O
number	O
of	O
polygons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
level	O
in	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
contains	O
six	O
to	O
eight	O
megabytes	O
of	O
textures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Baggett	O
created	O
two-way	O
compressors	O
that	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
128-megabyte	O
levels	O
down	O
to	O
12	O
megabytes	O
and	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
two-megabyte	O
random	O
access	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
levels	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
so	O
large	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
test	O
level	O
created	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
loaded	O
into	O
PowerAnimator	B-Device
and	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
cut	O
up	O
into	O
sixteen	O
pieces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
remedy	O
the	O
situation	O
,	O
Baggett	O
created	O
the	O
DLE	O
(	O
"	O
Dave	O
's	O
Level	O
Editor	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
level	O
design	O
tool	O
with	O
which	O
RGB	O
values	O
from	O
a	O
top-down	O
map	O
of	O
a	O
level	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
assemble	O
level	O
environments	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
succession	O
of	O
ten	O
to	O
fifteen	O
layers	O
from	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
indicating	O
how	O
the	O
level	O
's	O
portions	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
combined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hand-drawn	O
cutscenes	O
were	O
dropped	O
after	O
Sony	O
Computer	O
Entertainment	O
picked	O
up	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
for	O
publication	O
,	O
as	O
Sony	O
desired	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
3D	O
polygonal	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cutscenes	O
were	O
uploaded	O
to	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
by	O
Siller	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Naughty	O
Dog	O
made	O
the	O
early	O
decision	O
to	O
design	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
as	O
a	O
classic	O
action-based	O
platform	O
game	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
an	O
open-world	O
exploration-based	O
game	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
fully	O
render	O
its	O
environments	O
in	O
three	O
dimensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
code	O
the	O
characters	O
and	O
gameplay	O
,	O
Gavin	O
and	O
Baggett	O
created	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
"	O
Game-Oriented	O
Object	O
LISP	B-Language
"	O
(	O
GOOL	O
)	O
using	O
LISP	B-Language
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
two	O
functional	O
levels	O
,	O
"	O
Heavy	O
Machinery	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Generator	O
Room	O
"	O
,	O
utilized	O
2.5D	O
gameplay	O
and	O
featured	O
basic	O
techniques	O
previously	O
used	O
in	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
Country	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
steam	O
vents	O
,	O
drop	O
platforms	O
,	O
bouncy	O
pads	O
,	O
heated	O
pipes	O
and	O
enemy	O
characters	O
that	O
would	O
move	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
,	O
all	O
arranged	O
in	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
combinations	O
as	O
the	O
level	O
progresses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
developing	O
the	O
core	O
gameplay	O
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
realized	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
empty	O
areas	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
inability	O
to	O
generate	O
multiple	O
enemies	O
on-screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gavin	O
coded	O
the	O
crates	O
while	O
Rubin	O
modeled	O
some	O
basic	O
crates	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
exploding	O
TNT	B-Protocol
crate	O
and	O
drew	O
quick	O
textures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
levels	O
he	O
created	O
was	O
"	O
Stormy	B-Application
Ascent	I-Application
"	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
roughly	O
four	O
times	O
longer	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Stormy	B-Application
Ascent	I-Application
was	O
fully	O
playable	O
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
deemed	O
the	O
level	O
too	O
difficult	O
and	O
lacked	O
time	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
,	O
and	O
decided	O
to	O
cut	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
game	O
before	O
submitting	O
the	O
gold	O
master	O
to	O
Sony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
removing	O
the	O
level	O
completely	O
was	O
considered	O
too	O
risky	O
,	O
Stormy	B-Application
Ascent	I-Application
was	O
left	O
hidden	O
within	O
the	O
disc	O
and	O
accessible	O
to	O
play	O
via	O
GameShark	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stormy	B-Application
Ascent	I-Application
was	O
later	O
recreated	O
by	O
Vicarious	O
Visions	O
and	O
released	O
as	O
downloadable	B-Protocol
content	I-Protocol
for	O
the	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
N	I-Application
.	I-Application
Sane	I-Application
Trilogy	I-Application
on	O
July	O
20	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
music	O
for	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
a	O
last-minute	O
aspect	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
before	O
its	O
showing	O
at	O
E3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
1995	O
,	O
Andy	O
Gavin	O
and	O
Taylor	O
Kurosaki	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
latter	O
's	O
connections	O
to	O
the	O
seaQuest	B-Application
DSV	I-Application
crew	O
,	O
spent	O
two	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
 '	O
editing	O
bay	O
creating	O
a	O
two-minute	O
demo	O
film	O
and	O
gave	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
friend	O
who	O
would	O
show	O
it	O
to	O
Sony	O
Computer	O
Entertainment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
preparing	O
for	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
demonstration	O
at	O
the	O
1996	O
E3	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
decided	O
to	O
finally	O
rename	O
the	O
title	O
character	O
"	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
"	O
,	O
a	O
name	O
credited	O
to	O
