<s>
In	O
digital	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
color	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
array	I-Algorithm
(	O
CFA	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
color	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
mosaic	I-Algorithm
(	O
CFM	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
mosaic	O
of	O
tiny	O
color	O
filters	O
placed	O
over	O
the	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
sensors	O
of	O
an	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
to	O
capture	O
color	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
(	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
image	O
)	O
gives	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
light	O
in	O
red	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
and	O
blue	O
(	O
RGB	O
)	O
wavelength	O
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
raw	O
image	O
data	O
captured	O
by	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
is	O
then	O
converted	O
to	O
a	O
full-color	O
image	O
(	O
with	O
intensities	O
of	O
all	O
three	O
primary	O
colors	O
represented	O
at	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
)	O
by	O
a	O
demosaicing	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
which	O
is	O
tailored	O
for	O
each	O
type	O
of	O
color	O
filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
spectral	O
transmittance	O
of	O
the	O
CFA	O
elements	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
demosaicing	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
jointly	O
determine	O
the	O
color	O
rendition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sensor	O
's	O
passband	B-Algorithm
quantum	O
efficiency	O
and	O
span	O
of	O
the	O
CFA	O
's	O
spectral	O
responses	O
are	O
typically	O
wider	O
than	O
the	O
visible	O
spectrum	O
,	O
thus	O
all	O
visible	O
colors	O
can	O
be	O
distinguished	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Foveon	B-Algorithm
X3	I-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
uses	O
a	O
different	O
structure	O
such	O
that	O
a	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
utilizes	O
properties	O
of	O
multi-junctions	O
to	O
stack	O
blue	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
and	O
red	O
sensors	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
arrangement	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
demosaicing	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
because	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
has	O
information	O
about	O
each	O
color	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dick	O
Merrill	O
of	O
Foveon	O
distinguishes	O
the	O
approaches	O
as	O
"	O
vertical	O
color	O
filter	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
Foveon	B-Algorithm
X3	I-Algorithm
versus	O
"	O
lateral	O
color	O
filter	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
CFA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
Name	O
Description	O
Pattern	O
size	O
(	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
)	O
50px|Bayer	O
pattern	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
Very	O
common	O
RGB	O
filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2×2	O
50px|RGBE	O
pattern	O
RGBE	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
Bayer-like	O
with	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
green	O
filters	O
modified	O
to	O
"	O
emerald	O
"	O
;	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
Sony	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2×2	O
50px|RYYB	O
pattern	O
RYYB	O
filter	O
One	O
red	O
,	O
two	O
yellow	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
blue	O
;	O
2×2	O
50px|CYYM	O
pattern	O
CYYM	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
One	O
cyan	O
,	O
two	O
yellow	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
magenta	O
;	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
cameras	O
of	O
Kodak	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2×2	O
50px|CYGM	O
pattern	O
CYGM	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
One	O
cyan	O
,	O
one	O
yellow	O
,	O
one	O
green	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
magenta	O
;	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
See	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
#Modifications	O
)	O
4×4	O
50px|RGBW	O
pattern	O
RGBW	O
#2	O
50px|RGBW	O
pattern	O
RGBW	O
#3	O
2×4	O
50px|X	O
Trans	O
pattern	O
X-Trans	B-Algorithm
Fujifilm-specific	O
RGB	O
matrix	O
filter	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
pattern	O
,	O
studied	O
for	O
diminishing	O
Moiré	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
6×6Quad	O
BayerSimilar	O
to	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
,	O
however	O
with	O
4x	O
blue	O
,	O
4x	O
red	O
,	O
and	O
8x	O
green	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
by	O
Sony	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Tetracell	B-Architecture
by	O
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
4-cell	O
by	O
OmniVision.4	O
×4RYYB	O
Quad	O
BayerSimilar	O
to	O
Quad	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
with	O
RYYB	O
instead	O
of	O
RGGB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Leica	O
camera	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
Huawei	B-Application
P30	I-Application
series	O
smartphones.NonacellSimilar	O
to	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
,	O
however	O
with	O
9x	O
blue	O
,	O
9x	O
red	O
,	O
and	O
18x	O
green.6	O
×650x50pxRCCCUsed	O
in	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
RGBW	O
matrix	O
(	O
from	O
red	O
,	O
green	O
,	O
blue	O
,	O
white	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
CFA	O
that	O
includes	O
"	O
white	O
"	O
or	O
transparent	O
