<s>
Computational	B-General_Concept
heuristic	I-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
(	O
CHI	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
specialized	O
programming	O
techniques	O
in	O
computational	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
(	O
also	O
called	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
or	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
best	O
summarized	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
exemplar-based	O
methods	O
(	O
heuristics	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
rule-based	O
methods	O
(	O
algorithms	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
the	O
term	O
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
more	O
conventional	O
computational	O
algorithmic	O
intelligence	O
,	O
or	O
GOFAI	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
the	O
legal	O
systems	O
of	O
all	O
modern	O
human	O
societies	O
employ	O
both	O
heuristics	B-Algorithm
(	O
generalisations	O
of	O
cases	O
)	O
from	O
individual	O
trial	O
records	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
legislated	O
statutes	O
(	O
rules	O
)	O
as	O
regulatory	O
guides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
approach	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
computational	B-Algorithm
cybernetics	I-Algorithm
,	O
because	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
the	O
term	O
'	O
computational	O
 '	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
conventional	O
computer	O
programming	O
techniques	O
which	O
represent	O
a	O
strategic	O
,	O
compiled	O
,	O
or	O
feedforward	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
the	O
term	O
'	O
cybernetic	O
 '	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
conventional	O
system	O
operation	O
techniques	O
which	O
represent	O
a	O
tactical	O
,	O
interpreted	O
,	O
or	O
feedback	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AI	B-Application
engineer	O
must	O
choose	O
between	O
mathematical	O
and	O
cybernetic	O
problem	O
solution	O
and	O
machine	O
design	O
paradigms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
is	O
this	O
belief	O
false	O
,	O
it	O
fails	O
most	O
spectacularly	O
in	O
many	O
AI	B-Application
scenarios	O
.	O
</s>
