<s>
Computer-aided	B-Application
translation	I-Application
(	O
CAT	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
computer-assisted	B-Application
translation	I-Application
or	O
computer-aided	O
human	O
translation	O
(	O
CAHT	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
software	O
to	O
assist	O
a	O
human	O
translator	O
in	O
the	O
translation	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
translation	O
is	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
human	O
,	O
and	O
certain	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
are	O
facilitated	O
by	O
software	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
(	O
MT	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
translation	O
is	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
optionally	O
with	O
some	O
human	O
intervention	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
CAT	B-Application
tools	I-Application
are	O
typically	O
understood	O
to	O
mean	O
programs	O
that	O
specifically	O
facilitate	O
the	O
actual	O
translation	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
CAT	B-Application
tools	I-Application
have	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
translate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
source	O
file	O
formats	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
editing	O
environment	O
without	O
needing	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
file	O
format	O
's	O
associated	O
software	O
for	O
most	O
or	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
translation	O
process	O
,	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
integration	O
of	O
various	O
utilities	O
or	O
processes	O
that	O
increase	O
productivity	O
and	O
consistency	O
in	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer-assisted	B-Application
translation	I-Application
is	O
a	O
broad	O
and	O
imprecise	O
term	O
covering	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
tools	O
(	O
TM	O
tools	O
)	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
text	O
segments	O
in	O
a	O
source	O
language	O
and	O
their	O
translations	O
in	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
target	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spell	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
,	O
either	O
built	O
into	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
software	O
,	O
or	O
available	O
as	O
add-on	B-Application
programs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Grammar	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
,	O
either	O
built	O
into	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
software	O
,	O
or	O
available	O
as	O
add-on	B-Application
programs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Terminology	B-Language
managers	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
translators	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
own	O
terminology	B-Language
bank	O
in	O
an	O
electronic	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
range	O
from	O
a	O
simple	O
table	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
translator	O
's	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
software	O
or	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
,	O
a	O
database	O
created	O
in	O
a	O
program	O
such	O
as	O
FileMaker	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
or	O
,	O
for	O
more	O
robust	O
(	O
and	O
more	O
expensive	O
)	O
solutions	O
,	O
specialized	O
software	O
packages	O
such	O
as	O
SDL	B-Application
MultiTerm	I-Application
,	O
LogiTerm	O
,	O
Termex	O
,	O
TermWeb	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full-text	B-Application
search	I-Application
tools	I-Application
(	O
or	O
indexers	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
query	O
already	O
translated	O
texts	O
or	O
reference	O
documents	O
of	O
various	O
kinds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
programs	O
store	O
previously	O
translated	O
source	O
texts	O
and	O
their	O
equivalent	O
target	O
texts	O
in	O
a	O
database	O
and	O
retrieve	O
related	O
segments	O
during	O
the	O
translation	O
of	O
new	O
texts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
translator	O
works	O
through	O
a	O
document	O
,	O
the	B-Application
software	I-Application
displays	O
each	O
source	O
segment	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
previous	O
translation	O
for	O
re-use	O
if	O
it	O
finds	O
a	O
matching	O
source	O
segment	O
in	O
its	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
dominant	O
paradigm	O
,	O
the	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
is	O
,	O
in	O
principle	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
database	O
of	O
fields	O
containing	O
the	O
source	O
language	O
segment	O
,	O
the	O
translation	O
of	O
the	O
segment	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
segment	O
creation	O
date	O
,	O
last	O
access	O
,	O
translator	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
approach	O
does	O
not	O
involve	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
database	O
,	O
relying	O
on	O
aligned	O
reference	O
documents	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
programs	O
function	O
as	O
standalone	B-Application
environments	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
function	O
as	O
an	O
add-on	B-Application
or	O
macro	O
for	O
commercially	O
available	O
word-processing	O
or	O
other	O
business	O
software	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Add-on	B-Application
programs	I-Application
allow	O
source	O
documents	O
from	O
other	O
formats	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
files	O
,	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
