<s>
Compaq	O
's	O
first	O
computers	O
 '	O
form	O
factors	O
were	O
portable	B-Device
,	O
also	O
called	O
"	O
luggables	B-Device
"	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
"	O
lunchbox	O
computers	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
together	O
constituted	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
portables	O
,	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
and	O
Portable	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
had	O
CRT	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
while	O
later	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
III	I-Device
and	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
386	I-Device
)	O
had	O
flat	O
,	O
monochrome	O
,	O
usually	O
amber	O
,	O
plasma	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
portables	O
came/could	O
come	O
with	O
internal	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
on	O
0.5	O
"	O
shock	O
mount	O
springs	O
;	O
diskette	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
usually	O
5-	O
"	O
double	O
-	O
or	O
quadruple-density	O
drives	O
;	O
batteries	O
;	O
and/or	O
a	O
dual-ISA	O
expansion	O
chassis	O
,	O
about	O
one	O
full-drive-height	O
wide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
this	O
was	O
before	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
ISA	B-Architecture
"	O
became	O
a	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
486	I-Device
included	O
mono	O
and	O
color	O
LCD	O
screens	O
and	O
were	O
battery	O
powered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
is	O
an	O
early	O
portable	B-Device
computer	I-Device
which	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
100%	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
compatible	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
Compaq	O
Computer	O
Corporation	O
's	O
first	O
product	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
series	I-Device
and	O
later	O
Compaq	B-Device
Deskpro	I-Device
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
was	O
announced	O
in	O
November	O
1982	O
and	O
first	O
shipped	O
in	O
March	O
1983	O
,	O
priced	O
at	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
half-height	O
5¼	O
"	O
diskette	B-Device
drive	O
or	O
for	O
dual	O
,	O
full-height	O
diskette	B-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
folded	O
up	O
into	O
a	O
luggable	B-Device
case	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
portable	B-Device
sewing	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
was	O
an	O
early	O
all-in-one	B-Device
,	O
becoming	O
available	O
two	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
CP/M	B-Application
-based	O
Osborne	B-Device
1	I-Device
and	O
Kaypro	O
II	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
as	O
the	O
8088	B-Device
and	O
MS-DOS-based	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
entirely	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
compatible	O
)	O
Dynalogic	B-Device
Hyperion	B-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
year	O
before	O
the	O
Commodore	O
SX-64	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
design	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Xerox	B-Device
NoteTaker	I-Device
,	O
a	O
prototype	O
computer	O
developed	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
in	O
1976	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
portable	B-Device
"	O
work-alikes	O
"	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
PC	O
compatible	O
clones	O
include	O
the	O
Seequa	B-Device
Chameleon	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Corona	O
Data	O
Systems	O
 '	O
Model	O
PPC-400	O
,	O
and	O
Eagle	O
Computer	O
's	O
Eagle	O
Spirit	O
Portable	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
,	O
developed	O
because	O
its	O
sales	O
force	O
needed	O
a	O
comparable	O
computer	O
to	O
sell	O
against	O
Compaq	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
has	O
basically	O
the	O
same	O
off-the-self	O
hardware	O
as	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
transplanted	O
into	O
a	O
luggable	B-Device
case	O
(	O
specifically	O
designed	O
to	O
fit	O
as	O
carry-on	O
luggage	O
on	O
an	O
airplane	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
Compaq	O
's	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
instead	O
of	O
IBM	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Portables	O
shipped	O
with	O
128k	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
1-2	O
double-sided	O
double-density	O
360	O
KB	O
disk	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
larger	O
external	O
monitor	O
,	O
the	O
graphics	O
hardware	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
Compaq	B-Device
Deskpro	I-Device
desktop	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compaq	O
used	O
a	O
“	O
foam	O
and	O
foil	O
”	O
keyboard	O
from	O
Keytronics	O
,	O
with	O
contact	O
mylar	O
pads	O
that	O
were	O
also	O
featured	O
in	O
the	O
Tandy	O
TRS-80	O
,	O
Apple	O
Lisa	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
Compaq	B-Device
Deskpro	I-Device
286	B-General_Concept
AT	O
,	O
some	O
mainframe	O
terminals	O
,	O
SUN	O
Type	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
Wang	O
keyboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CRT	B-Device
display	I-Device
also	O
suffered	O
from	O
a	O
low	O
refresh	O
rate	O
and	O
heavy	O
ghosting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compaq	O
's	O
efforts	O
were	O
possible	O
because	O
IBM	O
had	O
used	O
mostly	O
off-the-shelf	O
parts	O
for	O
the	O
PC	O
and	O
published	O
full	O
technical	O
documentation	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
Microsoft	O
had	O
kept	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
license	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
to	O
other	O
computer	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
difficulty	O
was	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
because	O
it	O
contained	O
IBM	O
's	O
copyrighted	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compaq	O
solved	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
producing	O
a	O
clean	O
