<s>
Computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
refers	O
to	O
digital	O
image	O
capture	O
and	O
processing	O
techniques	O
that	O
use	O
digital	O
computation	O
instead	O
of	O
optical	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
can	O
improve	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
a	O
camera	O
,	O
or	O
introduce	O
features	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
possible	O
at	O
all	O
with	O
film	O
based	O
photography	O
,	O
or	O
reduce	O
the	O
cost	O
or	O
size	O
of	O
camera	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
include	O
in-camera	O
computation	O
of	O
digital	O
panoramas	B-Application
,	O
high-dynamic-range	O
images	O
,	O
and	O
light	O
field	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
optics	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
image	B-Algorithm
scaling	I-Algorithm
,	O
dynamic	O
range	O
compression	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
tone	B-Language
mapping	I-Language
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
image	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
,	O
digital	O
watermarking	O
,	O
and	O
artistic	O
image	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
omitted	O
are	O
techniques	O
that	O
produce	O
range	B-Algorithm
data	I-Algorithm
,	O
</s>
<s>
volume	B-Algorithm
data	I-Algorithm
,	O
3D	O
models	O
,	O
4D	O
light	O
fields	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Epsilon	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
sub-field	O
of	O
computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Photos	O
taken	O
using	O
computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
can	O
allow	O
amateurs	O
to	O
produce	O
photographs	O
rivalling	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
professional	O
photographers	O
,	O
but	O
currently	O
(	O
2019	O
)	O
do	O
not	O
outperform	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
professional-level	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
applications	O
include	O
image-based	O
relighting	O
,	O
image	O
enhancement	O
,	O
image	B-Algorithm
deblurring	I-Algorithm
,	O
geometry/material	O
recovery	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coded	O
aperture	O
imaging	O
was	O
mainly	O
applied	O
in	O
astronomy	O
or	O
X-ray	B-Library
imaging	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
image	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
pin-hole	O
,	O
a	O
pinhole	O
pattern	O
is	O
applied	O
in	O
imaging	O
,	O
and	O
deconvolution	B-Algorithm
is	O
performed	O
to	O
recover	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
motion	O
deblurring	B-Algorithm
becomes	O
a	O
well-conditioned	B-Algorithm
problem	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
focus	O
deblurring	B-Algorithm
becomes	O
a	O
well-conditioned	B-Algorithm
problem	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
coded	O
aperture	O
can	O
also	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
in	O
light	O
field	O
acquisition	O
using	O
Hadamard	O
transform	O
optics	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
light	O
that	O
reaches	O
the	O
camera	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
,	O
compared	O
to	O
binary	O
masks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	O
imaging	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
imaging	O
techniques	O
that	O
combine	O
data	O
acquisition	O
and	O
data	O
processing	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
an	O
object	O
through	O
indirect	O
means	O
to	O
yield	O
enhanced	O
resolution	O
,	O
additional	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
optical	O
phase	O
or	O
3D	B-Algorithm
reconstruction	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
optical	O
spectrum	O
where	O
imaging	O
elements	O
such	O
as	O
objectives	O
are	O
difficult	O
to	O
manufacture	O
or	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
cannot	O
be	O
miniaturized	O
,	O
computational	O
imaging	O
provides	O
useful	O
alternatives	O
,	O
in	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
X-ray	B-Library
and	O
THz	B-Architecture
radiations	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
techniques	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
computational	O
imaging	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
digital	B-Algorithm
holography	I-Algorithm
,	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
and	O
inverse	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
tomography	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
detectors	O
that	O
combine	O
sensing	O
and	O
processing	O
,	O
typically	O
in	O
hardware	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
oversampled	B-Algorithm
binary	I-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
techniques	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
literature	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
an	O
art	O
form	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
practiced	O
by	O
capture	O
of	O
differently	O
exposed	O
pictures	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
subject	O
matter	O
,	O
and	O
combining	O
them	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
inspiration	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
wearable	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
and	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Charles	O
Wyckoff	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
datasets	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