,	O
or	O
HTML	B-Language
code	I-Language
,	O
to	O
be	O
handled	O
using	O
the	O
TM	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
see	O
MEMOrg	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
searching	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
language	O
search	O
engine	O
searches	O
a	O
large	O
repository	O
of	O
Translation	B-General_Concept
Memories	I-General_Concept
to	O
find	O
previously	O
translated	O
sentence	O
fragments	O
,	O
phrases	O
,	O
whole	O
sentences	O
,	O
even	O
complete	O
paragraphs	O
that	O
match	O
source	O
document	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
traditional	O
TM	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
language	O
search	O
engine	O
rests	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
Translation	B-General_Concept
Memory	I-General_Concept
repository	O
it	O
searches	O
against	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Terminology	B-Application
management	I-Application
software	I-Application
provides	O
the	O
translator	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
automatically	O
searching	O
a	O
given	O
terminology	B-Language
database	O
for	O
terms	O
appearing	O
in	O
a	O
document	O
,	O
either	O
by	O
automatically	O
displaying	O
terms	O
in	O
the	O
translation	B-Application
memory	I-Application
software	I-Application
interface	O
window	O
or	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
hot	O
keys	O
to	O
view	O
the	O
entry	O
in	O
the	O
terminology	B-Language
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
programs	O
have	O
other	O
hotkey	O
combinations	O
allowing	O
the	O
translator	O
to	O
add	O
new	O
terminology	B-Language
pairs	O
to	O
the	O
terminology	B-Language
database	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
during	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
advanced	O
systems	O
enable	O
translators	O
to	O
check	O
,	O
either	O
interactively	O
or	O
in	O
batch	B-General_Concept
mode	I-General_Concept
,	O
if	O
the	O
correct	O
source/target	O
term	O
combination	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
within	O
and	O
across	O
the	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
segments	O
in	O
a	O
given	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Independent	O
terminology	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
also	O
exist	O
that	O
can	O
provide	O
workflow	O
functionality	O
,	O
visual	O
taxonomy	O
,	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
term	O
checker	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
spell	B-Application
checker	I-Application
,	O
terms	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
used	O
correctly	O
are	O
flagged	O
)	O
and	O
can	O
support	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
multilingual	O
term	O
facet	O
classifications	O
such	O
as	O
pictures	O
,	O
videos	O
,	O
or	O
sound	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
database	O
or	O
to	O
add	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
machine	I-General_Concept
translation	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
paradigm	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
automatic	O
system	O
attempts	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
translation	O
the	O
human	O
translator	O
is	O
going	O
to	O
produce	O
by	O
suggesting	O
translation	O
hypotheses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Augmented	O
translation	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
human	O
translation	O
carried	O
out	O
within	O
an	O
integrated	O
technology	O
environment	O
that	O
provides	O
translators	O
access	O
to	O
subsegment	O
adaptive	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
(	O
MT	O
)	O
and	O
translation	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
(	O
TM	O
)	O
,	O
terminology	B-Language
lookup	O
(	O
CAT	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
automatic	O
content	O
enrichment	O
(	O
ACE	O
)	O
to	O
aid	O
their	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
automates	O
project	O
management	O
,	O
file	O
handling	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
ancillary	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
,	O
augmented	O
translation	O
seeks	O
to	O
make	O
translators	O
more	O
productive	O
by	O
providing	O
them	O
with	O
relevant	O
information	O
on	O
an	O
as-needed	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
differs	O
from	O
classical	O
postediting	O
of	O
MT	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
linguists	O
revise	O
entire	O
texts	O
translated	O
by	O
machines	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
provides	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
and	O
information	O
as	O
suggestions	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
adopted	O
in	O
their	O
entirety	O
,	O
edited	O
,	O
or	O
ignored	O
,	O
as	O
appropriate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Augmented	O
translation	O
extends	O
principles	O
first	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
that	O
made	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
CAT	B-Application
tools	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
translators	O
historically	O
have	O
had	O
to	O
leave	O
their	O
translation	O
environments	O
to	O
do	O
terminology	B-Language
research	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
an	O
augmented	O
environment	O
,	O
an	O
ACE	O
component	O
would	O
automatically	O
provide	O
links	O
to	O
information	O
about	O
terms	O
and	O
concepts	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
text	O
directly	O
within	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
