<s>
Commercial	B-Application
augmented	I-Application
reality	I-Application
(	O
CAR	O
)	O
describes	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
(	O
AR	B-General_Concept
)	O
applications	O
that	O
support	O
various	O
B2B	O
(	O
Business-to-Business	O
)	O
and	O
B2C	O
(	O
Business-to-Consumer	O
)	O
commercial	O
activities	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
the	O
retail	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
commercial	O
purposes	O
,	O
AR	B-General_Concept
applications	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
integrate	O
print	O
and	O
video	O
marketing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
an	O
AR-enabled	O
device	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
or	O
smart	B-General_Concept
glasses	I-General_Concept
,	O
aiming	O
a	O
camera	O
at	O
a	O
printed	O
material	O
can	O
trigger	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
video	O
version	O
or	O
animation	O
of	O
the	O
promotional	O
and	O
informational	O
material	O
superimposed	O
on	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
history	O
of	O
commercial	B-Application
augmented	I-Application
reality	I-Application
is	O
brief	O
compared	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AR	B-General_Concept
technology	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
2012	O
to	O
market	O
a	O
commemorative	O
coin	O
in	O
Aruba	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
CrowdOptic	B-General_Concept
technology	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
AR	B-General_Concept
experiences	O
for	O
an	O
annual	O
festival	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
Makeup	O
Genius	O
released	O
to	O
try	O
out	O
beauty	O
makeup	O
and	O
styles	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
handheld	O
devices	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
was	O
launched	O
for	O
the	O
art	O
market	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
Wikitude	O
app	O
included	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
provide	O
AR	B-General_Concept
campaign	O
opportunity	O
to	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
point	O
phone	O
cameras	O
at	O
certain	O
places	O
and	O
get	O
information	O
from	O
websites	O
such	O
as	O
Yelp	B-Application
,	O
Trip	O
Advisor	O
,	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Lenovo	O
developed	O
a	O
Tango-enabled	B-Algorithm
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
assist	O
retailers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
three	O
major	O
components	O
are	O
the	O
hardware	O
,	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
algorithms	O
of	O
AR	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
advancements	O
in	O
computing	O
and	O
allied	O
hardware	O
technologies	O
,	O
AR	B-General_Concept
hardware	O
such	O
as	O
display	O
devices	O
,	O
sensors	O
,	O
input	B-Device
devices	I-Device
,	O
and	O
computing	O
processors	O
have	O
improved	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
hardware	O
can	O
be	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
ways	O
:	O
Head	B-General_Concept
Mounted	I-General_Concept
Display	I-General_Concept
(	O
HMD	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
harness	O
or	O
helmet	O
;	O
eyeglasses	O
,	O
Head-Up	B-Application
Display	I-Application
(	O
HUD	B-Application
)	O
;	O
contact	O
lenses	O
;	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
retina	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
(	O
VRD	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
Eye	B-General_Concept
Tap	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spatial	O
AR	B-General_Concept
(	O
SAR	O
)	O
enhances	O
real-world	O
objects	O
in	O
spaces	O
without	O
depending	O
on	O
any	O
display	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
SAR	O
are	O
Shade	B-General_Concept
Lamps	I-General_Concept
,	O
Mobile	O
Projectors	O
,	O
Virtual	O
Tablets	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Smart	O
Projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	B-Device
like	O
mobile	O
devices	O
consist	O
of	O
cameras	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
optical	O
sensor	O
,	O
accelerometer	O
,	O
and	O
gyroscopes	B-Application
for	O
position	O
tracking	O
,	O
solid-state	O
compass	B-Language
and	O
Global	O
Positioning	O
System	O
(	O
GPS	O
)	O
circuits	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
sensors	O
,	O
for	O
location	O
detection	O
,	O
Radio-frequency	B-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
for	O
radio	O
signal	O
detection	O
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
for	O
networking	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
mobile-based	O
third-party	O
sensors	O
for	O
a	O
myriad	O
of	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
bring	O
complete	O
interactivity	O
in	O
AR	B-General_Concept
systems	O
,	O
different	O
input	B-Device
devices	I-Device
are	O
mandatory	O
such	O
as	O
keyboards	O
for	O
textual	O
inputs	O
,	O
speech	O
recognition	O
systems	O
like	O
Siri	B-Application
,	O
Cortana	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Voice	I-Application
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
gloves	O
stylus	B-Device
,	O
pointers	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
body	O
wears	O
with	O
sensors	O
to	O
provide	O
body	O
gesture	B-General_Concept
inputs	I-General_Concept
