<s>
Content	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
(	O
CSM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
for	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
traditional	O
media	O
archive	O
technology	O
used	O
by	O
media	O
companies	O
and	O
content	O
owners	O
to	O
store	O
and	O
protect	O
valuable	O
file-based	O
media	O
assets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
solutions	O
focus	O
on	O
active	O
management	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
content	I-Protocol
and	O
media	O
assets	O
regardless	O
of	O
format	O
,	O
type	O
and	O
source	O
,	O
interfaces	O
between	O
proprietary	O
content	O
source/destination	O
devices	O
and	O
any	O
format	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
commodity	O
IT	O
centric	O
storage	B-General_Concept
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CSM	O
system	O
may	O
be	O
directed	O
manually	O
but	O
is	O
more	O
often	O
directed	O
by	O
upper-level	O
systems	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
include	O
media	O
asset	O
management	O
(	O
MAM	O
)	O
,	O
automation	B-Application
,	O
or	O
traffic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
CSM	O
systems	O
are	O
server-based	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
reside	O
between	O
the	O
media	O
network	O
,	O
which	O
connects	O
the	O
various	O
broadcast	O
or	O
manipulation	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
storage	B-General_Concept
network	O
,	O
which	O
connects	O
the	O
nearline	B-General_Concept
and	O
archive	O
storage	B-General_Concept
tiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
basic	O
function	O
of	O
CSM	O
is	O
the	O
automated	O
retrieval	O
of	O
high-resolution	O
digital	O
content	O
(	O
or	O
essence	O
)	O
either	O
from	O
a	O
data	O
tape	O
library	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
a	O
robot	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
a	O
data	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
that	O
content	O
either	O
to	O
a	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
playout	O
or	O
editing	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
also	O
performs	O
this	O
process	O
in	O
reverse	O
–	O
moving	O
content	O
back	O
to	O
storage	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
given	O
media	O
operation	O
,	O
CSM	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
content	O
manipulation	O
and	O
repurposing	O
;	O
systems	O
interoperability	O
through	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
bit	O
rate	O
content	O
transcoding	B-Algorithm
;	O
and/or	O
site-to-site	O
content	O
replication	B-Architecture
for	O
disaster	B-General_Concept
recovery	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
with	O
various	O
network	O
technologies	O
including	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
Fibre	B-Architecture
Channel	I-Architecture
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
many	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
,	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytics	O
engines	O
for	O
capturing	O
,	O
measuring	O
and	O
reporting	O
on	O
all	O
internal	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
including	O
network	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
read/write	O
error	O
rates	O
,	O
data	O
storage	B-General_Concept
profiles	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
CSM	O
systems	O
resemble	O
hierarchical	B-Application
storage	I-Application
management	I-Application
(	O
HSM	O
)	O
systems	O
in	O
that	O
both	O
migrate	O
among	O
storage	B-General_Concept
tiers	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
distinct	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
CSM	O
software	O
is	O
media-specific	O
,	O
with	O
internal	O
decision-making	O
models	O
based	O
on	O
media-centric	O
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
programmatic	O
interfaces	O
specific	O
to	O
control	O
and	O
management	O
by	O
broadcast	O
business	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
traffic	O
,	O
inventory	O
,	O
and	O
automation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
groups	O
related	O
assets	O
(	O
typically	O
video	O
file	O
and	O
related	O
multilingual	O
audio	O
files	O
)	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
managed	O
object	O
for	O
storage	B-General_Concept
and	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
stub	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
are	O
pointers	O
to	O
files	O
,	O
but	O
instead	O
handles	O
actual	O
media	O
files	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
finally	O
,	O
by	O
definition	O
,	O
CSM	O
does	O
not	O
stand	O
alone	O
but	O
functions	O
as	O
an	O
abstraction	B-Architecture
layer	I-Architecture
between	O
disparate	O
systems	O
including	O
various	O
storage	B-General_Concept
devices	O
,	O
broadcast	O
editing	O
and	O
playout	O
devices	O
and	O
even	O
end	O
consumer	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
set	O
top	O
boxes	O
and	O
Web	O
streaming	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
significant	O
differentiator	O
between	O
CSM	O
and	O
HSM	O
solutions	O
is	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
migration	O
between	O
tiered	O
storage	B-General_Concept
fundamental	O
to	O
HSM	O
and	O
the	O
active	O
storage	B-Application
management	I-Application
fundamental	O
to	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conceptually	O
,	O
HSM	O
solutions	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
age	O
content	O
to	O
less	O
expensive	O
tiers	O
of	O
storage	B-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
static	O
policies	O
examining	O
parameters	O
such	O
as	O
least	O
recently	O
accessed	O
,	O
file	O
size	O
,	O
specific	O
directories/paths	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
also	O
manage	O
tiered	O
storage	B-General_Concept
(	O
although	O
not	O
specifically	O
limited	O
to	O
any	O
type	O
,	O
amount	O
or	O
storage	B-General_Concept
technology	O
)	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
static	O
policies	O
but	O
rather	O
can	O
be	O
living	O
policies	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
dynamically	O
to	O
content	O
entering	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
govern	O
replication	B-Architecture
policies	O
,	O
storage	B-General_Concept
persistence	O
,	O
age-based	O
migration	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
more	O
advanced	O
