<s>
String	B-Language
functions	I-Language
are	O
used	O
in	O
computer	O
programming	O
languages	O
to	O
manipulate	O
a	O
string	O
or	O
query	O
information	O
about	O
a	O
string	O
(	O
some	O
do	O
both	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
programming	O
languages	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
string	O
datatype	O
will	O
have	O
some	O
string	B-Language
functions	I-Language
although	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
other	O
low-level	O
ways	O
within	O
each	O
language	O
to	O
handle	O
strings	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
object-oriented	O
languages	O
,	O
string	B-Language
functions	I-Language
are	O
often	O
implemented	O
as	O
properties	O
and	O
methods	O
of	O
string	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
functional	B-Language
and	O
list-based	O
languages	O
a	O
string	O
is	O
represented	O
as	O
a	O
list	O
(	O
of	O
character	O
codes	O
)	O
,	O
therefore	O
all	O
list-manipulation	O
procedures	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
string	B-Language
functions	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
function	O
that	O
manipulate	O
strings	O
,	O
modern	O
object-oriented	O
languages	O
,	O
like	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
Java	B-Language
have	O
immutable	O
strings	O
and	O
return	O
a	O
copy	O
(	O
in	O
newly	O
allocated	O
dynamic	O
memory	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
,	O
like	O
C	B-Language
manipulate	O
the	O
original	O
string	O
unless	O
the	O
programmer	O
copies	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
basic	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
string	B-Language
function	I-Language
is	O
the	O
length(string )	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
function	O
returns	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
a	O
string	B-Language
literal	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
languages	O
may	O
have	O
string	B-Language
functions	I-Language
with	O
similar	O
or	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
syntax	O
or	O
parameters	O
or	O
outcomes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
many	O
languages	O
the	O
length	O
function	O
is	O
usually	O
represented	O
as	O
len(string )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
String	B-Language
functions	I-Language
common	O
to	O
many	O
languages	O
are	O
listed	O
below	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
different	O
names	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
,	O
string	O
concatenation	O
and	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
are	O
handled	O
in	O
separate	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
Base	O
index	O
string[i]ALGOL	O
68	O
,	O
APL	B-Language
,	O
Julia	B-Application
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
,	O
Seed71	O
string[i]C,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Cobra	B-Language
,	O
D	B-Application
,	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
,	O
Go	B-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
APL0	O
string{i}PHP	O
(	O
deprecated	O
in	O
5.3	O
)	O
0	O
string(i )	O
Ada≥1	O
Mid(string,i,1 )	O
VB1	O
MID$( string	O
,	O
i	O
,	O
1	O
)	O
BASIC1	O
string.Chars(i )	O
VB.NET0	O
string( 	O
i:i	O
)	O
Fortran1	O
string.charAt(i )	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript0	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
[i]OCaml,	O
F	O
#0	O
string.chars( )	O
.nth(i )	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
str::chars	O
method	O
iterates	O
over	O
code	O
points	O
and	O
the	O
std::iter::Iterator::nth	O
method	O
on	O
iterators	O
returns	O
the	O
zero-indexed	O
nth	O
value	O
from	O
the	O
iterator	O
,	O
or	O
None.0	O
string[i,1]Pick	O
Basic1	O
String.sub	O
(	O
string	O
,	O
i	O
)	O
Standard	O
ML0	O
string	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exceptions	O
are	O
the	O
Scheme	B-Language
and	O
Rexx	B-Language
routines	O
which	O
return	O
the	O
index	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
mismatch	O
,	O
and	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
which	O
answer	O
a	O
comparison	O
code	O
telling	O
how	O
the	O
receiver	O
sorts	O
relative	O
to	O
string	O
parameter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
IF	O
string1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1	O
method	O
on	O
a	O
string	O
returns	O
a	O
std::strong_ordering	O
object	O
(	O
otherwise	O
std::weak_ordering	O
)	O
:	O
less	O
,	O
equal	O
(	O
same	O
as	O
equivalent	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
greater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string1.compare(string2 )	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
,	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
Foundation	O
)	O
compare(string1, string2 )	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
Seed7	B-Language
CompareStr(string1, string2 )	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
string1.compareTo(string2 )	O
