<s>
CranID	B-Application
was	O
created	O
in	O
1992	O
by	O
anthropologist	O
Richard	O
Wright	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Sydney	O
to	O
infer	O
the	O
probable	O
geographic	O
origin	O
of	O
unknown	O
crania	O
that	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
archaeological	O
,	O
forensic	O
and	O
repatriation	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CranID	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	O
software	O
program	O
that	O
utilizes	O
multivariate	O
linear	B-General_Concept
discriminant	I-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
and	O
nearest	O
neighbor	O
discriminant	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
29	O
cranial	O
measurements	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
geographic	O
origin	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
infer	O
the	O
ancestry	O
of	O
an	O
unknown	O
cranium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CranID	B-Application
compares	O
an	O
unknown	O
cranium	O
with	O
74	O
geographic	O
samples	O
,	O
from	O
3,163	O
crania	O
from	O
39	O
different	O
populations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
cranID	B-Application
runs	O
under	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
downloading	O
,	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
folder	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
C:\cranID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
biological	O
profile	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
personal	O
identification	O
of	O
skeletal	O
remains	O
from	O
crime	B-Application
scenes	I-Application
,	O
car	O
and	O
plane	O
accidents	O
,	O
and	O
mass	O
disasters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
maker	O
of	O
CranID	B-Application
does	O
not	O
explicitly	O
state	O
that	O
this	O
program	O
can	O
infer	O
‘	O
race’	O
,	O
many	O
forensic	O
anthropologists	O
use	O
this	O
program	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
like	O
it	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
race	O
of	O
an	O
unknown	O
individual	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
many	O
biological	O
anthropologists	O
have	O
criticized	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
concept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
conducted	O
on	O
the	O
CranID	B-Application
program	O
found	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
program	O
is	O
"	O
supposed	O
to	O
allocate	O
an	O
individual	O
skull	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
population	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
‘	O
major	O
race’	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
program	O
did	O
not	O
generate	O
persuasive	O
allocations	O
of	O
individual	O
crania	O
to	O
a	O
geographical	O
population	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Measurements	O
between	O
researchers	O
can	O
vary	O
substantially	O
in	O
size	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
degree	O
of	O
variation	O
in	O
measurements	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
striking	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
CranID	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
this	O
potential	O
error	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
CranID	B-Application
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
when	O
assessing	O
how	O
accurate	O
any	O
findings	O
formed	O
by	O
CranID	B-Application
are	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
combined	O
data	O
set	O
that	O
CranID	B-Application
utilizes	O
includes	O
many	O
geographical	O
regions	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
many	O
regions	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
accounted	O
for	O
in	O
this	O
data	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Fenja	O
Theden-Ringl	O
and	O
colleagues	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CranID	B-Application
and	O
another	O
forensic	O
anthropology	O
software	O
program	O
,	O
FORDISC	B-Application
,	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
place	O
skeletal	O
remains	O
from	O
two	O
site	O
found	O
in	O
Arnhem	O
Land	O
,	O
Northern	O
Territory	O
of	O
Australia	O
.	O
</s>
