<s>
Event	B-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
tracking	O
and	O
analyzing	B-General_Concept
(	O
processing	O
)	O
streams	O
of	O
information	O
(	O
data	O
)	O
about	O
things	O
that	O
happen	O
(	O
events	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
deriving	O
a	O
conclusion	O
from	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Complex	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
CEP	O
,	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
concepts	O
and	O
techniques	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
for	O
processing	O
real-time	O
events	O
and	O
extracting	O
information	O
from	O
event	O
streams	O
as	O
they	O
arrive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
complex	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
is	O
to	O
identify	O
meaningful	O
events	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
opportunities	O
or	O
threats	O
)	O
in	O
real-time	O
situations	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
them	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
are	O
now	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
(	O
2018	O
)	O
in	O
many	O
sectors	O
of	O
business	O
including	O
stock	O
market	O
trading	O
systems	O
,	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
,	O
internet	O
operations	O
,	O
fraud	O
detection	O
,	O
the	O
transportation	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
governmental	O
intelligence	O
gathering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
vast	O
amount	O
of	O
information	O
available	O
about	O
events	O
is	O
sometimes	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
event	B-Operating_System
cloud	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEP	O
as	O
a	O
technique	O
helps	O
discover	O
complex	O
events	O
by	O
analyzing	B-General_Concept
and	O
correlating	O
other	O
events	O
:	O
the	O
bells	O
,	O
the	O
man	O
and	O
woman	O
in	O
wedding	O
attire	O
and	O
the	O
rice	O
flying	O
through	O
the	O
air	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
applications	O
of	O
CEP	O
exist	O
in	O
variety	O
of	O
industries	O
and	O
include	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
credit-card	O
fraud	O
,	O
business	B-Application
activity	I-Application
monitoring	I-Application
,	O
and	O
security	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CEP	O
area	O
has	O
roots	O
in	O
discrete	B-General_Concept
event	I-General_Concept
simulation	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
active	O
database	O
area	O
and	O
some	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
parallel	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
two	O
other	O
research	O
projects	O
:	O
Infospheres	O
in	O
California	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
,	O
directed	O
by	O
K	O
.	O
Mani	O
Chandy	O
,	O
and	O
Apama	B-General_Concept
in	O
University	O
of	O
Cambridge	O
directed	O
by	O
John	O
Bates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Community	O
efforts	O
started	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
event	B-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
symposiums	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
Event	B-General_Concept
Processing	I-General_Concept
Technical	I-General_Concept
Society	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
later	O
by	O
the	O
ACM	O
DEBS	O
conference	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
efforts	O
was	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
event	B-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
manifesto	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
network	O
management	O
,	O
systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
,	O
application	O
management	O
and	O
service	O
management	O
,	O
people	O
usually	O
refer	O
instead	O
to	O
event	O
correlation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inference	O
engines	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
rule-based	O
reasoning	O
engines	O
,	O
typically	O
produce	O
inferred	O
information	O
in	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
recent	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
review	O
on	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
CEP	O
with	O
BPM	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
frequently	O
labeled	O
as	O
Event-Driven	B-Application
Business	O
Process	O
Management	O
,	O
refer	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEP	O
software	O
can	O
factor	O
real-time	O
information	O
about	O
millions	O
of	O
events	O
(	O
clicks	O
or	O
other	O
interactions	O
)	O
per	O
second	O
into	O
business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
decision-support	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
"	O
recommendation	B-Application
applications	I-Application
"	O
help	O
agents	O
provide	O
personalized	O
service	O
based	O
on	O
each	O
customer	O
's	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
series	O
data	O
provides	O
a	O
historical	O
context	O
to	O
the	O
analysis	O
typically	O
associated	O
with	O
complex	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Complex	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
processing	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
key	O
enabler	O
in	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
settings	O
and	O
smart	O
cyber-physical	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPS	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
these	O
techniques	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
representing	O
the	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
system	O
's	O
state	O
and	O
its	O
changes	O
is	O
more	O
efficient	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
data	O
stream	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
static	O
,	O
materialized	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reasoning	O
over	O
such	O
stream-based	O
models	O
fundamentally	O
differs	O
from	O
traditional	O
reasoning	O
techniques	O
and	O
typically	O
require	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
model	B-Language
transformations	I-Language
and	O
CEP	O
.	O
</s>