Cobra	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
string1.CompareTo(string2 )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
(	O
compare	O
string1	O
string2	O
)	O
Clojure	B-Language
(	O
string	O
=	O
string1	O
string2	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
string-compare	O
string1	O
string2	O
pxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
SRFI	O
13	O
)	O
(	O
string	O
=	O
string1	O
string2	O
)	O
ISLISP	B-Language
compare	O
string1	O
string2OCaml	O
String.compare	O
(	O
string1	O
,	O
string2	O
)	O
Standard	O
MLreturns	O
LESS	O
,	O
EQUAL	O
,	O
or	O
GREATER	O
compare	O
string1	O
string2Haskellreturns	O
LT	O
,	O
EQ	O
,	O
or	O
GT	O
[	O
string ]	O
::Compare(string1, string2 )	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
[	O
string1	O
compare:string2	O
]	O
Objective-C	B-Language
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
LLT(string1,string2 )	O
LLE(string1,string2 )	O
LGT(string1,string2 )	O
LGE(string1,string2 )	O
Fortranreturns	O
.TRUE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string1.localeCompare(string2 )	O
JavaScript	B-Language
bytes.Compare	O
( []	O
byte(string1 )	O
,	O
 [  ] 	O
byte(string2 )	O
)	O
Go	B-Application
string	O
compare	O
?	O
-nocase	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
string1.cmp(string2 )	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Ord::cmp	O
method	O
on	O
a	O
string	O
returns	O
an	O
Ordering	O
:	O
Less	O
,	O
Equal	O
,	O
or	O
Greater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string1	O
OP	O
string2	O
,	O
where	O
OP	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
=	O
,	O
<>, <, >, <= and >=Pascal, Object Pascal (Delphi ) , OCaml, Seed7, Standard ML, BASIC, VB, VB .NET, F# string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of  =, /=, ≠, <, >	O
,	O
<=	O
,	O
≤	O
and	O
≥	O
;	O
Also	O
:	O
EQ	O
,	O
NE	O
,	O
LT	O
,	O
LE	O
,	O
GE	O
and	O
GTALGOL	O
68	O
(	O
stringOP	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
string1	O
string2	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
OP	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
=	O
,	O
-ci	O
=	O
,	O
<, -ci<, >, -ci>, <=, -ci<=, >= and -ci>= (operators starting with '-ci' are case-insensitive ) Scheme (stringOP string1 string2 ) , where OP can be any of =, -ci=, <>, -ci<>, <, -ci<, >, -ci>, <=, -ci<=, >= and -ci>= (operators starting with '-ci' are case-insensitive ) Scheme (SRFI 13 )  (stringOP string1 string2 ) , where OP can be any of =, -equal, /=, -not-equal, <, -lessp, >, -greaterp, <=, -not-greaterp, >= and -not-lessp (the verbal operators are case-insensitive )  Common Lisp (stringOP string1 string2 ) , where OP can be any of =, /=, <, >, <=, and >=ISLISP string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of  =, \=, <, >, <= and >=Rexx string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of  =, ¬=, <, >, <=, >=, ¬< and ¬>PL/I string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of =, /=, <, >, <= and >=Ada string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of ==, /=, <, >, =< and >=Erlang string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of ==, /=, <, >, <= and >=Haskell string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of eq, ne, lt, gt, le and gePerl,  Raku string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of ==, !=, <, >, <= and >=C++ (STL ) , C#, D, Go, JavaScript, Python, PHP, Ruby, Rust,In Rust, the operators == and != and the methods eq, ne are implemented by the PartialEq trait, and the operators <, >, <=, >	O
=	O
and	O
the	O
methods	O
lt	O
,	O
gt	O
,	O
le	O
,	O
ge	O
are	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
PartialOrd	O
trait	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swift	B-Application
string1	O
OP	O
string2	O
,	O
where	O
OP	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
-eq	O
,	O
-ceq	O
,	O
-ne	O
,	O
-cne	O
,	O
-lt	O
,	O
-clt	O
,	O
-gt	O
,	O
-cgt	O
,	O
-le	O
,	O
-cle	O
,	O
-ge	O
,	O
and	O
-cge	O
(	O
operators	O
starting	O
with	O
'	O
c	B-Language
 '	O
are	O
case-sensitive	O
)	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
string1	O
OP	O
string2	O
,	O
where	O
OP	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
==	O
,	O
~	O
=	O
,	O
<, >, <= and >=Lua string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of =, ~=, <, >, <= and >=Smalltalk string1 OP string2, where OP can be any of ==, /=, <, >, <= and >	O
=	O
;	O
Also	O
:	O
.EQ.	O
,	O
.NE.	O
,	O
.LT.	O
,	O
.LE.	O
,	O
.GT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
.GE.Fortran.The	O
operators	O
use	O
the	O
compiler	O
's	O
default	O
collating	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string1	O
OP	O
string2	O
where	O
OP	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
of	O
=	O
,	O
<>, <, >, <=, >= as well as worded equivalents COBOL string1 OP string2 where OP can be any of ==, <>, <, >, <= and >	O
=	O
Cobra	B-Language
string1	O
OP	O
string2	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
