<s>
A	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
is	O
an	O
output	B-Device
device	I-Device
that	O
displays	O
information	O
in	O
pictorial	O
or	O
textual	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
discrete	O
monitor	O
comprises	O
a	O
visual	B-Device
display	I-Device
,	O
support	O
electronics	O
,	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
housing	O
,	O
electrical	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
external	O
user	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
display	O
in	O
modern	O
monitors	O
is	O
typically	O
an	O
LCD	B-Device
with	O
LED	O
backlight	O
,	O
having	O
by	O
the	O
2010s	O
replaced	O
CCFL	O
backlit	O
LCDs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
mid-2000s	O
,	O
most	O
monitors	O
used	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitors	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
via	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
,	O
USB-C	O
,	O
DVI	B-Protocol
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
or	O
other	O
proprietary	O
connectors	O
and	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
were	O
used	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
while	O
television	O
sets	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
1980s	O
onward	O
,	O
computers	O
(	O
and	O
their	O
monitors	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
both	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
and	O
video	O
,	O
while	O
televisions	O
have	O
implemented	O
some	O
computer	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
the	O
typical	O
display	B-General_Concept
aspect	I-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
of	O
both	O
televisions	O
and	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
has	O
changed	O
from	O
4:3	O
to	O
16:9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
are	O
mostly	O
interchangeable	O
with	O
television	O
sets	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
most	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
do	O
not	O
include	O
integrated	O
speakers	B-Device
,	O
TV	B-Device
tuners	I-Device
,	O
nor	O
remote	B-Protocol
controls	I-Protocol
,	O
external	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
DTA	B-Device
box	I-Device
may	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
as	O
a	O
TV	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
electronic	O
computer	O
front	B-Device
panels	I-Device
were	O
fitted	O
with	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
light	O
bulbs	O
where	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
each	O
particular	O
bulb	O
would	O
indicate	O
the	O
on/off	O
state	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
register	O
bit	O
inside	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
a	O
line	O
printer	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
output	B-Device
device	I-Device
,	O
while	O
the	O
monitor	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
keeping	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
were	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
visual	B-Device
display	I-Device
units	I-Device
(	O
VDU	O
)	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
British	O
English	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
technologies	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
most	O
used	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tubes	I-Device
but	O
they	O
have	O
largely	O
been	O
superseded	O
by	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
used	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tubes	I-Device
(	O
CRTs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
home	O
computers	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
common	O
for	O
a	O
video	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
terminal	I-General_Concept
(	O
VDT	O
)	O
using	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
to	O
be	O
physically	O
integrated	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	O
and	O
other	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
workstation	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
large	O
chassis	O
,	O
typically	O
limiting	O
them	O
to	O
emulation	O
of	O
a	O
paper	O
teletypewriter	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
early	O
epithet	O
of	O
'	O
glass	B-General_Concept
TTY	I-General_Concept
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
display	O
was	O
monochromatic	B-Device
and	O
far	O
less	O
sharp	O
and	O
detailed	O
than	O
on	O
a	O
modern	O
monitor	O
,	O
necessitating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
relatively	O
large	O
text	O
and	O
severely	O
limiting	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
information	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
displayed	O
at	O
one	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-resolution	O
CRT	B-Device
displays	I-Device
were	O
developed	O
for	O
specialized	O
military	O
,	O
industrial	O
and	O
scientific	O
applications	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
far	O
too	O
costly	O
for	O
general	O
use	O
;	O
wider	O
commercial	O
use	O
became	O
possible	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
a	O
slow	O
,	O
but	O
affordable	O
Tektronix	B-General_Concept
4010	I-General_Concept
terminal	O
in	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
home	O
computers	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
TRS-80	B-Device
and	O
Commodore	B-Device
PET	I-Device
)	O
were	O
limited	O
to	O
monochrome	B-Device
CRT	I-Device
displays	O
,	O
but	O
color	O
display	O
capability	O
was	O
already	O
a	O
possible	O
feature	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
MOS	O
6500	O
series-based	O
machines	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
introduced	O
in	O
1977	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
computer	O
or	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
console	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
