<s>
The	O
term	O
Computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
for	O
addressing	O
the	O
whole	O
range	O
of	O
investigating	O
pictures	O
scientifically	O
"	O
in	O
"	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Last	O
(	O
though	O
not	O
least	O
)	O
,	O
important	O
contributions	O
to	O
certain	O
aspects	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
science	O
of	O
images	O
have	O
come	O
from	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
too	O
,	O
considering	O
pictures	O
evolved	O
originally	O
along	O
several	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
independent	O
questions	O
,	O
which	O
lead	O
to	O
proper	O
sub-disciplines	O
:	O
computer	O
graphics	O
is	O
certainly	O
the	O
most	O
"	O
visible	O
"	O
among	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
just	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
effort	O
has	O
been	O
increased	O
to	O
finally	O
form	O
a	O
unique	O
and	O
partially	O
autonomous	O
branch	O
of	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
dedicated	O
to	O
images	O
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
analogy	O
to	O
computational	O
linguistics	O
,	O
the	O
artificial	O
expression	O
computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
for	O
addressing	O
the	O
whole	O
range	O
of	O
investigating	O
scientifically	O
pictures	O
"	O
in	O
"	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
science	O
of	O
images	O
within	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
abstract	O
data	O
type	O
»	O
image«	O
(	O
or	O
perhaps	O
several	O
such	O
types	O
)	O
stands	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
interest	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
implementations	O
(	O
cf	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
three	O
main	O
groups	O
of	O
algorithms	O
for	O
that	O
data	O
type	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
called	O
image	B-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
attention	O
is	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
operations	O
that	O
take	O
(	O
at	O
least	O
)	O
one	O
picture	O
(	O
and	O
potentially	O
several	O
secondary	O
parameters	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
images	O
)	O
and	O
relate	O
it	O
to	O
another	O
picture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
it	O
has	O
performed	O
important	O
precursory	O
work	O
for	O
computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
since	O
the	O
early	O
1950s	O
in	O
those	O
areas	O
that	O
essentially	O
classify	O
information	O
in	O
given	O
images	O
:	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
simple	O
geometric	O
Gestalts	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
"	O
circular	O
region	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
classification	O
of	O
letters	O
(	O
recognition	O
of	O
handwriting	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
seeing	O
"	O
of	O
spatial	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
images	O
or	O
even	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
stylistic	O
attributes	O
of	O
the	O
representation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
neighboring	O
field	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
is	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
(	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
)	O
in	O
which	O
computer	B-General_Concept
scientists	I-General_Concept
try	O
to	O
teach	O
–	O
loosely	O
speaking	O
–	O
computers	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
visual	O
perception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
problem	O
rather	O
belongs	O
to	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
to	O
the	O
degree	O
to	O
which	O
its	O
goal	O
is	O
"	O
semantic	O
"	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
approximates	O
the	O
human	O
seeing	O
of	O
objects	O
in	O
a	O
picture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
investigation	O
of	O
possibilities	O
gained	O
by	O
the	O
operations	O
that	O
result	O
in	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
type	O
»	O
image«	O
but	O
take	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
point	O
instances	O
of	O
non-pictorial	O
data	O
types	O
is	O
performed	O
in	O
particular	O
in	O
computer	O
graphics	O
and	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scientists	O
in	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
are	O
interested	O
in	O
presenting	O
pictorially	O
any	O
other	O
data	O
type	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
those	O
that	O
consist	O
of	O
non-visual	O
components	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
space	O
"	O
of	O
states	O
:	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
,	O
a	O
convention	O
of	O
visual	O
presentation	O
has	O
firstly	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
–	O
e.g.	O
,	O
a	O
code	O
of	O
colors	O
or	O
certain	O
icons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
well-known	O
fractal	O
images	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
of	O
the	B-Algorithm
Mandelbrot	I-Algorithm
set	I-Algorithm
)	O
form	O
a	O
borderline	O
case	O
of	O
information	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
since	O
an	O
abstract	O
mathematical	O
property	O
has	O
been	O
visualized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
subject	O
of	O
computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Magdeburg	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
five-year	O
diploma	O
programme	O
has	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
courses	O
as	O
its	O
core	O
:	O
students	O
learn	O
about	O
digital	O
methods	O
and	O
electronic	O
tools	O
for	O
solving	O
picture-related	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
expression	O
'	O
computational	B-General_Concept
visualistics	I-General_Concept
 '	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
a	O
similar	O
degree	O
programme	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
at	O
Koblenz-Landau	O
.	O
</s>