syntax	O
,	O
but	O
means	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
pointers	O
pointing	O
to	O
the	O
strings	O
,	O
not	O
of	O
the	O
string	O
contents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
some	O
languages	O
like	O
C	B-Language
have	O
mutable	O
strings	O
,	O
so	O
really	O
the	O
second	O
string	O
is	O
being	O
appended	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
string	O
and	O
the	O
mutated	O
string	O
is	O
returned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string1	O
&	O
string2Ada	O
,	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
,	O
Seed7	B-Language
,	O
BASIC	O
,	O
VB	B-Language
,	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
COBOL	B-Application
(	O
between	O
literals	O
only	O
)	O
strcat(string1, string2 )	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
char	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
modifies	O
string1	O
,	O
which	O
must	O
have	O
enough	O
space	O
to	O
store	O
the	O
result	O
string1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string2Perl	O
,	O
PHP	B-Application
string1	O
+	O
string2ALGOL	O
68	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Cobra	B-Language
,	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
,	O
Go	B-Application
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
In	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
+	O
operator	O
is	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
Add	O
trait	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string_in_string(string, loc int, substring )	O
ALGOL	B-Language
68	I-Language
ContainsStr(string, substring )	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
strstr(string, substring )	O
!=	O
NULL	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
char	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
string.Contains(substring )	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
string.contains(substring )	O
Cobra	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
1.5	O
+	O
)	O
,	O
Raku	B-Application
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
See	O
the	O
str::contains	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C++	B-Language
(	O
C++23	B-Language
)	O
See	O
the	O
std::basic_string::contains	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string.indexOf(substring )	O
>=	O
0JavaScript	O
strpos(string, substring )	O
!=	O
=	O
falsePHP	O
str_contains(string, substring )	O
PHP	B-Application
(	O
8+	O
)	O
pos(string, substring )	O
<>	O
0Seed7	O
substring	O
in	O
stringCobra	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
(	O
2.3	O
+	O
)	O
string.find(string, substring )	O
~	O
=	O
nilLua	O
string.include	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
substring	O
)	O
Ruby	B-Language
Data.List.isInfixOf	O
substring	O
stringHaskell	O
(	O
GHC	O
6.6	O
+	O
)	O
string	O
includesSubstring	O
:	O
substringSmalltalk	O
(	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
Pharo	B-Language
,	O
Smalltalk/X	O
)	O
String.isSubstring	O
substring	O
stringStandard	O
ML	O
(	O
search	O
substring	O
string	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
not	O
(	O
null	O
(	O
string-index	O
substring	O
string	O
)	O
)	O
)	O
ISLISP	B-Language
(	O
substring	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
substring	O
string	O
)	O
Clojure	B-Language
!	O
</s>
<s>
StringFreeQ[ string	O
,	O
substring ]Mathematica	O
index(string, substring, startpos )	O
>0Fortran	O
,	O
PL/Istartpos	O
is	O
IBM	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
doing	O
equality	O
checks	O
via	O
a	O
generic	O
Compare	O
with	O
integer	O
result	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
confusing	O
for	O
the	O
programmer	O
but	O
is	O
often	O
a	O
significantly	O
more	O
expensive	O
operation	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
especially	O
true	O
when	O
using	O
"	O
C-strings	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string1	O
==	O
string2Python	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Cobra	B-Language
,	O
Go	B-Application
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
similarity	O
)	O
,	O
PHP	B-Application
(	O
similarity	O
)	O
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
,	O
Haskell	B-Language
,	O
Lua	B-Language
,	O
D	B-Application
,	O
Mathematica	B-Language
,	O
Swift	B-Application
string1	O
==	O
=	O
string2JavaScript	O
,	O
PHP	B-Application
string1	O
==	O
string2	O
or	O
string1	O
.EQ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
If	O
not	O
found	O
string	O
in	O
string( substring,	O
pos,	O
string[startpos:]	O
)	O
ALGOL	O
68returns	O
BOOL	O
:	O
TRUE	O
or	O
FALSE	O
,	O
and	O
position	O
in	O
REF	O
INT	O
pos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
If	O
not	O
found	O
char	O
in	O
string( char,	O
pos,	O
string[startpos:]	O
)	O
ALGOL	O
68returns	O
:	O
or	O
,	O
and	O
position	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Definition	O
format(formatstring, items )	O
returns	O
string	O
Description	O
Returns	O