content	O
aware	O
processing	O
steps	O
such	O
as	O
transcoding	B-Algorithm
,	O
rewrapping	O
,	O
reformatting	O
and	O
subjective	O
quality	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
media-centric	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
are	O
not	O
inherently	O
supported	O
by	O
HSM	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
the	O
content	O
centric	O
focus	O
of	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
legacy	O
reliance	O
on	O
key	O
HSM	O
traits	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
stub	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
must	O
remain	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
from	O
where	O
the	O
file	O
was	O
migrated	O
to	O
cheaper	O
tiers	O
of	O
storage	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
beneficial	O
in	O
some	O
environments	O
where	O
HSM	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
simply	O
as	O
a	O
“	O
disk	O
extender	O
”	O
for	O
economic	O
motivation	O
,	O
this	O
feature	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
limitation	O
in	O
active	O
file-based	O
content	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
typical	O
in	O
media	O
,	O
entertainment	O
and	O
preservationist	O
applications	O
where	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
are	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
inability	O
for	O
broadcast	O
devices	O
to	O
maintain	O
these	O
HSM	O
specific	O
stub	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
on	O
their	O
internal	O
(	O
online	O
)	O
disk	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
HSM	O
systems	O
in	O
these	O
advanced	O
applications	O
mandates	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
media	O
content	O
be	O
made	O
first	O
from	O
the	O
online	O
storage	B-General_Concept
to	O
some	O
other	O
tier	O
of	O
spinning	O
disk	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
HSM	O
system	O
taking	O
ownership	O
and	O
migrating	O
the	O
content	O
to	O
other	O
tiers	O
of	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
there	O
is	O
usually	O
another	O
software	B-Application
application	I-Application
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
additional	O
step	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
media	O
asset	O
management	O
(	O
MAM	O
)	O
system	O
or	O
other	O
application	O
specific	O
utility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
solutions	O
extend	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
content	O
control	O
and	O
management	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
internals	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
devices	O
through	O
any	O
number	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
mass	B-Device
storage	I-Device
devices	I-Device
(	O
disk	O
,	O
tape	O
,	O
optical	O
,	O
offline	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
CSM	O
solutions	O
are	O
not	O
meant	O
to	O
age	O
content	O
into	O
less	O
expensive	O
storage	B-General_Concept
over	O
time	O
as	O
its	O
perceived	O
value	O
diminishes	O
but	O
rather	O
actively	O
play	O
a	O
part	O
in	O
a	O
fairly	O
symmetrical	O
content	O
lifecycle	O
where	O
content	O
stored	O
within	O
the	O
CSM	O
system	O
yesterday	O
or	O
five	O
years	O
ago	O
is	O
just	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
requested	O
to	O
be	O
restored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
content	O
stored	O
within	O
a	O
CSM	O
storage	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	O
is	O
equally	O
viable	O
for	O
restore	O
operations	O
at	O
any	O
point	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
often	O
no	O
reliable	O
predictability	O
is	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Augmenting	O
the	O
overall	O
content	O
storage	B-General_Concept
capacities	I-General_Concept
by	O
allowing	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
less	O
expensive	O
storage	B-General_Concept
technologies	O
is	O
an	O
advantage	O
of	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
but	O
preservation	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
key	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
differing	O
ILM	O
policies	O
that	O
can	O
govern	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
copies	O
or	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
also	O
geographical	O
distribution	O
to	O
other	O
CSM	O
solutions	O
via	O
WAN	O
connectivity	O
providing	O
distribution	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
disaster	B-General_Concept
recovery	I-General_Concept
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
CSM	O
within	O
a	O
broadcast	O
setting	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
A	O
movie	O
is	O
ingested	O
into	O
the	O
content	O
owner	O
’s	O
workflow	B-Operating_System
leveraging	O
an	O
encoding	B-Algorithm
device	O
and	O
a	O
control	O
system	O
such	O
as	O
automation	B-Application
or	O
MAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
control	O
system	O
instructs	O
the	O
CSM	O
system	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
analyze	O
the	O
content	O
to	O
ensure	O
acceptable	O
subjective	O
quality	O
,	O
copy	O
this	O
original	O
material	O
into	O
the	O
archive	O
library	O
,	O
make	O
two	O
copies	O
or	O
instances	O
of	O
it	O
for	O
protection	O
and	O
generate	O
a	O
low	O
resolution	O
Windows	B-Device
Media	I-Device
proxy	O
version	O
for	O
Web	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
editor	O
uses	O
the	O
MAM	O
system	O
to	O
view	O
the	O
proxy	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
CSM	O
solution	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
his/her	O
desktop	O
workstation	B-Device
selects	O
shots	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
promo	O
for	O
the	O
movie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CSM	O
system	O
then	O
transcodes	B-Algorithm
or	O
rewraps	O
the	O
segments	O
as	O
necessary	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
editor	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
promo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
editor	O
completes	O
the	O
promo	O
,	O
the	O
editing	O
system	O
sends	O
it	O
via	O
the	O
CSM	O
system	O
(	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
repeat	O
the	O
replication	B-Architecture
and	O
proxy	O
generation	O
process	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
on-air	O
video	O
servers	O
for	O
playout	O
to	O
air	O
.	O
</s>
