<s>
Collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
citizen	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
the	O
aggregation	O
of	O
Web	O
mapping	O
and	O
user-generated	O
content	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
individuals	O
or	O
entities	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
take	O
several	O
distinct	O
forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
technology	O
for	O
storing	O
and	O
sharing	O
maps	O
,	O
collaborative	O
maps	O
have	O
become	O
competitors	O
to	O
commercial	O
services	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
OpenStreetMap	O
,	O
or	O
components	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Map	I-Application
Maker	I-Application
Waze	B-Application
and	O
Yandex	O
Map	O
Editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
special	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
larger	O
phenomenon	O
known	O
as	O
crowd	O
sourcing	O
,	O
that	O
allows	O
citizens	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
collaborative	O
approach	O
to	O
accomplish	O
a	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goals	O
in	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
have	O
a	O
geographical	O
aspect	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Especially	O
when	O
data	O
,	O
information	O
,	O
knowledge	O
is	O
distributed	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
and	O
an	O
aggregation	O
of	O
data	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
,	O
then	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
can	O
bring	O
a	O
benefit	O
for	O
the	O
citizens	O
or	O
activities	O
in	O
a	O
community	O
with	O
an	O
e-Planing	O
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensions	O
of	O
critical	O
and	O
participatory	O
approaches	O
to	O
geographic	B-Application
information	I-Application
systems	I-Application
combines	O
software	O
tools	O
with	O
a	O
joint	O
activities	O
to	O
accomplish	O
a	O
community	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
aggregated	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
a	O
Location-based	B-Application
service	I-Application
like	O
available	O
public	O
transport	O
options	O
at	O
the	O
geolocation	O
where	O
a	O
mobile	O
device	O
is	O
currently	O
used	O
(	O
GPS-sensor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
applications	O
vary	O
depending	O
on	O
which	O
feature	O
the	O
collaborative	O
edition	O
takes	O
place	O
:	O
on	O
the	O
map	O
itself	O
(	O
shared	O
surface	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
on	O
overlays	O
to	O
the	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
very	O
simple	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
application	O
would	O
just	O
plot	O
users	O
 '	O
locations	O
(	O
social	O
mapping	O
or	O
geosocial	O
networking	O
)	O
or	O
Wikipedia	O
articles	O
 '	O
locations	O
(	O
Placeopedia	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
and	O
specifically	O
surface	O
sharing	O
faces	O
the	O
same	O
problems	O
as	O
revision	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
,	O
namely	O
concurrent	O
access	O
issues	O
and	O
versioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
uses	O
map	O
tiles	O
from	O
a	O
third-party	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
mapping	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
adds	O
its	O
own	O
collaboratively	O
edited	O
overlays	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
sometimes	O
in	O
a	O
wiki	B-Protocol
fashion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
each	O
user	O
's	O
revisions	O
are	O
contained	O
in	O
an	O
overlay	O
,	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
revision	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
and	O
cluttering	O
can	O
be	O
mitigated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
accessibility	O
platform	O
Accessadvisr	O
,	O
which	O
utilises	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
to	O
inform	O
persons	O
of	O
accessibility	O
issues	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
reliable	O
and	O
trustworthy	O
as	O
professional	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
overlays-based	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
tools	O
follow	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
and	O
focus	O
on	O
user	O
centered	O
content	O
creation	O
and	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Humanitarian	O
OpenStreetMap	O
Team	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
OpenStreetMap	O
,	O
provides	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
support	O
for	O
humanitarian	O
objectives	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
robot	B-General_Concept
navigation	I-General_Concept
,	O
3-dimensional	O
maps	O
can	O
be	O
reconstructed	O
collaboratively	O
using	O
simultaneous	B-Application
localization	I-Application
and	I-Application
mapping	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canvis.app	O
-	O
a	O
platform	O
that	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
easily	O
generate	O
,	O
customize	O
,	O
and	O
share	O
a	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
campaign	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
aspects	O
of	O
quality	O
assurance	O
are	O
relevant	O
for	O
collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
vandalism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collaborative	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
mobile	O
devices	O
but	O
if	O
data	O
is	O
captured	O
with	O
a	O
mobile	O
device	O
the	O
satellite	O
navigation	O
(	O
like	O
GPS	O
is	O
helpful	O
to	O
assign	O
the	O
current	O
geolocation	O
to	O
the	O
collected	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
geolocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
joint	O
repository	O
of	O
the	O
mapping	O
process	O
are	O
captured	O
by	O
a	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
-	O
Reverting	O
changes	O
is	O
possible	O
and	O
specific	O
quality	O
assured	O
versions	O
of	O
specific	O
areas	O
can	O
be	O
marked	O
as	O
reference	O
map	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
area	O
(	O
like	O
permanent	O
links	O
in	O
Wikipedia	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blockchain	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
integrity	O
check	O
of	O
alterations	O
or	O
digital	O
signature	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
mark	O
a	O
certain	O
version	O
as	O
"	O
quality	O
assured	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
institution	O
that	O
signed	O
a	O
map	O
as	O
digital	O
file	O
or	O
digital	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