the	O
formatted	O
string	O
representation	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
Format	B-Language
string	O
syntax	O
associate(file, string )	O
;	O
putf(file, $formatstring$, items )	O
ALGOL	O
68ALGOL	O
Format(item, formatstring )	O
VB	B-Language
sprintf(formatstring, items )	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Raku	B-Application
,	O
RubyC	O
item.fmt(formatstring )	O
RakuC	O
io_lib:format(formatstring, items )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
sprintf(outputstring, formatstring, items )	O
CC	O
std::format(formatstring, items )	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
C++20	B-Language
)	O
Python	B-Language
std.string.format(formatstring, items )	O
DC	O
Format(formatstring, items )	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
fmt.Sprintf(formatstring, items )	O
GoC	O
printf	B-Device
formatstring	O
itemsUnixC	O
formatstring	O
%	O
(	O
items	O
)	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
RubyC	O
formatstring.format(items )	O
Python.NETfformatstringPython	O
3	O
Printf.sprintf	O
formatstringformatstring	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
fixed	O
literal	O
at	O
compile	O
time	O
for	O
it	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
correct	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
items	O
OCaml	B-Language
,	O
F	O
#C	O
Text.Printf.printf	O
formatstring	O
itemsHaskell	O
(	O
GHC	O
)	O
C	B-Language
formatstring	O
printf	B-Device
:	O
itemsSmalltalkC	O
String.format(formatstring, items )	O
JavaC	O
String.Format(formatstring, items )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
.NET	O
(	O
format	B-Language
formatstring	O
items	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
SRFI	O
28	O
)	O
Lisp	O
(	O
format	B-Language
nil	O
formatstring	O
items	O
)	O
Common	O
LispLisp	O
(	O
format	B-Language
formatstring	O
items	O
)	O
ClojureLisp	O
formatstring	O
-f	O
itemsWindows	O
PowerShell.NET	O
[	O
NSString	O
stringWithFormat:formatstring	O
,	O
items ]	O
Objective-C	B-Language
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
C	B-Language
String( 	O
format:formatstring	O
,	O
items	O
)	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
Foundation	O
)	O
C	B-Language
string.format(formatstring, items )	O
(	O
formatstring	O
)	O
:format(items )	O
LuaC	O
WRITE	O
(	O
outputstring	O
,	O
formatstring	O
)	O
itemsFortranFortran	O
put	O
string(string )	O
edit(items )	O
(	O
format	B-Language
)	O
PL/IPL/I	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Fortran	B-Application
)	O
String.format(formatstring, items )	O
Cobra.NET	O
format	B-Language
formatstring	O
itemsTclC	O
formatnumbers	O
⍕	O
items	O
or	O
formatstring	O
⎕FMT	O
itemsAPLAPL	O
format	B-Language
!	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
formatstring	O
,	O
items	O
)	O
RustSee	O
std::format	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
imported	O
by	O
the	O
Rust	B-Application
prelude	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
format	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string1	O
ne	O
string2	O
,	O
or	O
string1	O
NE	O
string2ALGOL	O
68	O
–	O
note	O
:	O
the	O
operator	O
"	O
ne	O
"	O
is	O
literally	O
in	O
bold	O
type-font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
std.string.join(array_of_strings, separator )	O
D	B-Application
string:join(list_of_strings, separator )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
join(separator, list_of_strings )	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Raku	B-Application
implode(separator, array_of_strings )	O
PHP	B-Application
separator.join(sequence_of_strings )	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Swift	B-Application
1.x	O
array_of_strings.join(separator )	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
Raku	B-Application
,	O
RustSee	O
the	O
slice::join	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string	O
(	O
string'First	O
..	O
string'First	O
+	O
n	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
Ada	B-Language
substr(string, 0, n )	O
AWK	B-Application
(	O
changes	O
string	O
)	O
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
Raku	B-Application
LEFT$( string	O
,	O
n	O
)	O
BASIC	O
,	O
VB	B-Language
left(string,n )	O
VB	B-Language
,	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
,	O
Ingres	B-Application
,	O
Pick	B-Application
Basic	I-Application
strncpy(string2, string, n )	O
C	B-Language
standard	I-Language
library	I-Language
string.substr(0,n )	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
,	O
Raku	B-Application
[	O
string	O
substringToIndex:n	O
]	O
Objective-C	B-Language
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
(	O
apply	O
str	O
(	O
take	O
n	O
string	O
)	O
)	O
Clojure	B-Language
string[ 0	O
..	O
n ]Dif	O
n	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
string	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
Debug	O
mode	O
ArrayRangeException	O
is	O
thrown	O
,	O
in	O
Release	O
mode	O
,	O
the	O
behaviour	O
is	O