room	O
workalike	O
that	O
performed	O
all	O
documented	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
BIOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
was	O
completely	O
written	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
numerous	O
other	O
companies	O
soon	O
also	O
began	O
selling	O
PC	O
compatibles	O
,	O
few	O
matched	O
Compaq	O
's	O
achievement	O
of	O
essentially-complete	O
software	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
(	O
typically	O
reaching	O
"	O
95%	O
compatibility	O
"	O
at	O
best	O
)	O
.Then	O
Phoenix	O
Technologies	O
and	O
others	O
began	O
selling	O
similarly	O
reverse-engineered	O
BIOSs	O
on	O
the	O
open	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Portables	O
used	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
essentially	O
identical	O
to	O
PC	B-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
1.10	O
except	O
for	O
having	O
a	O
standalone	O
BASIC	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
's	O
ROM	O
Cassette	O
BASIC	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
superseded	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
by	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
2.00	O
which	O
added	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
support	O
and	O
other	O
advanced	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
Portables	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
16K-64K	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
in	O
that	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
limited	O
to	O
544K	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
expansion	O
ROMs	O
,	O
thus	O
making	O
them	O
unable	O
to	O
use	O
EGA/VGA	O
cards	O
,	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
,	O
or	O
similar	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
DOS	O
2.x	O
and	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
XT	I-Device
came	O
out	O
,	O
Compaq	O
upgraded	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
was	O
not	O
offered	O
with	O
a	O
factory	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
,	O
users	O
commonly	O
installed	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
1984	O
,	O
Compaq	O
began	O
offering	O
a	O
hard-disk	B-Device
equipped	O
version	O
in	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
Plus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
offered	O
would	O
be	O
10	O
or	O
21	O
megabytes	O
,	O
although	O
bad	O
sectors	O
often	O
reduced	O
the	O
space	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BYTE	O
wrote	O
,	O
after	O
testing	O
a	O
prototype	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
"	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
sure	O
winner	O
"	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
portability	O
,	O
cost	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
reviewer	O
tested	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
DOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
CP/M	B-Operating_System
-86	I-Operating_System
,	O
WordStar	B-Application
,	O
SuperCalc	B-Application
,	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
software	O
packages	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
all	O
worked	O
except	O
one	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC	O
Magazine	O
also	O
rated	O
the	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
very	O
highly	O
for	O
compatibility	O
,	O
reporting	O
that	O
all	O
tested	O
applications	O
ran	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
praised	O
the	O
"	O
rugged	O
"	O
hardware	O
design	O
and	O
sharp	O
display	O
,	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
certainly	O
worth	O
consideration	O
by	O
anyone	O
seeking	O
to	O
run	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
software	O
without	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
Plus	I-Device
simply	O
had	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
to	O
replace	O
one	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
and	O
logos	O
and	O
badges	O
with	O
gold	O
backgrounds	O
instead	O
of	O
silver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1985	O
,	O
Compaq	O
introduced	O
the	O
Portable	B-Device
286	B-General_Concept
,	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
more	O
compact	O
Portable	B-Device
II	I-Device
in	O
a	O
redesigned	O
case	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
II	I-Device
–	O
was	O
smaller	O
and	O
lighter	O
version	O
of	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
286	I-Device
;	O
it	O
was	O
less	O
expensive	O
but	O
with	O
limited	O
upgradability	O
and	O
a	O
slower	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
III	I-Device
was	O
another	O
AT-compatible	O
computer	O
released	O
in	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
advertised	O
as	O
being	O
much	O
smaller	O
and	O
lighter	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
portable	B-Device
x86-PCs	O
,	O
however	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
quite	O
large	O
by	O
today	O
's	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Model	O
1	O
had	O
a	O
list	O
price	O
of	O
and	O
was	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
80286	I-General_Concept
,	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
floppy	B-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
amber	O
colored	O
gas-plasma	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
options	O
included	O
the	O
Model	O
20	O
at	O
which	O
added	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
,	O
or	O
for	O
the	O
Model	O
40	O
with	O
the	O
upgraded	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
optional	O
ISA	B-Architecture
Expansion	O
chassis	O
allowed	O
for	O
2	O
full	O
length	O
16-bit	O
ISA	B-Architecture
add-in	O
cards	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
III	I-Device
,	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
386	I-Device
,	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
486	I-Device
and	O
Compaq	B-Device
Portable	I-Device
486c	I-Device
were	O
later	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