color	O
output	O
was	O
a	O
speciality	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
graphically	O
sophisticated	O
Atari	B-Device
800	I-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Either	O
computer	O
could	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
antenna	O
terminals	O
of	O
an	O
ordinary	O
color	O
TV	O
set	O
or	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
purpose-made	O
CRT	B-Device
color	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
for	O
optimum	O
resolution	O
and	O
color	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lagging	O
several	O
years	O
behind	O
,	O
in	O
1981	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
the	O
Color	B-Device
Graphics	I-Device
Adapter	I-Device
,	O
which	O
could	O
display	O
four	O
colors	O
with	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
pixels	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
could	O
produce	O
pixels	O
with	O
two	O
colors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1984	O
IBM	O
introduced	O
the	O
Enhanced	B-Device
Graphics	I-Device
Adapter	I-Device
which	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
16	O
colors	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
1980s	O
color	O
progressive	B-Device
scan	I-Device
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
were	O
widely	O
available	O
and	O
increasingly	O
affordable	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
sharpest	O
prosumer	O
monitors	O
could	O
clearly	O
display	O
high-definition	O
video	O
,	O
against	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
efforts	O
at	O
HDTV	B-Device
standardization	O
from	O
the	O
1970s	O
to	O
the	O
1980s	O
failing	O
continuously	O
,	O
leaving	O
consumer	O
SDTVs	B-Device
to	O
stagnate	O
increasingly	O
far	O
behind	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
computer	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
well	O
into	O
the	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
following	O
decade	O
,	O
maximum	O
display	B-General_Concept
resolutions	I-General_Concept
gradually	O
increased	O
and	O
prices	O
continued	O
to	O
fall	O
as	O
CRT	B-Device
technology	O
remained	O
dominant	O
in	O
the	O
PC	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
market	O
into	O
the	O
new	O
millennium	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
it	O
remained	O
cheaper	O
to	O
produce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CRTs	O
still	O
offer	O
color	O
,	O
grayscale	O
,	O
motion	O
,	O
and	O
latency	O
advantages	O
over	O
today	O
's	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
but	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
latter	O
have	O
made	O
them	O
much	O
less	O
obvious	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dynamic	O
range	O
of	O
early	O
LCD	B-Device
panels	I-Device
was	O
very	O
poor	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
text	O
and	O
other	O
motionless	O
graphics	O
were	O
sharper	O
than	O
on	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
,	O
an	O
LCD	B-Device
characteristic	O
known	O
as	O
pixel	O
lag	O
caused	O
moving	O
graphics	O
to	O
appear	O
noticeably	O
smeared	O
and	O
blurry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
multiple	O
technologies	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
liquid-crystal	B-Device
displays	I-Device
(	O
LCD	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Throughout	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
the	O
primary	O
use	O
of	O
LCD	B-Device
technology	O
as	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
was	O
in	O
laptops	B-Device
where	O
the	O
lower	O
power	O
consumption	O
,	O
lighter	O
weight	O
,	O
and	O
smaller	O
physical	O
size	O
of	O
LCDs	B-Device
justified	O
the	O
higher	O
price	O
versus	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
laptop	B-Device
would	O
be	O
offered	O
with	O
an	O
assortment	O
of	O
display	O
options	O
at	O
increasing	O
price	O
points	O
:	O
(	O
active	O
or	O
passive	O
)	O
monochrome	O
,	O
passive	O
color	O
,	O
or	O
active	O
matrix	O
color	O
(	O
TFT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TFT-LCD	B-Device
is	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
LCD	B-Device
which	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
dominant	O
technology	O
used	O
for	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
standalone	O
LCDs	B-Device
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
selling	O
for	O
high	O
prices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
prices	O
declined	O
they	O
became	O
more	O
popular	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
1997	O
were	O
competing	O
with	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
first	O
desktop	O
LCD	B-Device
computer	I-Device
monitors	I-Device
was	O
the	O
Eizo	O
FlexScan	O
L66	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
the	O
SGI	B-Device
1600SW	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
Studio	O
Display	O
and	O
the	O
ViewSonic	O
VP140	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
LCDs	B-Device
outsold	O
CRTs	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
primary	O
technology	O
used	O
for	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
physical	O
advantages	O
of	O
LCD	B-Device
over	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
are	O
that	O
LCDs	B-Device
are	O
lighter	O
,	O
smaller	O
,	O
and	O
consume	O
less	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
performance	O
,	O
LCDs	B-Device
produce	O
less	O
or	O
no	O
flicker	O
,	O
reducing	O
eyestrain	O
,	O
sharper	O
image	O
at	O
native	O
resolution	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
checkerboard	O
contrast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
have	O
superior	O
blacks	O
,	O
viewing	B-General_Concept
angles	I-General_Concept
,	O
response	O
time	O
,	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
arbitrary	O
lower	O
resolutions	O
without	O
aliasing	O
,	O
and	O
flicker	O
can	O
be	O
reduced	O