unspecified	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
string:substr(string, start, length )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
(	O
subseq	O
string	O
0	O
n	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
string[:n]Cobra,	O
Go	B-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
left( string	O
,	O
n	O
«	O
,	O
padchar»	O
)	O
Rexx	B-Language
,	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
string[ 0	O
,	O
n ]	O
string[ 	O
0	O
..	O
n	O
-	O
1 ]Ruby	O
string[ 1	O
,	O
n ]Pick	O
Basic	O
string[ 	O
..	O
n ]Seed7	O
string.Substring(0,n )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
leftstr(string, n )	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
copy	O
(	O
string	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
n	O
)	O
Turbo	B-Application
Pascal	I-Application
string.substring(0,n )	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
if	O
n	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
string	O
,	O
Java	B-Language
will	O
throw	O
an	O
IndexOutOfBoundsException	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
string-take	O
string	O
n	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
SRFI	O
13	O
)	O
take	O
n	O
stringHaskell	O
String.extract	O
(	O
string	O
,	O
n	O
,	O
NONE	O
)	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
String.sub	O
string	O
0	O
nOCamlif	O
n	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
length	O
of	O
string	O
,	O
raises	O
Invalid_argument	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
n	O
..	O
string.sub(string, 1, n )	O
(	O
string	O
)	O
:sub(1, n )	O
Lua	B-Language
string	O
first	O
:	O
nSmalltalk	O
(	O
Squeak	B-Operating_System
,	O
Pharo	B-Language
)	O
string( 	O
:n	O
)	O
Fortran	B-Application
StringTake[ string	O
,	O
n ]Mathematicaif	O
n	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
length	O
of	O
string	O
,	O
throw	O
the	O
message	O
"	O
StringTake::take:	O
"	O
string	O
( «	O
FUNCTION»	O
LENGTH(string )	O
-	O
n:n	O
)	O
COBOLstring.substring(0, n )	O
Cobran	O
↑	O
string.APL	O
string[ 	O
0	O
..	O
n	O
]string[	O
n	O
..	O
]	O
0	O
..	O
n	O
n	O
..	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
strings	O
are	O
indexed	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
byte	O
offsets	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
runtime	O
panic	O
if	O
the	O
index	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
bounds	O
or	O
if	O
it	O
would	O
result	O
in	O
invalid	O
UTF-8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
«	O
FUNCTION»	O
BYTE-LENGTH(string )	O
number	O
of	O
characters	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
bytes	O
,	O
respectively	O
COBOLstring	O
length	O
stringa	O
decimal	O
string	O
giving	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
charactersTcl≢	O
stringAPL	O
string.len( )	O
Number	O
of	O
bytes	O
RustSee	O
the	O
str::len	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
string.chars( )	O
.count( )	O
Number	O
of	O
Unicode	O
code	O
points	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
str::chars	O
method	O
iterates	O
over	O
code	O
points	O
and	O
the	O
std::iter::Iterator::count	O
method	O
on	O
iterators	O
consumes	O
the	O
iterator	O
and	O
returns	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
elements	O
in	O
the	O
iterator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
LCase(string )	O
VB	B-Language
lcase(string )	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
lc(string )	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Raku	B-Application
string.lcRakutolower(char )	O
Coperates	O
on	O
one	O
character	O
std.string.toLower(string )	O
D	B-Application
transform(string.begin( )	O
,	O
string.end( )	O
,	O
result.begin( )	O
,	O
::tolower	O
)	O
The	O
transform	O
function	O
exists	O
in	O
the	O
std::	O
namespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
std::transform	O
(string.begin( )	O
,	O
string.end( )	O
,	O
result.begin( )	O
,	O
(	O
int	O
( *	O
)	O
(	O
int	O
)	O
)	O
std::tolower	O
)	O
;	O
C++	O
std::string	O
only	O
,	O
result	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
string	O
result	O
which	O
is	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
string	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
string	O
itself	O
lowercase(string )	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
strtolower(string )	O
PHP	B-Application
lower(string )	O
Seed7${string_param,,}Bashecho	O
"	O
string	O
"	O
|	O
tr	B-Application
'	O
A-Z	O
'	O
'	O
a-z	O
'	O
Unix	B-Application
string.lower( )	O
Python	B-Language
downcase(string )	O
Pick	B-Application
Basic	I-Application
string.downcaseRubyonly	O
ASCII	O
characters	O
as	O
Ruby	B-Language
lacks	O
Unicode	O
support	O
strings.ToLower(string )	O
Go	B-Application
(	O
string-downcase	O
string	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
R6RS	O
)	O
,	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
lower-case	O
string	O
)	O
Clojure	B-Language
String.lowercase	O
stringOCaml	O
String.map	O
Char.toLower	O
