<s>
A	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
(	O
CKP	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
electronic	O
device	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
internal	O
combustion	O
engine	O
,	O
both	O
petrol	O
and	O
diesel	O
,	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
position	O
or	O
rotational	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
crankshaft	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
engine	B-Device
management	I-Device
systems	I-Device
to	O
control	O
the	O
fuel	O
injection	O
or	O
the	O
ignition	O
system	O
timing	O
and	O
other	O
engine	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
electronic	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
were	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
distributor	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
manually	O
adjusted	O
to	O
a	O
timing	O
mark	O
on	O
petrol	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
camshaft	B-Application
position	O
sensor	O
(	O
CMP	O
)	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
pistons	B-Device
and	O
valves	O
in	O
the	O
engine	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
particularly	O
important	O
in	O
engines	O
with	O
variable	O
valve	O
timing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
mounting	O
locations	O
include	O
the	O
main	O
crank	O
pulley	O
,	O
the	O
flywheel	O
,	O
the	O
camshaft	B-Application
or	O
on	O
the	O
crankshaft	B-Language
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
sensor	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
important	O
sensors	O
in	O
modern-day	O
engines	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
camshaft	B-Application
position	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
fuel	O
injection	O
(	O
diesel	O
engines	O
)	O
or	O
spark	O
ignition	O
(	O
petrol	O
engines	O
)	O
is	O
usually	O
timed	O
from	O
the	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
position	O
signal	O
,	O
failing	O
sensor	O
will	O
cause	O
an	O
engine	O
not	O
to	O
start	O
or	O
will	O
cut	O
out	O
while	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
sensors	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
:	O
the	O
inductive	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
Hall	B-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
magnetoresistive	O
sensor	O
,	O
and	O
optical	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inductive	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
have	O
the	O
simplest	O
construction	O
and	O
are	O
usually	O
purely	O
passive	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hall	O
effect	O
and	O
magnetoresistive	O
sensors	O
have	O
the	O
advantage	O
over	O
inductive	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
in	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
detect	O
static	O
(	O
non-changing	O
)	O
magnetic	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
engines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GM	O
's	O
Premium	O
V	O
family	O
,	O
use	O
crank	B-Algorithm
position	I-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
which	O
read	O
a	O
reluctor	O
ring	O
integral	O
to	O
the	O
harmonic	O
balancer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
accurate	O
method	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
crankshaft	B-Language
and	O
allows	O
the	O
computer	O
to	O
determine	O
,	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
degrees	O
,	O
the	O
exact	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
crankshaft	B-Language
(	O
and	O
thereby	O
all	O
connected	O
components	O
)	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
functional	O
objective	O
for	O
the	O
crankshaft	B-Algorithm
position	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
position	O
and/or	O
rotational	O
speed	O
(	O
RPM	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
crank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Engine	B-Device
Control	I-Device
Units	I-Device
use	O
the	O
information	O
transmitted	O
by	O
the	O
sensor	O
to	O
control	O
parameters	O
such	O
as	O
ignition	O
timing	O
and	O
fuel	O
injection	O
timing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
likely	O
cause	O
of	O
crankshaft	B-Algorithm
position	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
failure	O
is	O
exposure	O
to	O
extreme	O
heat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
are	O
vibration	O
causing	O
a	O
wire	O
to	O
fracture	B-Application
or	O
corrosion	O
on	O
the	O
pins	O
of	O
harness	O
connectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
modern	O
crankshaft	B-Language
sensors	O
are	O
sealed	O
units	O
and	O
therefore	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
damaged	O
by	O
water	O
or	O
other	O
fluids	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bad	O
crank	B-Algorithm
position	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
can	O
worsen	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
engine	O
idles	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
acceleration	O
behaviour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
engine	O
is	O
revved	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
bad	O
or	O
faulty	O
sensor	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
cause	O
misfiring	O
,	O
motor	O
vibration	O
or	O
backfires	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
sign	O
of	O
crankshaft	B-Language
sensor	O
failure	O
,	O
usually	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
refusal	O
of	O
the	O
engine	O
to	O
start	O
when	O
hot	O
but	O
will	O
start	O
again	O
once	O
the	O
engine	O
has	O
cooled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
detail	O
of	O
some	O
designs	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
three-wire	O
"	O
inductive	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
whereby	O
the	O
third	O
wire	O
is	O
actually	O
just	O
a	O
co-axial	O
shield	O
around	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
sensor	O
wires	O
to	O
prevent	O
them	O
from	O
picking	O
up	O
stray	O
electrical	O
pulses	O
from	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
vehicle	O
engine	O
bay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
type	O
of	O
crank	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
used	O
on	O
bicycles	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
crankset	O
,	O
usually	O
for	O
the	O
cadence	O
readout	O
of	O
a	O
cyclocomputer	O
.	O
</s>