with	O
higher	O
refresh	O
rates	O
,	O
though	O
this	O
flicker	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
motion	O
blur	O
compared	O
to	O
less	O
flickery	O
displays	O
such	O
as	O
most	O
LCDs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
specialized	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
vision	O
science	O
remain	O
dependent	O
on	O
CRTs	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
having	O
achieved	O
moderate	O
temporal	O
accuracy	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
only	O
if	O
their	O
poor	O
spatial	O
accuracy	O
is	O
unimportant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	B-General_Concept
dynamic	I-General_Concept
range	I-General_Concept
(	O
HDR	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
into	O
high-end	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
to	O
improve	O
grayscale	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
around	O
the	O
late	O
2000s	O
,	O
widescreen	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
have	O
become	O
popular	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
television	O
series	O
,	O
motion	O
pictures	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
transitioning	O
to	O
widescreen	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
squarer	O
monitors	O
unsuited	O
to	O
display	O
them	O
correctly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Organic	B-Device
light-emitting	I-Device
diode	I-Device
(	O
OLED	B-Device
)	O
monitors	O
provide	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
both	O
LCD	B-Device
and	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
with	O
few	O
of	O
their	O
drawbacks	O
,	O
though	O
much	O
like	O
plasma	O
panels	O
or	O
very	O
early	O
CRTs	O
they	O
suffer	O
from	O
burn-in	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
remain	O
very	O
expensive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viewable	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
-	O
is	O
usually	O
measured	O
diagonally	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
actual	O
widths	O
and	O
heights	O
are	O
more	O
informative	O
since	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
-	O
is	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
horizontal	O
length	O
to	O
the	O
vertical	O
length	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitors	O
usually	O
have	O
the	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
4:3	O
,	O
5:4	O
,	O
16:10	O
or	O
16:9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
distinct	O
pixels	O
in	O
each	O
dimension	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
natively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
given	O
display	B-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
,	O
maximum	O
resolution	O
is	O
limited	O
by	O
dot	O
pitch	O
or	O
DPI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
related	O
unit	O
is	O
pixel	O
pitch	O
,	O
In	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
pixel	O
pitch	O
is	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
two	O
adjacent	O
pixels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dot	O
pitch	O
is	O
the	O
reciprocal	O
of	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
density	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixel	B-Algorithm
density	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
how	O
densely	O
packed	O
the	O
pixels	O
on	O
a	O
display	O
are	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
density	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pixels	O
in	O
one	O
linear	O
unit	O
along	O
the	O
display	O
,	O
typically	O
measured	O
in	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
per	I-Algorithm
inch	I-Algorithm
(	O
px/in	O
or	O
ppi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynamic	O
contrast	O
ratio	O
is	O
measured	O
with	O
the	O
LCD	B-Device
backlight	O
turned	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viewing	B-General_Concept
angle	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
maximum	O
angle	O
at	O
which	O
images	O
on	O
the	O
monitor	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
,	O
without	O
subjectively	O
excessive	O
degradation	O
to	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
LCDs	B-Device
it	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
the	O
image	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
expressed	O
in	O
hertz	O
(	O
Hz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Input	B-Application
latency	I-Application
is	O
the	O
time	O
it	O
takes	O
for	O
a	O
monitor	O
to	O
display	O
an	O
image	O
after	O
receiving	O
it	O
,	O
typically	O
measured	O
in	O
milliseconds	O
(	O
ms	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
two-dimensional	O
display	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
the	O
display	B-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
or	O
view	O
able	O
image	O
size	O
is	O
the	O
actual	O
amount	O
of	O
screen	O
space	O
that	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
picture	O
,	O
video	O
or	O
working	O
space	O
,	O
without	O
obstruction	O
from	O
the	O
bezel	O
or	O
other	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
's	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
of	O
measurement	O
is	O
inherited	O
from	O
the	O
method	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
CRT	B-Device
television	O
,	O
when	O
picture	B-Device
tubes	I-Device
with	O
circular	O
faces	O
were	O
in	O
common	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
continued	O
even	O
when	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tubes	I-Device
were	O
manufactured	O
as	O
rounded	O
rectangles	O
;	O
it	O
had	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
single	O
number	O
specifying	O
the	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
confusing	O
when	O
the	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
was	O
universally	O
4:3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
technology	O
,	O