stringStandard	O
ML	O
map	O
Char.toLower	O
stringHaskell	O
string.toLowerCase( )	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
to_lower(string )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
string.ToLower( )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
string.lowercaseStringObjective-C	O
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
Foundation	O
)	O
string.lower(string )	O
(	O
string	O
)	O
:lower( )	O
Lua	B-Language
string	O
asLowercaseSmalltalk	O
LOWER(string )	O
SQL	B-Language
lowercase(string )	O
PL/I	B-Language
ToLowerCase[string]Mathematica	O
«	O
FUNCTION»	O
LOWER-CASE(string )	O
COBOL	B-Application
string.toLowerCobra	O
string	O
tolower	O
stringTcl	O
string.to_lowercase( )	O
RustSee	O
the	O
str::to_lowercase	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
</s>
<s>
string.replaceAll(find_regex, replace )	O
Java	B-Language
string.gsub(find, replace )	O
Ruby	B-Language
string	O
=	O
~	O
s/find_regex/replace/gThe	O
"	O
find	O
"	O
string	O
in	O
this	O
construct	O
is	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
characters	O
have	O
special	O
meaning	O
in	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
reverse	O
stringPerl	O
5	O
,	O
Haskell	B-Language
flip	O
string	O
string.flipRaku	O
lists:reverse(string )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
strrev(string )	O
PHP	B-Application
string[::-1]Python	O
(	O
string-reverse	O
string	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
SRFI	O
13	O
)	O
(	O
reverse	O
string	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
string.reverseRuby	O
,	O
D	B-Application
(	O
modifies	O
string	O
)	O
new	O
StringBuilder(string )	O
.reverse( )	O
.toString( )	O
Java	B-Language
std::reverse	O
(string.begin( )	O
,	O
string.end( )	O
)	O
;	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
std::string	O
only	O
,	O
modifies	O
string	O
)	O
StrReverse(string )	O
VB	B-Language
string.Reverse( )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
implode	O
(	O
rev	O
(	O
explode	O
string	O
)	O
)	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
string.split("" )	O
.reverse( )	O
.join("" )	O
JavaScript	B-Language
string.reverse(string )	O
(	O
string	O
)	O
:reverse( )	O
Lua	B-Language
string	O
reverseSmalltalk	O
StringReverse[string]	O
Mathematicareverse(string )	O
PL/I	B-Language
«FUNCTION»	O
REVERSE(string )	O
COBOLstring.toCharArray.toList.reversed.join( )	O
Cobra	B-Language
String(string.characters.reverse( )	O
)	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
2.x	O
)	O
String(reverse(string )	O
)	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
1.2	O
)	O
string	O
reverse	O
stringTcl	O
⌽stringAPL	O
string.chars( )	O
.rev( )	O
.collect::xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1( 	O
)	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
str::chars	O
method	O
iterates	O
over	O
code	O
points	O
,	O
the	O
std::iter::Iterator::rev	O
method	O
on	O
reversible	O
iterators	O
(	O
std::iter::DoubleEndedIterator	O
)	O
creates	O
a	O
reversed	O
iterator	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
std::iter::Iterator::collect	O
method	O
consumes	O
the	O
iterator	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
collection	O
(	O
which	O
here	O
is	O
specified	O
as	O
a	O
String	O
with	O
the	O
turbofish	O
syntax	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
iterator	O
's	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
If	O
not	O
found	O
InStrRev( «startpos	O
,	O
»	O
string	O
,	O
substring	O
)	O
VBreturns	O
0	O
instrrev( «startpos	O
,	O
»	O
string	O
,	O
substring	O
)	O
FreeBASICreturns	O
0	O
rindex( string	O
,	O
substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
Perl	B-Language
5returns	O
−1	O
rindex( string	O
,	O
substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
string.rindex	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
Rakureturns	O
strrpos( string	O
,	O
substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
PHPreturns	O
string.rfind	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
returns	O
std.string.rfind(string, substring )	O
Dreturns	O
−1	O
string.rfind	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos«	O
,	O
endpos»»	O
)	O
Pythonreturns	O
−	O
1string.rindex	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos«	O
,	O
endpos»»	O
)	O
raises	O
rpos( string	O
,	O
substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
Seed7returns	O
0string.rindex	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
Rubyreturns	O
strings.LastIndex(string, substring )	O
Goreturns	O
−1	O
string.lastIndexOf	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos»	O
)	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScriptreturns	O
−1	O
string.LastIndexOf	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos«	O
,	O
charcount»»	O
)	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F	O
#returns	O
−1	O
(	O
search	O
substring	O
string	O
:from-end	O
t	O
)	O
Common	O
Lispreturns	O
[	O
string	O
rangeOfString:substring	O