,	O
eye	B-General_Concept
movement	I-General_Concept
detection	I-General_Concept
sensors	O
,	O
and	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AR	B-General_Concept
software	O
should	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
carrying	O
an	O
image	O
registration	O
process	O
where	O
software	O
is	O
working	O
independently	O
from	O
the	O
camera	O
and	O
camera	O
images	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
drives	O
real-world	O
coordinates	O
to	O
accomplish	O
the	O
AR	B-General_Concept
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AR	B-General_Concept
software	O
can	O
achieve	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
using	O
two-step	O
methods	O
:	O
It	O
detects	O
interest	O
points	O
,	O
fiduciary	B-Architecture
marker	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
optical	O
flows	O
in	O
camera	O
images	O
or	O
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
restore	O
the	O
real-world	O
coordinates	O
data	O
some	O
methods	O
used	O
include	O
:	O
SLAM	O
(	O
Simultaneous	B-Application
Localization	I-Application
and	I-Application
Mapping	I-Application
)	O
,	O
structure	O
from	O
Motion	O
methods	O
including-Bundle	O
Adjustment	O
,	O
and	O
mathematical	O
methods	O
like-Projective	O
or	O
Epipolar	B-Algorithm
Geometry	I-Algorithm
,	O
Geometric	O
Algebra	O
,	O
or	O
Rotation	O
representation	O
(	O
with	O
an	O
exponential	O
map	O
,	O
Kalman	O
&	O
particle	B-Algorithm
filters	I-Algorithm
,	O
non-linear	O
optimization	O
,	O
and	O
robust	O
statistics	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
of	O
ARML	O
(	O
Augmented	B-General_Concept
Reality	I-General_Concept
Markup	I-General_Concept
Language	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
defining	O
and	O
interacting	O
with	O
various	O
Augmented	B-General_Concept
Reality	I-General_Concept
scenes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
ECMA	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
are	O
parts	O
of	O
ARML	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
role	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
location	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
virtual	O
objects	O
in	O
AR	B-General_Concept
visualization	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dynamic	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
virtual	O
objects	O
is	O
possible	O
using	O
ECMA	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
binding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Features	O
:	O
Represents	O
physical	O
objects	O
in	O
AR	B-General_Concept
scene	O
;	O
Virtual	O
Assets	O
:	O
Represents	O
virtual	O
objects	O
in	O
Augmented	B-General_Concept
Reality	I-General_Concept
scene	O
;	O
and	O
Anchor	O
:	O
Define	O
the	O
spatial	O
relationship	O
between	O
a	O
physical	O
and	O
virtual	O
object	O
in	O
AR	B-General_Concept
scene	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
like	O
other	O
technologies	O
,	O
AR	B-General_Concept
application	O
development	B-Application
kits	I-Application
are	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
rapid	O
development	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
Software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
(	O
SDKs	O
)	O
including	O
:	O
CloudRidAR	O
,	O
Vuforia	B-Application
,	O
AR	B-General_Concept
ToolKit	O
,	O
Catchoom	O
CraftAR	O
,	O
Mobinett	O
AR	B-General_Concept
,	O
Wikitude	O
,	O
Blippar	O
,	O
Layar	O
,	O
Meta	O
,	O
and	O
ARLab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optical	O
device	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
real-world	O
and	O
virtual	O
world	O
experiences	O
is	O
"	O
Combiner	B-Algorithm
"	O
which	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
commercial	B-Application
Augmented	I-Application
Reality	I-Application
experiences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
traditional	O
combiners	O
cover	O
two	O
implementations	O
:	O
The	O
polarized	B-Algorithm
beam	O
combiners	O
or	O
flat	O
combiners	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
off-axis	O
combiners	O
or	O
curved	O
combiners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
non-conventional	O
techniques	O
involve	O
diffractive	O
optics	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Holography	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hologram	B-Algorithm
or	O
waveguide	O
concepts	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
these	O
non-conventional	O
techniques	O
and	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
behaves	O
like	O
a	O
router	B-Protocol
where	O
a	O
waveguide	O
is	O
transmitting	O
the	O
image	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
eyes	O
and	O
provides	O
the	O
most	O
sophisticated	O
optics	O
to	O
see	O
through	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
AR	B-General_Concept
devices	O
use	O
a	O
touchpad	B-Application
and	O
voice	B-Application
commands	I-Application
to	O
provide	O
user	O
interaction	O
facilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablet	B-Device
devices	I-Device
are	O
the	O
excellent	O
candidates	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
AR	B-General_Concept
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
AR	B-General_Concept
applications	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
are	O
handheld	O
devices	O
based	O
on	O
whether	O
they	O
use	O
traditional	O