filter	O
elements	O
that	O
allow	O
the	O
photodiode	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
all	O
colors	O
of	O
light	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
some	O
cells	O
are	O
"	O
panchromatic	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
is	O
detected	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
absorbed	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
matrix	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kodak	O
announced	O
several	O
RGBW	O
CFA	O
patents	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
the	O
property	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
panchromatic	O
cells	O
are	O
ignored	O
,	O
the	O
remaining	O
color	O
filtered	O
cells	O
are	O
arranged	O
such	O
that	O
their	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
processed	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
Bayer	O
demosaicing	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
some	O
interference	O
between	O
the	O
dyes	O
and	O
the	O
ultraviolet	B-Application
light	O
needed	O
to	O
properly	O
expose	O
the	O
polymer	O
,	O
though	O
solutions	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
for	O
this	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
sources	O
discuss	O
other	O
specific	O
chemical	O
substances	O
,	O
attending	O
optical	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
optimal	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O
of	O
color	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
arrays	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
Nakamura	O
said	O
that	O
materials	O
for	O
on-chip	O
color	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
arrays	I-Algorithm
fall	O
into	O
two	O
categories	O
:	O
pigment	O
and	O
dye	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Theuwissen	O
says	O
"	O
Previously	O
,	O
the	O
color	O
filter	O
was	O
fabricated	O
on	O
a	O
separate	O
glass	O
plate	O
and	O
glued	O
to	O
the	O
CCD	B-Algorithm
(	O
Ishikawa	O
81	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
nowadays	O
,	O
all	O
single-chip	O
color	O
cameras	O
are	O
provided	O
with	O
an	O
imager	B-Algorithm
which	O
has	O
the	O
color	O
filter	O
on-chip	O
processed	O
(	O
Dillon	O
78	O
)	O
and	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
hybrid.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
provides	O
a	O
bibliography	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
,	O
types	O
,	O
aliasing	B-Error_Name
effects	O
,	O
moire	O
patterns	O
,	O
and	O
spatial	O
frequencies	O
of	O
the	O
absorptive	O
filters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
sources	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
CFA	O
can	O
be	O
manufactured	O
separately	O
and	O
affixed	O
after	O
the	O
sensor	O
has	O
been	O
manufactured	O
,	O
while	O
other	O
sensors	O
have	O
the	O
CFA	O
manufactured	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
imager	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gelatin	O
is	O
sectionalized	O
,	O
via	O
photolithography	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
dyed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
that	O
the	O
CFAs	O
are	O
deposited	O
on	O
the	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
surface	O
at	O
the	O
BEOL	B-Algorithm
(	O
back	B-Algorithm
end	I-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
line	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
later	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
integrated	B-Architecture
circuit	I-Architecture
manufacturing	I-Architecture
line	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
low-temperature	O
regime	O
must	O
be	O
rigidly	O
observed	O
(	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
low	O
melting	O
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
aluminum	O
metalized	O
"	O
wires	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
substrate	O
mobility	O
of	O
the	O
dopants	O
implanted	O
within	O
the	O
bulk	O
silicon	O
)	O
,	O
organics	O
would	O
be	O
preferred	O
over	O
glass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nakamura	O
provides	O
a	O
schematic	O
and	O
bibliographic	O
items	O
illustrating	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
microlenses	O
,	O
their	O
f-number	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interplay	O
with	O
the	O
CFA	O
and	O
CCD	B-Algorithm
array	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
on	O
the	O
three-CCD/prism	O
cameras	O
stress	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
fully	O
integrated	O
design	O
solution	O
for	O
CFAs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
color	O
layer	O
is	O
a	O
LCD	B-Device
based	O
CFA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
displaying	O
grey	O
scale	O
images	O
the	O
device	O
runs	O
at	O
its	O
native	O
resolution	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
300	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
per	O
inch	O
(	O
PPI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
CFA	O
is	O
LCD	B-Device
based	O
,	O
the	O
CFA	O
requires	O
constant	O
power	O
to	O
run	O
and	O
uses	O
more	O
energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
refresh	O
rate	O
on	O
video	O
versions	O
of	O
these	O
devices	O
is	O
fast	O
enough	O
for	O
video	O
playback	O
(	O
33	O
Hz	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
25	O
Hz	O
for	O
PAL	B-Language
television	O
or	O
29.97	O
Hz	O
for	O
NTSC	O
television	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
require	O
more	O
energy	O
to	O
operate	O
than	O
a	O
plain	O
E	O
Ink	O
display	O
but	O
much	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
LCD	B-Device
based	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
