<s>
The	O
Community	B-Application
Climate	I-Application
System	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
CCSM	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
coupled	O
general	B-Application
circulation	I-Application
model	I-Application
(	O
GCM	O
)	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
Corporation	O
for	O
Atmospheric	O
Research	O
(	O
UCAR	O
)	O
with	O
funding	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
(	O
NSF	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Energy	O
(	O
DoE	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
National	O
Aeronautics	O
and	O
Space	O
Administration	O
(	O
NASA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
coupled	O
components	O
include	O
an	O
atmospheric	O
model	O
(	O
Community	O
Atmosphere	O
Model	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
land-surface	O
model	O
(	O
Community	O
Land	O
Model	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
ocean	O
model	O
(	O
Parallel	O
Ocean	O
Program	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
sea	O
ice	O
model	O
(	O
Community	O
Sea	O
Ice	O
Model	O
,	O
CICE	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CCSM	B-Application
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Atmospheric	O
Research	O
(	O
NCAR	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
software	O
design	O
assumes	O
a	O
physical/dynamical	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
climate	O
system	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
freely	O
available	O
community	O
model	O
,	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
machine	B-Architecture
architectures	I-Architecture
powerful	O
enough	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CESM	B-Application
codebase	O
is	O
mostly	O
public	O
domain	O
with	O
some	O
segregable	O
components	O
issued	O
under	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
and	O
other	O
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NCAR	O
suggested	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
CCSM	B-Application
cannot	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
single	O
climate	O
model	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
building	O
and	O
testing	O
various	O
climate	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
must	O
be	O
run	O
within	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
CCSM	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
standalone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
takes	O
two	O
netCDF	B-Application
datasets	O
as	O
input	O
and	O
sends	O
six	O
outputs	O
to	O
the	O
coupler	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
integrated	O
with	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
submodels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
17	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
its	O
name	O
was	O
changed	O
from	O
the	O
NCAR	O
Community	B-Application
Climate	I-Application
Model	I-Application
to	O
reflect	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
shares	O
the	O
same	O
horizontal	O
grid	O
as	O
the	O
land	O
model	O
of	O
CCSM	B-Application
:	O
a	O
256×128	O
regular	O
longitude/latitude	O
global	O
horizontal	O
grid	O
(	O
giving	O
a	O
1.4	O
degree	O
resolution	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
polar	O
component	O
of	O
ocean-atmosphere	O
coupling	O
includes	O
sea	O
ice	O
geophysics	O
using	O
the	O
formerly-known	O
Los	O
Alamos	O
Sea	O
Ice	O
Model	O
,	O
CICE	B-Application
,	O
now	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
CICE	B-Application
Consortium	O
model	O
,	O
to	O
which	O
NCAR	O
has	O
contributed	O
code	O
and	O
physical	O
improvements	O
through	O
the	O
Polar	O
Climate	O
Working	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CICE	B-Application
simulates	O
the	O
growth	O
,	O
movement	O
,	O
deformation	O
and	O
melt	O
of	O
sea	O
ice	O
,	O
critical	O
for	O
calculating	O
energy	O
and	O
mass	O
fluxes	O
between	O
the	O
polar	O
atmosphere	O
and	O
oceans	O
in	O
the	O
earth	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
CCSM	B-Application
was	O
created	O
in	O
1983	O
as	O
the	O
Community	B-Application
Climate	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
CCM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
next	O
two	O
decades	O
it	O
was	O
steadily	O
improved	O
and	O
was	O
renamed	O
CCSM	B-Application
after	O
the	O
Climate	B-Application
System	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
CSM	O
)	O
components	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
May	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
this	O
new	O
version	O
(	O
commonly	O
given	O
the	O
acronym	O
CCSM3	B-Application
or	O
NCCCSM	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
IPCC	O
Fourth	O
Assessment	O
Report	O
,	O
alongside	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2010	O
NCAR	O
released	O
CCSM	B-Application
version4	O
(	O
CCSM4	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
25	O
,	O
2010	O
NCAR	O
released	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
CCSM	B-Application
,	O
called	O
the	O
Community	B-Application
Earth	I-Application
System	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
CESM	B-Application
)	O
,	O
version1.0	O
(	O
CESM1	B-Application
)	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
unified	O
code	O
release	O
that	O
included	O
CCSM4	B-Application
as	O
the	O
code	O
base	O
for	O
its	O
atmospheric	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