options:NSBackwardsSearch	O
]	O
.locationObjective-C	O
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
returns	O
Str.search_backward	O
(	O
Str.regexp_string	O
substring	O
)	O
string	O
(	O
Str.length	O
string	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
OCamlraises	O
string.match	O
( string	O
,	O
'	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
*( 	O
)	O
'	O
substring	O
..	O
)	O
Luareturns	O
Ada.Strings.Unbounded.Index(Source => string, Pattern => substring, Going => Ada.Strings.Backward )	O
Adareturns	O
0string.lastIndexOf	O
( substring«	O
,	O
startpos«	O
,	O
charcount»»	O
)	O
Cobrareturns	O
−1string	O
lastIndexOfString:substringSmalltalkreturns	O
0string	O
last	O
substring	O
string	O
startposTclreturns	O
−1(⌽<\⌽substring⍷'string'	O
)	O
⍳1APLreturns	O
−1	O
string.rfind(substring )	O
RustSee	O
the	O
str::rfind	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Scheme	B-Language
and	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
implementations	O
are	O
similar	O
but	O
differ	O
in	O
several	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
differs	O
also	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
cuts	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
put	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
string	O
into	O
the	O
last	O
element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cobra	B-Language
implementation	O
will	O
default	O
to	O
whitespace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Format	B-Language
Languages	O
string[startpos:endpos]ALGOL	O
68	O
(	O
changes	O
base	O
index	O
)	O
string	O
(	O
startpos	O
..	O
endpos	O
)	O
Ada	B-Language
(	O
changes	O
base	O
index	O
)	O
Mid(string, startpos, numChars )	O
VB	B-Language
mid(string, startpos, numChars )	O
FreeBASIC	B-Language
string[startpos+( ⍳numChars	O
)	O
-	O
~	O
⎕IO ]APL	O
MID$( string	O
,	O
startpos	O
,	O
numChars	O
)	O
BASIC	O
substr(string, startpos, numChars )	O
AWK	B-Application
(	O
changes	O
string	O
)	O
,	O
Perl	B-Language
5	O
,	O
PHP	B-Application
substr(string, startpos, numChars )	O
string.substr(startpos, numChars )	O
Raku	B-Application
substr( string	O
,	O
startpos	O
«	O
,	O
numChars	O
,	O
padChar»	O
)	O
Rexx	B-Language
string[startpos:endpos]Cobra,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Go	B-Application
string[ startpos	O
,	O
numChars ]Pick	O
Basic	O
string[ startpos	O
,	O
numChars ]	O
string[ startpos	O
..	O
endpos-1	O
]	O
string[ startpos	O
...	O
endpos ]Ruby	O
string[ startpos	O
..	O
endpos ]	O
string[ startpos	O
len	B-Language
numChars ]Seed7	O
string.slice	O
( startpos«	O
,	O
endpos»	O
)	O
JavaScript	B-Language
string.substr	O
( startpos«	O
,	O
numChars»	O
)	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
STL	O
)	O
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
string.Substring(startpos, numChars )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
string.substring	O
( startpos«	O
,	O
endpos»	O
)	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
copy(string, startpos, numChars )	O
Object	B-Language
Pascal	I-Language
(	O
Delphi	B-Language
)	O
(	O
substring	O
string	O
startpos	O
endpos	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
(	O
subseq	O
string	O
startpos	O
endpos	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
subseq	O
string	O
startpos	O
endpos	O
)	O
ISLISP	B-Language
String.sub	O
string	O
startpos	O
numCharsOCaml	O
substring	O
(	O
string	O
,	O
startpos	O
,	O
numChars	O
)	O
Standard	B-Language
ML	I-Language
string:sub_string(string, startpos, endpos )	O
string:substr(string, startpos, numChars )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
strncpy( result	O
,	O
string	O
+	O
startpos	O
,	O
numChars	O
)	O
;	O
C	B-Language
string[ startpos	O
..	O
endpos+1 ]D	O
take	O
numChars	O
$	O
drop	O
startpos	O
stringHaskell	O
[	O
string	O
substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(startpos, numChars )	O
]	O
Objective-C	B-Language
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PARSE	O
UPPER	O
VAR	O
SrcVar	O
DstVarRexx	O
string.upper( )	O
Python	B-Language
upcase(string )	O
Pick	B-Application
Basic	I-Application
string.upcaseRuby	O
strings.ToUpper(string )	O
Go	B-Application
(	O
string-upcase	O
string	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
,	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
String.uppercase	O
stringOCaml	O
String.map	O
Char.toUpper	O
stringStandard	O
ML	O
map	O
Char.toUpper	O
stringHaskell	O
string.toUpperCase( )	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
to_upper(string )	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
string.ToUpper( )	O
VB	B-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerShell	I-Application
,	O
F#	B-Operating_System
string.uppercaseStringObjective-C	O
(	O
NSString	O
*	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
Swift	B-Application
(	O
Foundation	O
)	O
string.upper(string )	O
(	O
string	O
)	O
:upper( )	O
Lua	B-Language
string	O
asUppercaseSmalltalk	O
UPPER(string )	O
