<s>
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
is	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
framework	I-Architecture
created	O
by	O
Rockford	O
Lhotka	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
standard	O
way	O
to	O
create	O
robust	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
programs	O
using	O
business	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
are	O
objects	O
that	O
abstract	O
business	B-General_Concept
entities	I-General_Concept
in	O
an	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
examples	O
of	O
business	B-General_Concept
entities	I-General_Concept
include	O
sales	O
orders	O
,	O
employees	O
,	O
or	O
invoices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSLA	O
(	O
Component-based	B-Language
Scalable	I-Language
Logical	I-Language
Architecture	I-Language
)	O
was	O
originally	O
targeted	O
toward	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
6	I-Language
in	O
the	O
book	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
6.0	I-Language
Business	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
by	O
Lhotka	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
,	O
CSLA	O
was	O
completely	O
rewritten	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
code	O
carried	O
forward	O
,	O
and	O
called	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
revision	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
Web	O
Services	O
and	O
the	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
that	O
came	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
(	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic.NET	I-Language
and	O
C#	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
was	O
expounded	O
in	O
Expert	O
C#	B-Application
Business	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
and	O
Expert	O
One-on-One	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.NET	B-Application
Business	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
,	O
both	O
written	O
by	O
Lhotka	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
CSLA	O
and	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
were	O
originally	O
targeted	O
toward	O
Microsoft	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
most	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
information	O
about	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
is	O
available	O
through	O
Lhotka	O
's	O
self-published	O
Using	O
CSLA	O
4	O
ebook	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
business	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
encapsulates	O
all	O
the	O
data	O
and	O
behavior	O
(	O
business	O
logic	O
and	O
rules	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
object	O
it	O
represents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
framework	O
provides	O
a	O
rules	O
engine	O
that	O
supports	O
validation	O
rules	O
,	O
business	O
rules	O
,	O
and	O
authorization	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
rules	O
are	O
attached	O
to	O
object	O
instances	O
or	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
automatically	O
invoked	O
by	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
when	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Validation	O
rules	O
may	O
be	O
implemented	O
using	O
the	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
rule	O
engine	O
,	O
or	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
DataAnnotations	O
feature	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
creation	O
,	O
retrieval	O
,	O
updates	O
,	O
and	O
deletes	O
(	O
CRUD	B-General_Concept
)	O
are	O
performed	O
by	O
clearly	O
defined	O
methods	O
of	O
the	O
business	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
associated	O
with	O
the	O
data	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
access	O
logic	O
is	O
clearly	O
separated	O
from	O
business	O
logic	O
,	O
typically	O
using	O
a	O
repository	O
pattern	O
or	O
other	O
mainstream	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
manages	O
the	O
metastate	O
about	O
each	O
business	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
each	O
business	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
tracks	O
information	O
about	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
new	O
(	O
it	O
represents	O
data	O
that	O
has	O
n't	O
been	O
saved	O
yet	O
)	O
and	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
dirty	O
(	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
saved	O
to	O
the	O
database	O
either	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
new	O
or	O
because	O
its	O
member	O
data	O
has	O
been	O
changed	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
last	O
loaded	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
can	O
also	O
be	O
marked	O
for	O
deletion	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
later	O
be	O
deleted	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
when	O
a	O
user	O
has	O
pressed	O
a	O
button	O
confirming	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
intention	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
rows	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
created	O
using	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
fully	O
support	O
data	O
binding	O
for	O
all	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
UI	O
technologies	O
,	O
including	O
Windows	O
Runtime	O
(	O
WinRT	O
)	O
,	O
WPF	B-Device
,	O
Web	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
,	O
ASP.NET	B-Language
MVC	I-Language
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
,	O
Silverlight	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data-bound	O
controls	O
like	O
DataGrids	O
and	O
ListBoxes	O
can	O
be	O
bound	O
to	O
business	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
instead	O
of	O
more	O
generalized	O
database	O
objects	O
like	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
DataSets	O
and	O
DataTables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
framework	O
implements	O
a	O
concept	O
called	O
mobile	O
objects	O
or	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
agents	I-Operating_System
to	O
allow	O
objects	O
to	O
move	O
across	O
network	O
boundaries	O
using	O
WCF	B-Application
,	O
Web	O
Services	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
access	O
enjoys	O
location	B-Protocol
transparency	I-Protocol
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
the	O
logic	O
may	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
client	O
workstation	O
or	O
server	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
configuration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
use	O
manual	O
database	B-General_Concept
transactions	I-General_Concept
or	O
distributed	O
two-phase	B-General_Concept
commit	I-General_Concept
transactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
access	O
logic	O
is	O
cleanly	O
separated	O
from	O
business	O
logic	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
using	O
any	O
data	O
access	O
technology	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
ADO.NET	B-Application
Entity	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
,	O
raw	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
,	O
nHibernate	B-Language
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	O
logic	O
created	O
with	O
the	O
CSLA	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
framework	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
exposed	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
service	O
to	O
remote	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
using	O
server-side	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Web	B-General_Concept
API	I-General_Concept
,	O
WCF	B-Application
,	O
and	O
asmx	O
web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