the	O
diagonal	O
measurement	O
became	O
the	O
actual	O
diagonal	O
of	O
the	O
visible	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
meant	O
that	O
an	O
eighteen-inch	O
LCD	B-Device
had	O
a	O
larger	O
viewable	O
area	O
than	O
an	O
eighteen-inch	O
cathode-ray	B-Device
tube	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Estimation	O
of	O
monitor	O
size	O
by	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
opposite	O
corners	O
does	O
not	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
display	B-General_Concept
aspect	I-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
that	O
for	O
example	O
a	O
16:9	O
widescreen	O
display	O
has	O
less	O
area	O
,	O
than	O
a	O
4:3	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
about	O
2003	O
,	O
most	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
had	O
a	O
4:3	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
and	O
some	O
had	O
5:4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2003	O
and	O
2006	O
,	O
monitors	O
with	O
16:9	O
and	O
mostly	O
16:10	O
(	O
8:5	O
)	O
aspect	O
ratios	O
became	O
commonly	O
available	O
,	O
first	O
in	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
later	O
also	O
in	O
standalone	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
16:10	O
became	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
sold	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
for	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
and	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
16:10	O
was	O
the	O
mainstream	O
standard	O
for	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
industry	O
started	O
to	O
move	O
over	O
from	O
16:10	O
to	O
16:9	O
because	O
16:9	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
standard	O
high-definition	B-Device
television	I-Device
display	B-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
cheaper	O
to	O
manufacture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
this	O
was	O
because	O
the	O
"	O
Demand	O
for	O
the	O
old	O
'	O
Square	O
monitors	O
 '	O
has	O
decreased	O
rapidly	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
couple	O
of	O
years	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
I	O
predict	O
that	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
production	O
on	O
all	O
4:3	O
or	O
similar	O
panels	O
will	O
be	O
halted	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
demand.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resolution	O
for	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
has	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
sold	O
resolution	O
for	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
is	O
,	O
shared	O
with	O
the	O
1080p	O
of	O
HDTV	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
2013	O
mass	O
market	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
were	O
limited	O
to	O
at	O
,	O
excluding	O
niche	O
professional	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2015	O
most	O
major	O
display	O
manufacturers	O
had	O
released	O
(	O
4K	B-Architecture
UHD	I-Architecture
)	O
displays	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
(	O
8K	B-Architecture
)	O
monitors	O
had	O
begun	O
shipping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
modern	O
laptops	B-Device
provide	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
screen	O
dimming	O
after	O
periods	O
of	O
inactivity	O
or	O
when	O
the	O
battery	O
is	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
places	O
standard	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
within	O
easy	O
reach	O
and	O
eliminates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
another	O
separate	O
hub	O
,	O
camera	B-Protocol
,	O
microphone	B-Application
,	O
or	O
set	O
of	O
speakers	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitors	O
that	O
feature	O
an	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
greater	O
than	O
2:1	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
21:9	O
or	O
32:9	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
16:9	O
,	O
which	O
resolves	O
to	O
1.7:1	O
)	O
.Monitors	O
with	O
an	O
aspect	B-General_Concept
ratio	I-General_Concept
greater	O
than	O
3:1	O
are	O
marketed	O
as	O
super	O
ultrawide	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
typically	O
massive	O
curved	B-General_Concept
screens	I-General_Concept
intended	O
to	O
replace	O
a	O
multi-monitor	B-General_Concept
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
displays	O
,	O
especially	O
newer	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
monitors	I-General_Concept
,	O
replace	O
the	O
traditional	O
anti-glare	O
matte	O
finish	O
with	O
a	O
glossy	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
often	O
using	O
nominally	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
technology	O
such	O
as	O
LCD	B-Device
or	O
OLED	B-Device
,	O
a	O
concave	O
rather	O
than	O
convex	O
curve	O
is	O
imparted	O
,	O
reducing	O
geometric	O
distortion	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
extremely	O
large	O
and	O
wide	O
seamless	O
desktop	O
monitors	O
intended	O
for	O
close	O
viewing	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
monitors	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
display	B-Algorithm
a	I-Algorithm
different	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
for	I-Algorithm
each	I-Algorithm
eye	I-Algorithm
,	O
often	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
special	O
glasses	O
and	O
polarizers	O
,	O
giving	O
the	O
perception	O
of	O
depth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
autostereoscopic	O
screen	O
can	O
generate	O
3D	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
without	O
headgear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Narrow	O
viewing	B-General_Concept
angle	I-General_Concept
screens	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
security-conscious	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
monitor	O
with	O
a	O
graphics	B-Device
