<s>
Linux	B-Application
color	O
management	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
goal	O
as	O
the	O
color	O
management	O
systems	O
(	O
CMS	O
)	O
for	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
best	O
possible	O
color	O
reproduction	O
throughout	O
an	O
imaging	O
workflow	O
from	O
its	O
source	O
(	O
camera	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
scanner	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
through	O
imaging	O
software	O
(	O
Digikam	B-Language
,	O
darktable	B-Language
,	O
RawTherapee	B-Algorithm
,	O
GIMP	B-Application
,	O
Krita	B-Application
,	O
Scribus	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
onto	O
an	O
output	O
medium	O
(	O
monitor	B-Device
,	O
video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
,	O
printer	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
color	O
management	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
accurate	O
ICC	O
(	O
International	O
Color	O
Consortium	O
)	O
and	O
DCP	O
(	O
DNG	O
Color	O
Profile	O
)	O
profiles	O
describing	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
color-managed	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
are	O
aware	O
of	O
these	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
applications	B-Application
perform	O
gamut	O
conversions	O
between	O
device	O
profiles	O
and	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
color	O
management	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
initial	O
design	O
consideration	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
on	O
which	O
much	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
graphics	O
support	O
rests	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
color-managed	O
workflows	O
have	O
been	O
somewhat	O
more	O
challenging	O
to	O
implement	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
than	O
on	O
other	O
OS	O
's	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
or	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
situation	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
progressively	O
remedied	O
,	O
and	O
color	O
management	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
while	O
functional	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
acquired	O
mature	O
status	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
possible	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
consistent	O
color-managed	O
workflow	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
certain	O
problems	O
still	O
remain	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
hardware	O
devices	O
for	O
color	O
calibration	O
lack	O
Linux	B-Application
drivers	O
,	O
firmware	O
or	O
accessory	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
workaround	O
for	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
certain	O
spectrophotometers	O
or	O
colorimeters	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
:	O
one	O
can	O
simply	O
produce	O
a	O
profile	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
OS	O
and	O
then	O
use	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
workflow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
certain	O
hardware	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
most	O
printers	O
and	O
certain	O
monitors	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
calibrated	O
under	O
another	O
OS	O
and	O
then	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
fully	O
color-managed	O
workflow	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popular	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
distribution	I-Operating_System
added	O
initial	O
color	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
11.10	O
release	O
(	O
the	O
"	O
Oneiric	O
Ocelot	O
"	O
release	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Correctly	O
loaded	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
LUTs	O
(	O
or	O
monitor	B-Device
profiles	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
LUT	O
adjustments	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color-managed	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
are	O
configured	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
correct	O
monitor	B-Device
profile	O
and	O
input/output	O
profiles	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
rendering	O
intent	O
and	O
black	O
point	O
compensation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
or	O
for	O
output	O
devices	O
(	O
monitor	B-Device
,	O
printer	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
critical	O
elements	O
in	O
any	O
color-managed	O
workflow	O
is	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
,	O
because	O
,	O
at	O
one	O
step	O
or	O
another	O
,	O
handling	O
and	O
making	O
color	O
adaptation	O
through	O
imaging	O
software	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
most	O
images	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
to	O
present	O
accurate	O
colors	O
is	O
crucial	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitor	B-Device
color	O
management	O
consists	O
of	O
calibration	O
and	O
profiling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
step	O
,	O
calibration	O
,	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
adjusting	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
controls	O
and	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
the	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
(	O
via	O
calibration	O
curves	O
)	O
to	O
match	O
user-definable	O
characteristics	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
brightness	O
,	O
white	O
point	O
and	O
gamma	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seeing	O
correct	O
colors	O
requires	O
using	O
a	O
monitor	B-Device
profile-aware	O
application	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
calibration	O
used	O
when	O
profiling	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
monitor	B-Device
was	O
calibrated	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
profiled	O
,	O
the	O
profile	O
will	O
only	O
yield	O
correct	O
colors	O
when	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
with	O
the	O
same	O
calibration	O
(	O
the	O
same	O
monitor	B-Device
control	O
adjustments	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
calibration	O
curves	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
's	O
lookup	O
table	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
has	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
loading	O
calibration	O
curves	O
and	O
installing	O
a	O
system-wide	O
color	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
and	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
require	O
using	O
a	O
standalone	O
LUT	O
loader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICC	O
profiles	O
are	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