or	O
non-traditional	O
AR	B-General_Concept
techniques	O
and	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
is	O
gradually	O
changing	O
the	O
scenario	O
of	O
B2B	O
and	O
B2C	O
businesses	O
by	O
providing	O
AR	B-General_Concept
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Augmented	B-General_Concept
Reality	I-General_Concept
dressing	O
rooms	O
are	O
equipped	O
with	O
the	O
AR	B-General_Concept
devices	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
in	O
turn	O
helping	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
targeted	O
dress/product	O
and	O
capture	O
the	O
virtual	O
3D	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
product/dress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
helps	O
to	O
visualize	B-Application
the	O
dress	O
on	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
the	O
shopper/user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
for	O
Lego	O
is	O
an	O
ideal	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AR	B-General_Concept
event	O
was	O
triggered	O
automatically	O
by	O
focusing	O
on	O
an	O
Aruba	O
coin	O
with	O
AR	B-General_Concept
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AR	B-General_Concept
event	O
revealed	O
additional	O
objects	O
and	O
information	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
invisible	O
without	O
the	O
coin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shiseido	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
makeup	O
mirror	O
called	O
TeleBeauty	O
that	O
helps	O
female	O
shoppers	O
to	O
visualize	B-Application
the	O
product	O
performance	O
on	O
their	O
faces	O
well	O
in	O
advance	O
of	O
applying	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
AR	B-General_Concept
mirror	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
portray	O
the	O
shopper	O
's	O
image	O
with	O
lipsticks	O
,	O
eyeliners	O
,	O
and	O
blushes	O
with	O
real-time	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
best	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
Burberry	O
Beauty	O
Box	O
AR	B-General_Concept
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Itondo	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
visualizing	O
an	O
art	O
piece	O
on	O
different	O
locations	O
on	O
walls	O
before	O
taking	O
it	O
from	O
a	O
gallery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
displayed	O
live	O
previews	O
of	O
a	O
two-dimensional	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
artwork	O
which	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
scaling	B-Algorithm
on	O
the	O
walls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
helps	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
visualize	B-Application
the	O
best	O
location	O
for	O
the	O
artwork	O
before	O
they	O
make	O
a	O
purchase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
invented	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
to	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
selection	O
process	O
without	O
the	O
customer	O
having	O
to	O
wear	O
the	O
actual	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
simulates	O
the	O
same	O
products	O
in	O
available	O
color	O
choices	O
and	O
makes	O
the	O
selection	O
process	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
provides	O
real-time	O
ratings	O
and	O
reviews	O
uploaded	O
by	O
customers	O
online	O
and	O
tempts	O
online	O
shoppers	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
bricks-and-mortar	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
released	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
useful	O
for	O
online	O
shoppers	O
who	O
wish	O
to	O
see	O
jewelry	O
products	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
wearing	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Now	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
mobile	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
by	O
focusing	O
a	O
mobile	O
camera	O
on	O
the	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
item	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IKEA	O
has	O
launched	O
their	O
AR	B-General_Concept
catalog	O
IKEA	O
Place	O
that	O
helps	O
to	O
visualize	B-Application
the	O
furniture	O
products	O
in	O
real-world	O
spaces	O
like	O
homes	O
or	O
offices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
has	O
released	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
that	O
helps	O
shoppers	O
to	O
obtain	O
detailed	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
product	O
without	O
touching	O
it	O
or	O
inviting	O
sales	O
assistants	O
to	O
describe	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
this	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
real-time	O
if	O
Beacon	B-Protocol
technology	O
is	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Converse	O
Sampler	O
is	O
an	O
AR	B-General_Concept
app	O
to	O
assist	O
customers	O
to	O
visualize	B-Application
a	O
shoe	O
with	O
real-time	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
controversy	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Pokémon	B-Application
Go	I-Application
,	O
a	O
game	O
with	O
two	O
technical	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tracking	O
and	O
visualization	B-Application
processes	O
handled	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
ergonomic	O
,	O
safe	O
,	O
and	O
secure	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
