<s>
A	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
(	O
CWE	O
)	O
supports	O
people	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
e-professionals	B-Protocol
,	O
in	O
their	O
individual	O
and	O
cooperative	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Working	O
practices	O
in	O
a	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
evolved	O
from	O
the	O
traditional	O
or	O
geographical	O
co-location	O
paradigm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
e-professionals	B-Protocol
use	O
a	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
to	O
provide	O
and	O
share	O
information	O
and	O
exchange	O
views	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
common	O
understanding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wiki	B-Protocol
group	O
or	O
community	O
effort	O
to	O
edit	O
wiki	B-Protocol
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
extends	O
the	O
traditional	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
professional	O
to	O
include	O
any	O
type	O
of	O
knowledge	O
worker	O
who	O
intensively	O
uses	O
information	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
communications	I-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
(	O
ICT	O
)	O
environments	O
and	O
tools	O
in	O
their	O
working	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
e-professionals	B-Protocol
conduct	O
their	O
collaborative	O
work	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environments	I-Protocol
(	O
CWE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CWE	O
refers	O
to	O
online	O
collaboration	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
virtual	O
teams	O
,	O
mass	O
collaboration	O
,	O
and	O
massively	O
distributed	O
collaboration	O
)	O
;	O
online	O
communities	O
of	O
practice	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
open	O
innovation	O
principles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
collaborative	O
work	O
system	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
collaborative	O
work	O
system	O
generally	O
includes	O
a	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
conceived	O
primarily	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
human	O
activities	O
,	O
intentional	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
that	O
emerge	O
every	O
time	O
a	O
collaboration	O
occurs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
participatory	O
leadership	O
,	O
another	O
key	O
element	O
of	O
a	O
successful	O
collaborative	O
work	O
system	O
is	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
group	O
collaboration	O
technology	O
or	O
groupware	B-Application
–	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
tools	O
that	O
help	O
groups	O
to	O
access	O
and	O
share	O
the	O
information	O
the	O
professionals	O
need	O
to	O
meet	O
,	O
train	O
or	O
teach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
a	O
collaborative	O
work	O
system	O
(	O
CWS	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
require	O
groupware	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simple	O
way	O
to	O
conceptualize	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
concepts	O
is	O
to	O
consider	O
computer	B-Protocol
supported	I-Protocol
cooperative	I-Protocol
work	I-Protocol
(	O
CSCW	B-Protocol
)	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
collaborative	O
work	O
system	O
(	O
CWS	O
)	O
supported	O
by	O
collaborative	B-Application
software	I-Application
or	O
groupware	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
a	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
working	I-Protocol
environment	I-Protocol
which	O
supports	O
people	O
in	O
both	O
their	O
individual	O
and	O
cooperative	O
work	O
,	O
whatever	O
their	O
geographical	O
location	O
transcends	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
CSCW	B-Protocol
which	O
deals	O
specifically	O
with	O
cooperative	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