Kurosaki	O
and	O
Dave	O
Baggett	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
retain	O
the	O
"	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
"	O
name	O
after	O
threatening	O
to	O
leave	O
production	O
,	O
they	O
chose	O
to	O
omit	O
Tawna	O
from	O
subsequent	O
entries	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
based	O
both	O
on	O
this	O
experience	O
and	O
to	O
appease	O
the	O
desire	O
of	O
Sony	O
's	O
Japanese	O
marketing	O
team	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
girlish	O
female	O
supporting	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
Interactive	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
take	O
credit	O
for	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
,	O
notified	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
allowed	O
to	O
attend	O
E3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
provocation	O
,	O
Jason	O
Rubin	O
drafted	O
and	O
printed	O
1,000	O
copies	O
of	O
a	O
document	O
entitled	O
"	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
,	O
creator	O
and	O
developer	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
"	O
to	O
hand	O
out	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
display	O
at	O
E3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
first	O
shown	O
at	O
E3	O
in	O
May	O
1996	O
and	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
enthusiastic	O
reactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
displayed	O
at	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
Sony	O
's	O
booth	O
at	O
E3	O
,	O
replacing	O
their	O
original	O
choice	O
of	O
Twisted	B-Application
Metal	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ami	O
Matsumura-Blaire	O
of	O
Sony	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
marketing	O
manager	O
for	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
and	O
worked	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Erik	O
Moe	O
and	O
Chris	O
Graves	O
of	O
TBWA	O
\Chiat\Day	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moe	O
and	O
Graves	O
,	O
recognizing	O
that	O
Sony	O
sought	O
to	O
establish	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
challenger	O
to	O
Nintendo	O
,	O
conceived	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
inspiring	O
a	O
crazed	O
fan	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
Crash	O
outfit	O
and	O
harass	O
Mario	B-Application
from	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
parking	O
lot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
spanned	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
18	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
preparation	O
for	O
presenting	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
to	O
Sony	O
's	O
Japanese	O
division	O
,	O
Gavin	O
spent	O
a	O
month	O
studying	O
anime	O
and	O
manga	O
,	O
reading	O
English-language	O
books	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
watching	O
Japanese	O
films	O
and	O
observing	O
competitive	O
characters	O
in	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
's	O
first	O
meeting	O
with	O
the	O
executives	O
of	O
Sony	O
Computer	O
Entertainment	O
Japan	O
,	O
the	O
executives	O
handed	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
a	O
document	O
that	O
compared	O
Crash	O
with	O
Mario	B-Application
and	O
Nights	B-Application
into	I-Application
Dreams	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Japanese	O
version	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
made	O
easier	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
release	O
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
Japanese	O
PlayStation	B-Device
market	O
's	O
preference	O
for	O
lower	O
difficulty	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Japanese	O
television	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
for	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
included	O
a	O
dance	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
costumed	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
mascot	O
;	O
the	O
dance	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Sony	O
Japan	O
's	O
marketing	O
manager	O
Megumi	O
Hosoya	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advertisement	O
's	O
background	O
music	O
became	O
the	O
opening	O
theme	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	O
versions	O
of	O
subsequent	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
games	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
campaign	O
influenced	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
to	O
incorporate	O
the	O
dance	O
into	O
the	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
on	O
December	O
9	O
,	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
received	O
generally	O
favorable	O
reviews	O
from	O
critics	O
,	O
with	O
Electronic	O
Gaming	O
Monthly	O
and	O
GameFan	O
rewarding	O
it	O
the	O
"	O
Game	O
of	O
the	O
Month	O
"	O
title	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reviewers	O
widely	O
considered	O
the	O
gameplay	O
to	O
be	O
standard	O
for	O
its	O
genre	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
nevertheless	O
regarded	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
enjoyable	O
and	O
polished	O
;	O
E	O
.	O
Storm	O
of	O
GameFan	O
,	O
who	O
gave	O
both	O
the	O
game	O
and	O
its	O
competitor	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
perfect	O
scores	O
,	O
determined	O
that	O
"	O
Mario	B-Application
64	I-Application
is	O
a	O
perfect	O
action/adventure	O
and	O
that	O
Crash	O
is	O
a	O
perfect	O
action/platform	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reviewer	O
for	O
Official	O
UK	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Magazine	O
considered	O
the	O
save	O
points	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
a	O
little	O
misplaced	O
"	O
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
island	O
in	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
save	O
point	O
for	O
three	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
visuals	O
were	O
singled	O
out	O
for	O
praise	O
,	O
with	O
critics	O
declaring	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
yet	O
seen	O
on	O
a	O
fifth-generation	B-Application
console	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particular	O
notice	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
Gouraud	B-Algorithm
shaded	I-Algorithm
textures	O