and	O
can	O
thus	O
be	O
created	O
on	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
and	O
used	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monitor	B-Device
profiles	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
require	O
some	O
additional	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
a	O
monitor	B-Device
profile	O
depends	O
both	O
on	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
itself	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
,	O
a	O
monitor	B-Device
profile	O
should	O
only	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
monitor	B-Device
and	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
with	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
monitor	B-Device
settings	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
adjusted	O
after	O
creating	O
the	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
since	O
most	O
calibration	O
software	O
use	O
LUT	O
adjustments	O
during	O
calibration	O
,	O
the	O
corresponding	O
LUTs	O
must	O
be	O
loaded	O
every	O
time	O
the	O
display	O
server	O
(	O
X11	B-Operating_System
,	O
Wayland	O
)	O
is	O
started	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
unlikely	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
colorimeter	O
being	O
unsupported	O
by	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
a	O
profile	O
created	O
under	O
Windows	O
or	O
macOS	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Create	O
a	O
profile	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
modify	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
LUTs	O
and	O
thus	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
LUTs	O
be	O
loaded	O
later	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ideally	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
would	O
rely	O
on	O
DDC-capable	O
monitors	O
—	O
the	O
internal	O
monitor	B-Device
settings	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
set	O
via	O
calibration	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
only	O
one	O
calibration	O
software	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
that	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
a	O
DDC	O
monitor	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
BasICColor	O
software	O
,	O
which	O
works	O
with	O
most	O
colorimeters	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
allows	O
one	O
to	O
adjust	O
display	O
output	O
via	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
interface	B-Application
,	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
choose	O
a	O
"	O
Profile	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
calibrate	O
"	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
doing	O
this	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
profile	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
LUT	O
adjustments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
BasICColor	O
and	O
EyeOne	O
Match	O
do	O
not	O
presently	O
run	O
under	O
Linux	B-Application
but	O
they	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
profile	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
LUT	O
adjustments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
documentation	O
,	O
these	O
loaders	O
do	O
not	O
modify	O
the	O
video	B-Device
card	I-Device
LUT	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
but	O
achieve	O
the	O
same	O
type	O
of	O
adjustment	O
by	O
modifying	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
server	O
gamma	O
ramp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loaders	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
that	O
use	O
X.org	B-Operating_System
or	O
XFree86	B-Device
—	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
popular	O
X	B-Operating_System
servers	I-Operating_System
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
X	B-Operating_System
servers	I-Operating_System
are	O
not	O
guaranteed	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
currently	O
available	O
loaders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
LUT	O
loaders	O
available	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
one	O
such	O
loader	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
command-line	B-Application
utility	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
quite	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
,	O
for	O
any	O
reason	O
,	O
the	O
LUT	O
cannot	O
be	O
loaded	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
recommended	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
initial	O
stages	O
of	O
calibration	O
where	O
a	O
user	O
is	O
asked	O
by	O
calibration	O
software	O
to	O
make	O
some	O
manual	O
adjustments	O
to	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
,	O
as	O
this	O
will	O
often	O
improve	O
display	O
linearity	O
and	O
also	O
provide	O
information	O
on	O
its	O
color	O
temperature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ICC-aware	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
the	O
correct	O
profiles	O
are	O
assigned	O
to	O
devices	O
,	O
mainly	O
to	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
and	O
the	O
printer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Linux	B-Application
applications	B-Application
can	O
auto-detect	O
the	O
monitor	B-Device
profile	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
requires	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
specified	O
manually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
designated	O
place	O
to	O
store	O
device	O
profiles	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
/usr/share/color/icc/	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
applications	B-Application
running	O
under	O
WINE	B-Application
have	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
tested	O
for	O
color	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
8-bpp	O
programs	O
can	O
have	O
some	O
color	O
resolution	O
difficulties	O
due	O
to	O
depth	O
conversion	O
errors	O
,	O
colors	O
in	O
higher-depth	O
applications	B-Application
should	O
be	O
accurate	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
those	O
programs	O
perform	O
their	O
gamut	O
conversions	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
monitor	B-Device
profile	O
as	O
that	O
used	O
for	O
loading	O
the	O
LUT	O
,	O
granted	O
that	O
the	O
corresponding	O
LUT	O
adjustments	O
are	O
loaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
darktable	B-Language
,	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
photo	O
developer	O
and	O
GIMP	B-Application
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
digiKam	B-Language
,	O
an	O
image	B-Application
organizer	I-Application
and	O
tag	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
color-managed	O
since	O
version	O
3	O
,	O
