<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
(	O
CI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
user-centered	O
design	O
(	O
UCD	O
)	O
research	O
method	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
methodology	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
interview	O
is	O
usually	O
structured	O
as	O
an	O
approximately	O
two-hour	O
,	O
one-on-one	O
interaction	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
researcher	O
watches	O
the	O
user	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
normal	O
activities	O
and	O
discusses	O
those	O
activities	O
with	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
defines	O
four	O
principles	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
interaction	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
a	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
,	O
user	O
visits	O
must	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
may	O
gather	O
data	O
from	O
as	O
few	O
as	O
4	O
users	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
small	O
task	O
)	O
to	O
30	O
or	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
a	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
field	O
interview	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
defines	O
interpretation	O
sessions	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
may	O
capture	O
representations	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
activities	O
as	O
work	O
models	O
(	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
methodology	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiries	I-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
conducted	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
a	O
market	O
and	O
to	O
scope	O
the	O
opportunities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
offers	O
the	O
following	O
advantages	O
over	O
other	O
customer	O
research	O
methods	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
produced	O
by	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
is	O
highly	O
reliable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiries	I-General_Concept
focus	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
users	O
need	O
to	O
accomplish	O
,	O
done	O
their	O
way	O
—	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
always	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
produced	O
by	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
is	O
highly	O
detailed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
very	O
flexible	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiries	I-General_Concept
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
in	O
homes	O
,	O
offices	O
,	O
hospital	O
OPDs	O
,	O
operating	O
theaters	O
,	O
automobiles	O
,	O
factory	O
floors	O
,	O
construction	O
sites	O
,	O
maintenance	O
tunnels	O
,	O
and	O
chip	O
fabrication	O
labs	O
,	O
among	O
many	O
other	O
places	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
has	O
the	O
following	O
limitations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
is	O
resource-intensive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
was	O
first	O
referenced	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
phenomenological	O
research	O
method	O
"	O
in	O
a	O
paper	O
by	O
Whiteside	O
,	O
Bennet	O
,	O
and	O
Holtzblatt	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
which	O
lays	O
out	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
justification	O
for	O
using	O
qualitative	O
research	O
methods	O
in	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
inquiry	I-General_Concept
was	O
extended	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
methodology	I-General_Concept
by	O
Beyer	O
and	O
Holtzblatt	O
between	O
1988	O
and	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
was	O
briefly	O
described	O
by	O
them	O
for	O
Communications	O
of	O
the	O
ACM	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
fully	O
described	O
in	O
Contextual	B-General_Concept
Design	I-General_Concept
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