SQL	B-Language
ToUpperCase[string]Mathematica	O
«	O
FUNCTION»	O
UPPER-CASE(string )	O
COBOL	B-Application
string.toUpperCobra	O
string	O
toupper	O
string	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
string.to_uppercase( )	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
str::to_uppercase	O
method	O
returns	O
a	O
newly	O
allocated	O
String	O
with	O
any	O
lowercase	O
characters	O
changed	O
to	O
uppercase	O
ones	O
following	O
the	O
Unicode	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
trimFactor	O
(	O
string-trim	O
'	O
( #	O
\Space	O
#	O
\Tab	O
#	O
\Newline	O
)	O
string	O
)	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
(	O
string-trim	O
string	O
)	O
Scheme	B-Language
string.trim( )	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
1.8.1	O
+	O
,	O
Firefox	O
3.5	O
+	O
)	O
,	O
RustIn	O
Rust	B-Application
,	O
the	O
str::trim	O
method	O
returns	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
&	O
str	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
APL	B-Language
can	O
use	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
directly	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
a	O
functional	B-Language
approach	O
combining	O
Boolean	O
masks	O
that	O
filter	O
away	O
leading	O
and	O
trailing	O
spaces	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AWK	B-Application
,	O
one	O
can	O
use	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
to	O
trim	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
standard	O
trim	O
function	O
in	O
C	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
string	O
libraries	O
for	O
C	B-Language
contain	O
code	O
which	O
implements	O
trimming	O
,	O
or	O
functions	O
that	O
significantly	O
ease	O
an	O
efficient	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
function	O
has	O
also	O
often	O
been	O
called	O
EatWhitespace	O
in	O
some	O
non-standard	O
C	B-Language
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
C	B-Language
,	O
programmers	O
often	O
combine	O
a	O
ltrim	O
and	O
rtrim	O
to	O
implement	O
trim	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
C++	B-Language
library	O
Boost	B-Language
has	O
several	O
trim	O
variants	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
standard	O
one	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
with	O
boost	B-Language
's	O
function	O
named	O
simply	O
trim	O
the	O
input	O
sequence	O
is	O
modified	O
in-place	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
return	O
a	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
C++	B-Language
library	O
Qt	B-Language
has	O
several	O
trim	O
variants	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
standard	O
one	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
also	O
includes	O
a	O
strip	O
function	O
,	O
strstrip( )	O
,	O
since	O
2.6.18-rc1	O
,	O
which	O
trims	O
the	O
string	O
"	O
in	O
place	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2.6.33-rc1	O
,	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
uses	O
strim( )	O
instead	O
of	O
strstrip( )	O
to	O
avoid	O
false	O
warnings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
trim	O
algorithm	O
in	O
Haskell	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
trim	O
algorithm	O
in	O
J	B-Language
is	O
a	O
functional	B-Language
description	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
built-in	O
trim	O
function	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
1.8.1	O
(	O
Firefox	O
3.5	O
and	O
later	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ECMAScript	O
5	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perl	B-Language
5	O
has	O
no	O
built-in	O
trim	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
functionality	O
is	O
commonly	O
achieved	O
using	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
available	O
for	O
Perl	B-Language
is	O
StripLTSpace	O
in	O
String::Strip	O
from	O
CPAN	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Raku	B-Application
,	O
the	O
upcoming	O
sister	O
language	O
of	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
strings	O
have	O
a	O
trim	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
string	O
command	O
has	O
three	O
relevant	O
subcommands	O
:	O
trim	O
,	O
trimright	O
and	O
trimleft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XSLT	B-Application
includes	O
the	O
function	O
normalize-space(string )	O
which	O
strips	O
leading	O
and	O
trailing	O
whitespace	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
replacing	O
any	O
whitespace	O
sequence	O
(	O
including	O
line	O
breaks	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XSLT	B-Application
2.0	I-Application
includes	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
,	O
providing	O
another	O
mechanism	O
to	O
perform	O
string	O
trimming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
XSLT	B-Application
technique	O
for	O
trimming	O
is	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
XPath	O
2.0	O
substring( )	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
