<s>
DALL-E	O
(	O
stylized	O
as	O
DALL·E	O
)	O
and	O
DALL-E	O
2	O
are	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
models	O
developed	O
by	O
OpenAI	O
to	O
generate	O
digital	O
images	O
from	O
natural	O
language	O
descriptions	O
,	O
called	O
"	O
prompts	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DALL-E	O
was	O
revealed	O
by	O
OpenAI	O
in	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
in	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
GPT-3	B-General_Concept
modified	O
to	O
generate	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
November	O
2022	O
,	O
OpenAI	O
released	O
DALL-E	O
2	O
as	O
an	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
model	O
into	O
their	O
own	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
unveiled	O
their	O
implementation	O
of	O
DALL-E	O
2	O
in	O
their	O
Designer	O
app	O
and	O
Image	O
Creator	O
tool	O
included	O
in	O
Bing	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CALA	O
and	O
Mixtiles	O
are	O
among	O
other	O
early	O
adopters	O
of	O
the	O
DALL-E	O
2	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
API	B-General_Concept
operates	O
on	O
a	O
cost	O
per	O
image	O
basis	O
,	O
with	O
prices	O
varying	O
depending	O
on	O
image	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Generative	O
Pre-trained	O
Transformer	B-Algorithm
(	O
GPT	O
)	O
model	O
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
by	O
OpenAI	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
Transformer	B-Algorithm
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
iteration	O
,	O
GPT	O
,	O
was	O
scaled	O
up	O
to	O
produce	O
GPT-2	B-General_Concept
in	O
2019	O
;	O
in	O
2020	O
it	O
was	O
scaled	O
up	O
again	O
to	O
produce	O
GPT-3	B-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
175	O
billion	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DALL-E	O
'	O
s	O
model	O
is	O
a	O
multimodal	O
implementation	O
of	O
GPT-3	B-General_Concept
with	O
12	O
billion	O
parameters	O
which	O
"	O
swaps	O
text	O
for	O
pixels	O
"	O
,	O
trained	O
on	O
text-image	O
pairs	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CLIP	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
zero-shot	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
that	O
was	O
trained	O
on	O
400	O
million	O
pairs	O
of	O
images	O
with	O
text	O
captions	O
scraped	B-Application
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DALL-E	O
2	O
uses	O
a	O
diffusion	B-Algorithm
model	I-Algorithm
conditioned	O
on	O
CLIP	O
image	O
embeddings	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
during	O
inference	O
,	O
are	O
generated	O
from	O
CLIP	O
text	O
embeddings	O
by	O
a	O
prior	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DALL-E	O
can	O
generate	O
imagery	O
in	O
multiple	O
styles	O
,	O
including	O
photorealistic	O
imagery	O
,	O
paintings	O
,	O
and	O
emoji	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
concern	O
about	O
DALL-E	O
2	O
and	O
similar	O
image	O
generation	O
models	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
propagate	O
deepfakes	B-Application
and	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
misinformation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Engadget	B-Application
also	O
noted	O
its	O
unusual	O
capacity	O
for	O
"	O
understanding	O
how	O
telephones	O
and	O
other	O
objects	O
change	O
over	O
time	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
MIT	O
Technology	O
Review	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
OpenAI	O
's	O
objectives	O
was	O
to	O
"	O
give	O
language	B-Language
models	I-Language
a	O
better	O
grasp	O
of	O
the	O
everyday	O
concepts	O
that	O
humans	O
use	O
to	O
make	O
sense	O
of	O
things	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-driven	O
image	O
generation	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
by	O
artists	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
trained	O
on	O
human-made	O
art	O
scraped	B-Application
from	O
the	O
web.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
several	O
attempts	O
to	O
create	O
open-source	B-License
implementations	O
of	O
DALL-E	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
2022	O
on	O
Hugging	B-Application
Face	I-Application
's	O
Spaces	O
platform	O
,	O
Craiyon	B-General_Concept
(	O
formerly	O
DALL-E	O
Mini	O
until	O
a	O
name	O
change	O
was	O
requested	O
by	O
OpenAI	O
in	O
June	O
2022	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
AI	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
DALL-E	O
that	O
was	O
trained	O
on	O
unfiltered	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
