<s>
Computed	B-Algorithm
tomography	I-Algorithm
laser	I-Algorithm
mammography	I-Algorithm
(	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
the	O
trademark	O
of	O
Imaging	O
Diagnostic	O
Systems	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
IDSI	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
)	O
for	O
its	O
optical	B-Algorithm
tomographic	I-Algorithm
technique	O
for	O
female	O
breast	O
imaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
technique	I-Application
uses	O
laser	O
energy	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
infrared	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
spectrum	O
,	O
to	O
detect	O
angiogenesis	O
in	O
the	O
breast	O
tissue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTLM	B-Algorithm
images	O
show	O
hemoglobin	O
distribution	O
in	O
a	O
tissue	O
and	O
can	O
detect	O
areas	O
of	O
Angiogenesis	O
surrounding	O
malignant	O
tumors	O
,	O
that	O
stimulate	O
this	O
angiogenesis	O
to	O
obtain	O
nutrients	O
for	O
growth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTLM	B-Algorithm
was	O
therefore	O
developed	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
X-Ray	O
mammography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTLM	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
non-invasive	O
practical	O
system	O
that	O
uses	O
near-infrared	O
laser	O
light	O
propagation	O
through	O
the	O
tissue	O
to	O
assess	O
its	O
optical	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
new	O
forming	O
tumors	O
,	O
the	O
blood	O
flow	O
increases	O
and	O
the	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
then	O
looks	O
for	O
high	O
hemoglobin	O
concentration	O
(	O
angiogenesis	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
breast	O
that	O
are	O
structurally	O
and	O
functionally	O
abnormal	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
detect	O
neovascularization	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
hidden	O
in	O
mammography	O
images	O
especially	O
in	O
dense	O
breast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
device	O
uses	O
a	O
laser	O
diode	O
than	O
emits	O
laser	O
light	O
at	O
an	O
808	O
nm	O
wavelength	O
in	O
the	O
NIR	O
spectrum	O
that	O
matches	O
the	O
crossover	O
point	O
of	O
strong	O
absorption	O
of	O
both	O
oxygenated	O
and	O
deoxygenated	O
hemoglobin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTLM	B-Algorithm
looks	O
for	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
high	O
absorption	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
hemoglobin	O
concentration	O
indicating	O
rich	O
network	O
of	O
blood	O
vessels	O
,	O
or	O
angiogenesis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
area	O
of	O
angiogenesis	O
is	O
generally	O
much	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
tumor	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
hence	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
can	O
detect	O
small	O
tumors	O
that	O
are	O
sometimes	O
invisible	O
if	O
using	O
other	O
imaging	O
modalities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
mammogram	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
system	O
uses	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
source	O
and	O
detector	O
positions	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
diffusion	O
approximation	O
of	O
light	O
propagation	O
in	O
tissue	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
increased	O
vascularity	O
in	O
the	O
breast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
acquisition	O
of	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
standard	O
CT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
difference	O
is	O
that	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
uses	O
near-infrared	O
light	O
,	O
not	O
X-ray	O
,	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
working	O
array	O
of	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
device	O
rotates	O
360	O
degrees	O
around	O
the	O
breast	O
and	O
takes	O
approximately	O
16,000	O
absorption	O
measurements	O
per	O
slice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reconstruction	O
of	O
the	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
images	O
is	O
performed	O
slice	O
by	O
slice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
corrects	O
for	O
geometric	O
distortions	O
due	O
to	O
bulk	O
light-tissue	O
interaction	O
,	O
and	O
compensates	O
for	O
a	O
spatially	O
variant	O
blurring	O
effect	O
that	O
is	O
typical	O
of	O
diffuse	B-Algorithm
optical	I-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
shape	O
and	O
texture	O
of	O
angiogenesis	O
in	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
images	O
are	O
significant	O
characteristics	O
to	O
differentiate	O
malignancy	O
or	O
benign	O
lesions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
computer-aided	O
diagnosis	O
framework	O
containing	O
three	O
main	O
stages	O
,	O
volume	O
of	O
interest	O
(	O
VOI	O
)	O
,	O
feature	O
extraction	O
and	O
classification	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
radiologist	O
in	O
the	O
interpretation	O
of	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
reconstruction	O
modes	O
are	O
offered	O
with	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
:	O
Front	O
to	O
Back	O
Reconstruction	O
and	O
Maximal	O
Intensity	O
Projection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
because	O
tumor	O
neovasculature	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
tumor	O
's	O
anatomical	O
border	O
,	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
will	O
also	O
reveal	O
all	O
recruited	O
arteries	O
and	O
areas	O
of	O
increased	O
circulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dr.	O
Eric	O
Milne	O
conducted	O
a	O
small	O
localized	O
studying	O
using	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
mammography	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
discovered	O
that	O
out	O
of	O
122	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
biopsies	O
required	O
reduced	O
from	O
89	O
to	O
47	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
is	O
equal	O
to	O
mammography	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
much	O
greater	O
specificity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Imaging	O
Diagnostic	O
Systems	O
is	O
a	O
Florida-based	O
company	O
that	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
imaging	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CTLM	B-Algorithm
has	O
uses	O
a	O
near	O
infrared	O
laser	O
of	O
wavelength	O
~	O
808	O
nm	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
impeded	O
by	O
the	O
dense	O
breast	O
tissue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
mammography	O
,	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
and	O
mammography+CTLM	O
was	O
34.4	O
%	O
,	O
74.4	O
%	O
and	O
81.57	O
%	O
respectively	O
among	O
extremely	O
dense	O
breasts	O
and	O
68.29	O
%	O
,	O
85.00	O
%	O
and	O
95.34	O
%	O
respectively	O
among	O
heterogeneously	O
dense	O
breasts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combination	O
of	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
and	O
mammography	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
benign	O
and	O
malignant	O
tumors	O
with	O
higher	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radiologist	O
requires	O
specific	O
skills	O
to	O
interpret	O
and	O
distinguish	O
blood	O
vessels	O
in	O
the	O
CTLM	B-Algorithm
images	O
which	O
is	O
time	O
consuming	O
and	O
complicated	O
due	O
to	O
various	O
shape	O
of	O
angiogenesis	O
.	O
</s>