tablet	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Touch	O
and	O
tablet	O
sensors	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
on	O
sample	O
and	O
hold	O
displays	O
such	O
as	O
LCDs	B-Device
to	O
substitute	O
for	O
the	O
light	B-Device
pen	I-Device
,	O
which	O
can	O
only	O
work	O
on	O
CRTs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Option	O
for	O
professional	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
inherent	O
to	O
OLED	B-Device
&	O
CRT	B-Device
;	O
professional	O
feature	O
with	O
mainstream	O
tendency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
are	O
provided	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
methods	O
for	O
mounting	O
them	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
application	O
and	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raw	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
are	O
raw	O
framed	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
to	O
install	O
a	O
monitor	O
on	O
a	O
not	O
so	O
common	O
place	O
,	O
ie	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
car	O
door	O
or	O
you	O
need	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
trunk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flat	O
Display	O
Mounting	O
Interface	O
(	O
FDMI	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
VESA	O
Mounting	O
Interface	O
Standard	O
(	O
MIS	O
)	O
or	O
colloquially	O
as	O
a	O
VESA	O
mount	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
standards	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Video	O
Electronics	O
Standards	O
Association	O
for	O
mounting	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
to	O
stands	O
or	O
wall	O
mounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
implemented	O
on	O
most	O
modern	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
monitors	I-General_Concept
and	O
TVs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
the	O
VESA	O
Mount	O
typically	O
consists	O
of	O
four	O
threaded	O
holes	O
on	O
the	O
rear	O
of	O
the	O
display	O
that	O
will	O
mate	O
with	O
an	O
adapter	O
bracket	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
are	O
available	O
in	O
two	O
styles	O
and	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
mounted	O
into	O
a	O
19-inch	B-Application
rack	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
fixed	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
monitor	O
is	O
mounted	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
rack	O
with	O
the	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
or	O
CRT	B-Device
visible	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
19-inch	O
diagonal	O
screen	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
size	O
that	O
will	O
fit	O
within	O
the	O
rails	O
of	O
a	O
19-inch	B-Application
rack	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Larger	O
flat-panels	B-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
accommodated	O
but	O
are	O
'	O
mount-on-rack	O
'	O
and	O
extend	O
forward	O
of	O
the	O
rack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
smaller	O
display	O
units	O
,	O
typically	O
used	O
in	O
broadcast	O
environments	O
,	O
which	O
fit	O
multiple	O
smaller	O
screens	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
into	O
one	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
stowable	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
monitor	O
is	O
1U	O
,	O
2U	O
or	O
3U	O
high	O
and	O
is	O
mounted	O
on	O
rack	O
slides	O
allowing	O
the	O
display	O
to	O
be	O
folded	O
down	O
and	O
the	O
unit	O
slid	O
into	O
the	O
rack	O
for	O
storage	O
as	O
a	O
drawer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
units	O
may	O
include	O
only	O
a	O
display	O
or	O
may	O
be	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	O
creating	O
a	O
KVM	B-Protocol
(	O
Keyboard	O
Video	O
Monitor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
common	O
are	O
systems	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
LCD	B-Device
but	O
there	O
are	O
systems	O
providing	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
displays	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
panel	O
mount	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
is	O
intended	O
for	O
mounting	O
into	O
a	O
flat	O
surface	O
with	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
display	O
unit	O
protruding	O
just	O
slightly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
contrasts	O
with	O
a	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
display	O
where	O
the	O
flanges	O
are	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
sides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
a	O
gasket	O
is	O
provided	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
water-tight	O
seal	O
to	O
the	O
panel	O
and	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
will	O
be	O
sealed	O
to	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
front	B-Device
panel	I-Device
to	O
prevent	O
water	O
and	O
dirt	O
contamination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
rack	B-Application
mount	I-Application
monitor	O
manufacturers	O
will	O
purchase	O
desktop	O
displays	O
,	O
take	O
them	O
apart	O
,	O
and	O
discard	O
the	O
outer	O
plastic	O
parts	O
,	O
keeping	O
the	O
inner	O
open-frame	O
display	O
for	O
inclusion	O
into	O
their	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
an	O
NSA	O
document	O
leaked	O
to	O
Der	O
Spiegel	O
,	O
the	O
NSA	O
sometimes	O
swaps	O
the	O
monitor	O
cables	O
on	O
targeted	O
computers	O
with	O
a	O
bugged	O
monitor	O
cable	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
NSA	O
to	O
remotely	O
see	O
what	O
is	O
being	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
targeted	O
computer	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Van	O
Eck	O
phreaking	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
remotely	O
displaying	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
CRT	B-Device
or	O
LCD	B-Device
by	O
detecting	O
its	O
electromagnetic	O
emissions	O
.	O
</s>
