<s>
Convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
sensory	O
and	O
neuromuscular	O
anomaly	O
of	O
the	O
binocular	B-Algorithm
vision	I-Algorithm
system	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
reduced	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
eyes	O
to	O
turn	O
towards	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
or	O
sustain	O
convergence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
symptoms	O
and	O
signs	O
associated	O
with	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
are	O
related	O
to	O
prolonged	O
,	O
visually	O
demanding	O
,	O
near-centered	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Diagnosis	O
of	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
made	O
by	O
an	O
eye	O
care	O
professional	O
skilled	O
in	O
binocular	B-Algorithm
vision	I-Algorithm
dysfunctions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
orthoptist	O
,	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
any	O
organic	O
disease	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
diagnostic	O
findings	O
:	O
patient	O
symptoms	O
,	O
high	O
exophoria	O
at	O
near	O
,	O
reduced	O
accommodative	O
convergence/accommodation	O
ratio	O
,	O
receded	O
near	O
point	O
of	O
convergence	O
,	O
and	O
low	O
fusional	O
vergence	O
ranges	O
and/or	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
patients	O
with	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
have	O
concurrent	O
accommodative	O
insufficiency	O
—	O
accommodative	O
amplitudes	O
should	O
therefore	O
also	O
be	O
measured	O
in	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
can	O
cause	O
difficulty	O
learning	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
convergence	O
exercises	O
prescribed	O
by	O
an	O
eyecare	O
specialist	O
trained	O
in	O
orthoptics	O
or	O
binocular	B-Algorithm
vision	I-Algorithm
anomalies	O
(	O
see	O
:	O
vision	O
therapy	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
cases	O
of	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
are	O
successfully	O
managed	O
by	O
prescription	O
of	O
eyeglasses	O
,	O
sometimes	O
with	O
therapeutic	O
prisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
software	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
at	O
home	O
or	O
in	O
an	O
orthoptist's/vision	O
therapist	O
's	O
office	O
to	O
treat	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
Convergence	B-Algorithm
Insufficiency	I-Algorithm
Treatment	O
Trial	O
(	O
CITT	O
)	O
published	O
two	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
studies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
bibliographic	O
review	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
CITT	O
confirmed	O
their	O
view	O
that	O
office-based	O
accommodative/vergence	O
therapy	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
treatment	O
of	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
that	O
substituting	O
it	O
in	O
entirety	O
or	O
in	O
part	O
with	O
other	O
eye	O
training	O
approaches	O
such	O
as	O
home-based	O
therapy	O
may	O
offer	O
advantages	O
in	O
cost	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
outcome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Surgical	O
correction	O
options	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
proceed	O
with	O
surgery	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
with	O
caution	O
as	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
generally	O
does	O
not	O
improve	O
with	O
surgery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
Insufficiency	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
the	O
underlying	O
cause	O
of	O
difficulty	O
learning	O
to	O
read	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
not	O
a	O
learning	O
disability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
fifth	O
and	O
sixth	O
grade	O
children	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
13%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
studies	O
that	O
used	O
standardized	O
definitions	O
of	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
,	O
investigators	O
have	O
reported	O
a	O
prevalence	O
of	O
4.2	O
–	O
6%	O
in	O
school	O
and	O
clinic	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
definition	O
of	O
convergence	B-Algorithm
insufficiency	I-Algorithm
is	O
exophoria	O
greater	O
at	O
near	O
than	O
at	O
distance	O
,	O
a	O
receded	O
near	O
point	O
of	O
convergence	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
convergence	O
amplitudes	O
at	O
near	O
.	O
</s>