,	O
colorful	O
and	O
detailed	O
backgrounds	O
,	O
lighting	O
and	O
shadows	O
,	O
smooth	O
animation	O
,	O
and	O
special	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
flames	O
and	O
water	O
transparency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E	O
.	O
Storm	O
praised	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
soundtrack	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
"	O
When	O
you	O
hop	O
on	O
the	O
hog	O
you	O
'll	O
wanna	O
squeal	O
"	O
yee-haw	O
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Jim	O
Sterling	O
of	O
Destructoid	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
game	O
has	O
aged	O
poorly	O
since	O
its	O
initial	O
release	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
DualShock	B-Device
thumbsticks	O
,	O
a	O
poor	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
substandard	O
jumping	O
and	O
spinning	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
was	O
the	O
second-highest	O
renting	O
PlayStation	B-Device
title	O
at	O
Blockbuster	O
Video	O
in	O
its	O
opening	O
month	O
before	O
topping	O
the	O
chart	O
the	O
following	O
month	O
and	O
staying	O
within	O
the	O
top	O
ten	O
for	O
two	O
subsequent	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
sold	O
over	O
units	O
worldwide	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
including	O
640,000	O
copies	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Europe	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
fourth	O
and	O
fifth	O
best-selling	O
PlayStation	B-Device
game	B-Application
of	I-Application
1996	I-Application
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Europe	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
1997	O
,	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
became	O
the	O
first	O
non-Japanese	O
game	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
"	O
Gold	O
Prize	O
"	O
in	O
Japan	O
for	O
sales	O
of	O
over	O
500,000	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
September	O
1997	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
inducted	O
into	O
the	O
Greatest	B-Device
Hits	I-Device
budget	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
continued	O
through	O
1998	O
:	O
PC	O
Data	O
tracked	O
771,809	O
domestic	O
sales	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
for	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
which	O
drew	O
$16	O
million	O
in	O
revenue	O
and	O
made	O
it	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
 '	O
10th-best-selling	O
PlayStation	B-Device
release	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
spent	O
nearly	O
two	O
years	O
on	O
the	O
NPD	O
TRSTS	O
top	O
20	O
PlayStation	B-Device
sales	O
charts	O
before	O
finally	O
dropping	O
off	O
in	O
September	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
1999	O
Milia	O
festival	O
in	O
Cannes	O
,	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
took	O
home	O
a	O
"	O
Gold	O
"	O
prize	O
for	O
revenues	O
above	O
€17	O
million	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
during	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
February	O
1999	O
,	O
4.49	O
million	O
copies	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
had	O
been	O
shipped	O
to	O
retailers	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
November	O
2003	O
,	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
has	O
sold	O
over	O
6.8	O
million	O
units	O
worldwide	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	B-Device
selling	I-Device
PlayStation	I-Device
video	I-Device
games	I-Device
of	I-Device
all	I-Device
time	I-Device
and	O
the	O
highest	O
selling	O
ranked	O
on	O
sales	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
,	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
two	O
sequels	O
,	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Cortex	I-Application
Strikes	I-Application
Back	I-Application
(	O
1997	O
)	O
and	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
:	I-Application
Warped	I-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
kart	O
racing	O
game	O
Crash	B-Application
Team	I-Application
Racing	I-Application
(	O
1999	O
)	O
,	O
all	O
to	O
critical	O
acclaim	O
and	O
commercial	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
series	O
established	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
's	O
reputation	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
found	O
further	O
success	O
with	O
the	O
Jak	B-Application
and	I-Application
Daxter	I-Application
,	O
Uncharted	B-Application
and	O
The	B-Application
Last	I-Application
of	I-Application
Us	I-Application
series	O
;	O
Naughty	O
Dog	O
later	O
recreated	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
within	O
its	O
2016	O
title	O
Uncharted	B-Application
4	I-Application
:	I-Application
A	I-Application
Thief	I-Application
's	I-Application
End	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
publishing	O
deal	O
between	O
Universal	O
Interactive	O
and	O
Sony	O
ended	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
several	O
more	O
games	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
series	O
by	O
different	O
developers	O
,	O
which	O
received	O
mixed	O
reviews.Crash	O
Bandicoot	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Network	I-Device
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
on	O
December	O
4	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Europe	O
on	O
June	O
22	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
E3	O
2016	O
,	O
Sony	O
announced	O
that	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
 '	O
20th	O
anniversary	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
series	O
would	O
be	O
remastered	O
by	O
Vicarious	O
Visions	O
in	O
a	O
compilation	O
titled	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
N	I-Application
.	I-Application
Sane	I-Application
Trilogy	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
PlayStation	I-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dark	O
Horse	O
Books	O
reprinted	O
the	O
original	O
developer	O
's	O
bible	O
for	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
as	O
a	O
hardcover	O
publication	O
titled	O
The	O
Crash	B-Application
Bandicoot	I-Application
Files	O
:	O
How	O
Willy	O
the	O
Wombat	B-Operating_System
Sparked	O
Marsupial	O
Mania''	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
27	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
