<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
(	O
CD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
user-centered	O
design	O
process	O
developed	O
by	O
Hugh	O
Beyer	O
and	O
Karen	O
Holtzblatt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
ethnographic	O
methods	O
for	O
gathering	O
data	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
product	O
via	O
field	O
studies	O
,	O
rationalizing	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
designing	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
engineering	O
and	O
feature	O
driven	O
models	O
of	O
creating	O
new	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
process	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
top-level	O
steps	O
:	O
contextual	O
inquiry	O
,	O
interpretation	O
,	O
data	O
consolidation	O
,	O
visioning	O
,	O
storyboarding	O
,	O
user	O
environment	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
prototyping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
consists	O
of	O
five	O
work	O
models	O
which	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
model	O
the	O
work	O
tasks	O
and	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
working	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Understanding	O
the	O
current	O
way	O
of	O
working	O
,	O
its	O
structure	O
and	O
the	O
complete	O
workflow	B-Operating_System
helps	O
the	O
design	O
team	O
address	O
the	O
problems	O
and	O
design	O
the	O
new	O
workflow	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
uses	O
the	O
User	O
Environment	O
Design	O
(	O
UED	O
)	O
diagram	O
,	O
which	O
displays	O
the	O
focus	O
areas	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
areas	O
which	O
are	O
visible	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
or	O
which	O
are	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Testing	O
the	O
design	O
ideas	O
with	O
paper	B-Application
prototypes	I-Application
or	O
even	O
with	O
more	O
sophisticated	O
interactive	O
prototypes	O
before	O
the	O
implementation	O
phase	O
helps	O
the	O
designers	O
communicate	O
with	O
users	O
about	O
the	O
new	O
system	O
and	O
develop	O
the	O
design	O
further	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
has	O
primarily	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
computer	O
information	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
hardware	O
,	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parts	O
of	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
have	O
been	O
adapted	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
usability	B-General_Concept
evaluation	O
method	O
and	O
for	O
contextual	B-Application
application	I-Application
design	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
has	O
also	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
digital	O
libraries	O
and	O
other	O
learning	O
technologies	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
COVID-19	O
vaccine	O
clinic	O
mobile	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
teaching	O
user-centered	O
design/Human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
at	O
the	O
university	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
lightweight	O
approach	O
to	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
has	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
its	O
originators	O
to	O
address	O
an	O
oft-heard	O
criticism	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
is	O
too	O
labor-intensive	O
or	O
lengthy	O
for	O
some	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yet	O
others	O
find	O
the	O
designer/user	O
engagement	O
promoted	O
by	O
contextual	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
too	O
brief	O
.	O
</s>
