<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
(	O
CM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
processes	O
and	O
technologies	O
that	O
supports	O
the	O
collection	O
,	O
managing	O
,	O
and	O
publishing	O
of	O
information	O
in	O
any	O
form	O
or	O
medium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
process	O
of	O
content	O
development	O
and	O
management	O
and	O
is	O
complex	O
enough	O
that	O
various	O
commercial	O
software	O
vendors	O
(	O
large	O
and	O
small	O
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Interwoven	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
offer	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
to	O
control	O
and	O
automate	O
significant	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
content	O
lifecycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
practices	O
and	O
goals	O
vary	O
by	O
mission	O
and	O
by	O
organizational	O
governance	O
structure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
News	O
organizations	O
,	O
e-commerce	O
websites	O
,	O
and	O
educational	O
institutions	O
all	O
use	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
in	O
different	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
is	O
an	O
inherently	O
collaborative	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
critical	O
aspect	O
of	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
is	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
manage	O
versions	O
of	O
content	O
as	O
it	O
evolves	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
equally	O
important	O
aspect	O
of	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
involves	O
the	O
creation	O
,	O
maintenance	O
,	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
review	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
automated	O
processes	O
that	O
may	O
support	O
the	O
following	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Increasingly	O
,	O
the	O
repository	O
is	O
an	O
inherent	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
incorporates	O
enterprise	B-Application
search	I-Application
and	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
take	O
the	O
following	O
forms	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
expert	O
Marc	O
Feldman	O
defines	O
three	O
primary	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
governance	O
structures	O
:	O
localized	O
,	O
centralized	O
,	O
and	O
federated	O
—	O
each	O
having	O
its	O
unique	O
strengths	O
and	O
weaknesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
levers	O
of	O
control	O
are	O
strongly	O
centralized	O
,	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
are	O
capable	O
of	O
delivering	O
an	O
exceptionally	O
clear	O
and	O
unified	O
brand	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
centralized	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
governance	O
structures	O
allow	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
cost-savings	O
opportunities	O
in	O
large	O
enterprises	O
,	O
realized	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
duplicated	O
efforts	O
in	O
creating	O
,	O
editing	O
,	O
formatting	O
,	O
repurposing	O
and	O
archiving	O
content	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
through	O
process	O
management	O
and	O
the	O
streamlining	O
of	O
all	O
content	O
related	O
labor	O
,	O
and/or	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
through	O
an	O
orderly	O
deployment	O
or	O
updating	O
of	O
the	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
systems	O
are	O
inherently	O
structured	O
to	O
enable	O
federated	O
governance	O
models	O
,	O
realizing	O
these	O
benefits	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
because	O
it	O
requires	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
negotiating	O
the	O
boundaries	O
of	O
control	O
with	O
local	O
managers	O
and	O
content	O
creators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
larger	O
enterprises	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
fully	O
implement	O
or	O
realize	O
a	O
federated	O
governance	O
structure	O
equates	O
to	O
a	O
failure	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
full	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
and	O
cost	O
savings	O
that	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
enable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
implementations	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
manage	O
content	O
distributions	O
and	O
digital	O
rights	O
in	O
content	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
systems	I-Protocol
are	O
usually	O
involved	O
with	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
control	O
user	O
access	O
and	O
digital	O
rights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
read-only	O
structures	O
of	O
digital	O
rights	O
management	O
systems	O
force	O
some	O
limitations	O
on	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
,	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
authors	O
to	O
change	O
protected	O
content	O
in	O
their	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
implementations	O
cover	O
all	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