turned	O
on	O
by	O
default	O
since	O
v3.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GIMP	B-Application
,	O
a	O
raster	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geeqie	B-Language
,	O
an	O
image	B-Application
viewer	I-Application
and	O
image	B-Application
organizer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Krita	B-Application
and	O
Karbon	B-Language
,	O
an	O
image	B-Application
editor	I-Application
and	O
vector	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
editor	I-Application
,	O
respectively	O
(	O
parts	O
of	O
Calligra	B-Application
Suite	I-Application
,	O
a	O
graphic	B-Application
art	I-Application
and	O
office	O
suite	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LightZone	B-Language
,	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
photo	O
developer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
,	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RawTherapee	B-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
photo	O
developer	O
and	O
GIMP	B-Application
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scribus	B-Application
,	O
a	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
(	O
DTP	O
)	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Siril	B-Language
,	O
an	O
astronomical	O
image	O
processing	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UFRaw	B-Language
,	O
a	O
raw	B-Application
photo	O
developer	O
and	O
GIMP	B-Application
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CinePaint	B-Application
,	O
an	O
obsolete	O
16-bit-capable	O
image	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
F-Spot	B-Language
,	O
an	O
obsolete	O
image	B-Application
organizer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bibble	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
an	O
obsolete	O
raw	B-Application
digital	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phatch	B-Algorithm
,	O
an	O
obsolete	O
raster	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
editor	I-Application
used	O
to	O
batch-process	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Argyll	O
CMS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
only	O
collection	O
of	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Argyll	O
CMS	O
covers	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
needs	O
from	O
source	O
or	O
output	O
characterization	O
to	O
monitor	B-Device
LUT	O
loading	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Argyll	O
CMS	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
package	O
in	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
Debian	O
,	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
(	O
Build	O
Service	O
)	O
and	O
Fedora	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
generic	O
x86	O
Linux	B-Application
binary	O
installation	O
from	O
the	O
web	O
site	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
source	O
code	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
display	O
calibration	O
and	O
profiling	O
solution	O
with	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
which	O
uses	O
ArgyllCMS	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
command-line	B-Application
tool	I-Application
for	O
generating	O
ICC	O
and	O
DCP	O
(	O
DNG	O
Color	O
Profile	O
)	O
camera	O
profiles	O
from	O
test	O
target	O
measurements	O
or	O
camera	O
spectral	O
sensitivity	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
or	O
LCMS	O
Profiler	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
tool	O
for	O
producing	O
profiles	O
for	O
cameras	O
,	O
scanners	O
and	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LPROF	O
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
LittleCMS	B-Application
(	O
LCMS	O
)	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
color	O
profile	O
file	O
for	O
a	O
monitor	B-Device
will	O
typically	O
contain	O
two	O
parts	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gamma+matrix	O
part	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
gamma/hue/saturation	O
correction	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
by	O
individual	O
color-managed	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
color-managed	O
setup	O
,	O
the	O
VCGT/LUT	O
part	O
is	O
typically	O
loaded	O
on	O
login	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
filename	O
of	O
the	O
color	O
profile	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
_ICC_PROFILE	O
X	B-Device
atom	I-Device
so	O
that	O
color	O
managed	O
programs	O
can	O
load	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
default	O
profile	O
for	O
applying	O
gamma+matrix	O
corrections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
a	O
daemon	B-Operating_System
that	O
interacts	O
with	O
colord	B-Application
and	O
sets	O
the	O
_ICC_PROFILE	O
X	B-Device
atom	I-Device
to	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
your	O
color	O
profile	O
,	O
for	O
program-specific	O
gamma+matrix	O
corrections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
GNOME	O
and	O
KDE	O
already	O
inform	O
colord	B-Application
if	O
you	O
've	O
set	O
a	O
profile	O
in	O
their	O
settings	O
,	O
whereas	O
XFCE	O
has	O
no	O
built-in	O
colord	B-Application
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
colord	B-Application
is	O
a	O
system	B-Operating_System
daemon	I-Operating_System
that	O
makes	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
manage	O
,	O
install	O
and	O
generate	O
color	O
profiles	O
to	O
accurately	O
color	O
manage	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
colord	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
D-Bus	B-Language
API	O
for	O
system	O
frameworks	O
to	O
query	O
,	O
offering	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
get	O
the	O
profiles	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
device	O
or	O
create	O
a	O
device	O
and	O
assign	O
to	O
it	O
a	O
given	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
colord	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
persistent	O
database-backed	O
store	O
that	O
is	O
preserved	O
across	O
reboots	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
provides	O
the	O
session	O
for	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
set	O
system	O
settings	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
setting	O
the	O
display	O
profile	O
for	O
all	O
users	O
and	O
all	O
sessions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	O
Color	O
Manager	O
and	O
colord-kde	O
are	O
graphical	B-Application
tools	I-Application
for	O
colord	B-Application
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
GNOME	O
and	O
KDE	O
desktop	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
client	O
to	O
colord	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
colord	B-Application
supports	O
the	O
following	O
subsystems	O
:	O
</s>
