<s>
Design	O
Automation	O
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
electronic	O
design	O
automation	O
,	O
or	O
Design	O
Automation	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
Product	B-General_Concept
Configurator	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extending	O
Computer-Aided	B-Application
Design	I-Application
(	O
CAD	B-Application
)	O
,	O
automated	B-Algorithm
design	I-Algorithm
and	O
Computer-Automated	B-Algorithm
Design	I-Algorithm
(	O
CAutoD	B-Algorithm
)	O
are	O
more	O
concerned	O
with	O
a	O
broader	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
automotive	O
engineering	O
,	O
civil	O
engineering	O
,	O
composite	O
material	O
design	O
,	O
control	O
engineering	O
,	O
dynamic	O
system	O
identification	O
and	O
optimization	O
,	O
financial	O
systems	O
,	O
industrial	O
equipment	O
,	O
mechatronic	O
systems	O
,	O
steel	O
construction	O
,	O
structural	O
optimisation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
novel	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
CAutoD	B-Algorithm
perhaps	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
1963	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
IBM	O
Journal	O
of	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
was	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
,	O
traditional	O
CAD	B-Application
simulation	O
is	O
seen	O
to	O
be	O
transformed	O
to	O
CAutoD	B-Algorithm
by	O
biologically-inspired	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
including	O
heuristic	O
search	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
such	O
as	O
evolutionary	O
computation	O
,	O
and	O
swarm	B-Architecture
intelligence	I-Architecture
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
present	O
,	O
many	O
designs	O
and	O
refinements	O
are	O
mainly	O
made	O
through	O
a	O
manual	O
trial-and-error	O
process	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
CAD	B-Application
simulation	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
theory	O
,	O
this	O
adjustment	O
process	O
can	O
be	O
automated	O
by	O
computerised	O
search	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
exhaustive	B-Algorithm
search	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
approach	O
to	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
and	O
automated	B-Algorithm
design	I-Algorithm
is	O
evolutionary	O
computation	O
such	O
as	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
the	O
search	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
biologically-inspired	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
(	O
EA	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
instead	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
(	O
non-deterministic	O
)	O
polynomial	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EA	O
based	O
multi-objective	O
"	O
search	O
team	O
"	O
can	O
be	O
interfaced	O
with	O
an	O
existing	O
CAD	B-Application
simulation	O
package	O
in	O
a	O
batch	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
search	O
process	O
,	O
'	O
selection	B-Application
 '	O
is	O
performed	O
using	O
'	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
fittest	O
 '	O
a	O
posteriori	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
websites	O
that	O
demonstrate	O
interactive	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
for	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
