<s>
The	O
Coloured	B-Protocol
Book	I-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
were	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
communication	O
protocols	O
for	O
computer	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
developed	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
protocols	O
were	O
in	O
use	O
until	O
the	O
1990s	O
when	O
the	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
suite	I-Protocol
came	O
into	O
widespread	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
protocols	O
gained	O
some	O
acceptance	O
internationally	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
X.25	B-Protocol
standard	O
,	O
and	O
gave	O
the	O
UK	O
"	O
several	O
years	O
lead	O
over	O
other	O
countries	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
late	O
1991	O
,	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
were	O
adopted	O
on	O
the	O
Janet	O
network	O
instead	O
;	O
they	O
were	O
operated	O
simultaneously	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
until	O
X.25	B-Protocol
support	O
was	O
phased	O
out	O
entirely	O
in	O
August	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
protocol	O
was	O
basically	O
X.25	B-Protocol
level	O
3	O
running	O
over	O
LLC2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Orange	O
Book	O
defined	O
protocols	O
for	O
transport	O
over	O
local	O
networks	O
using	O
the	O
Cambridge	B-General_Concept
Ring	I-General_Concept
(	O
computer	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yellow	O
Book	O
defined	O
the	O
Yellow	O
Book	O
Transport	O
Service	O
(	O
YBTS	O
)	O
protocol	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Network	O
Independent	O
Transport	O
Service	O
(	O
NITS	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
mainly	O
run	O
over	O
X.25	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Simple	B-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
was	O
extended	O
to	O
allow	O
running	O
over	O
NITS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
really	O
occupies	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Network	O
layer	O
,	O
making	O
up	O
for	O
X.25	B-Protocol
'	O
s	O
lack	O
of	O
NSAP	O
addressing	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
n't	O
appear	O
until	O
the	O
X.25	B-Protocol
(	O
1980	O
)	O
revision	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
n't	O
available	O
in	O
implementations	O
for	O
some	O
years	O
afterwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
YBTS	O
used	O
source	B-Protocol
routing	I-Protocol
addressing	O
between	O
YBTS	O
nodes	O
—	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
global	O
addressing	O
scheme	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Green	O
Book	O
defined	O
two	O
protocols	O
to	O
connect	O
terminals	O
across	O
a	O
network	O
:	O
an	O
early	O
version	O
of	O
what	O
became	O
Triple-X	B-Protocol
PAD	I-Protocol
running	O
over	O
X.25	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
the	O
TS29	O
protocol	O
modelled	O
on	O
Triple-X	B-Protocol
PAD	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
running	O
over	O
YBTS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
protocols	O
are	O
similar	O
in	O
functionality	O
to	O
TELNET	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Blue	O
Book	O
defined	O
the	O
Network-Independent	O
File	B-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
NIFTP	O
)	O
,	O
analogous	O
to	O
Internet	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
running	O
over	O
YBTS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Internet	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
NIFTP	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
batch	B-General_Concept
mode	I-General_Concept
rather	O
than	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Protocol
Grey	I-Protocol
Book	I-Protocol
defined	O
protocols	O
for	O
e-mail	O
transfer	O
(	O
not	O
file	O
transfer	O
as	O
is	O
sometimes	O
claimed	O
)	O
,	O
running	O
over	O
Blue	O
Book	O
FTP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Red	O
Book	O
defined	O
the	O
Job	O
Transfer	O
and	O
Manipulation	O
Protocol	O
(	O
JTMP	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
jobs	O
to	O
be	O
transferred	O
from	O
one	O
computer	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
output	O
to	O
be	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
originating	O
(	O
or	O
another	O
)	O
computer	O
,	O
running	O
over	O
Blue	O
Book	O
FTP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
famous	O
quirk	O
of	O
Coloured	B-Protocol
Book	I-Protocol
was	O
that	O
components	O
of	O
hostnames	O
used	O
reverse	B-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
notation	I-Protocol
as	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
