<s>
ColecoVision	B-Device
is	O
a	O
second-generation	B-Application
home	B-Device
video-game	I-Device
console	I-Device
developed	O
by	O
Coleco	O
and	O
launched	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
August	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
in	O
Europe	O
by	O
CBS	O
Electronics	O
as	O
the	O
CBS	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
console	O
offered	O
a	O
closer	O
experience	O
to	O
more	O
powerful	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
compared	O
to	O
competitors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
and	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
catalog	O
of	O
twelve	O
games	O
on	O
ROM	B-Protocol
cartridge	B-Protocol
included	O
the	O
first	O
home	O
version	O
of	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
as	O
the	O
pack-in	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Approximately	O
136	O
games	O
were	O
published	O
between	O
1982	O
and	O
1984	O
,	O
including	O
Sega	O
's	O
Zaxxon	B-Application
and	O
some	O
ports	O
of	O
lesser	O
known	O
arcade	O
games	O
that	O
found	O
a	O
larger	O
audience	O
on	O
the	O
console	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Lady	B-Application
Bug	I-Application
,	O
Cosmic	B-Application
Avenger	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Venture	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Expansion	O
Module	O
#1	O
"	O
allows	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
play	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
cartridges	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
module	O
converts	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
into	O
the	O
Coleco	B-Device
Adam	I-Device
home	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
1985	O
when	O
Coleco	O
withdrew	O
from	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
had	O
already	O
contemplated	O
shifting	O
focus	O
to	O
their	O
Cabbage	O
Patch	O
Kids	O
success	O
after	O
the	O
costly	O
failure	O
of	O
their	O
Coleco	B-Device
Adam	I-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
entered	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
market	O
in	O
1976	O
during	O
the	O
dedicated-game	O
home	B-Device
console	I-Device
period	O
with	O
their	O
line	O
of	O
Telstar	B-Application
consoles	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
that	O
market	O
became	O
oversaturated	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
nearly	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
,	O
but	O
found	O
a	O
successful	O
product	O
through	O
handheld	B-Application
electronic	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
with	O
products	O
that	O
beat	O
out	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
market	O
leader	O
,	O
Mattel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
also	O
developed	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
miniaturized	O
tabletop	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
with	O
licensed	O
rights	O
from	O
arcade	O
game	O
makers	O
including	O
Sega	O
,	O
Bally	O
,	O
Midway	O
,	O
and	O
Nintendo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
survive	O
on	O
sales	O
of	O
their	O
electronic	O
games	O
through	O
to	O
1982	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
market	O
itself	O
began	O
to	O
wane	O
,	O
and	O
Greenberg	O
was	O
still	O
interested	O
in	O
producing	O
a	O
home	B-Device
video	I-Device
game	I-Device
console	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Eric	O
Bromley	O
,	O
who	O
led	O
the	O
engineering	O
for	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
,	O
Coleco	O
president	O
Arnold	O
Greenberg	O
had	O
wanted	O
to	O
get	O
into	O
the	O
programmable	O
home	B-Device
console	I-Device
market	O
with	O
arcade-quality	O
games	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
components	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
limiting	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
early	O
as	O
1979	O
,	O
Bromley	O
had	O
drawn	O
out	O
specifications	O
for	O
a	O
system	O
using	O
a	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
video	O
and	O
a	O
General	O
Instruments	O
audio	O
chip	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
not	O
get	O
the	O
go-ahead	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1981	O
,	O
Bromley	O
saw	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
that	O
asserted	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
had	O
fallen	O
and	O
,	O
after	O
working	O
the	O
cost	O
numbers	O
,	O
Bromley	O
found	O
the	O
system	O
cost	O
fell	O
within	O
their	O
cost	O
margins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
ten	O
minutes	O
of	O
reporting	O
this	O
to	O
Greenberg	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
established	O
the	O
working	O
name	O
"	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
"	O
for	O
the	O
console	O
as	O
they	O
began	O
a	O
more	O
thorough	O
design	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
marketing	O
department	O
never	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
surpass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
recognized	O
that	O
licensed	O
conversion	O
of	O
arcade	O
conversions	O
had	O
worked	O
for	O
Atari	O
in	O
selling	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
VCS	I-General_Concept
,	O
so	O
they	O
had	O
approached	O
Nintendo	O
around	O
1981	O
for	O
potential	O
access	O
to	O
their	O
arcade	O
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
meal	O
with	O
Yamauchi	O
during	O
one	O
day	O
,	O
Bromley	O
excused	O
himself	O
to	O
the	O
restroom	O
and	O
happened	O
upon	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
cabinets	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
to	O
Western	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Knowing	O
this	O
game	O
would	O
likely	O
be	O
a	O
hit	O
,	O
Bromley	O
arranged	O
a	O
meeting	O
the	O
following	O
day	O
with	O
Yamauchi	O
and	O
requested	O
the	O
exclusive	O
rights	O
to	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
;	O
Yamauchi	O
offered	O
them	O
if	O
only	O
they	O
could	O
provide	O
upfront	O
by	O
that	O
day	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
per	O
unit	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
's	O
announcement	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
bundle	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
with	O
the	O
console	O
was	O
initially	O
met	O
with	O
surprise	O
and	O
skepticism	O
,	O
with	O
journalists	O
and	O
retailers	O
questioning	O
why	O
they	O
would	O
give	O
away	O
their	O
most	O
anticipated	O
home	O
video	O
game	O
with	O
the	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
Christmas	O
1982	O
,	O
Coleco	O
had	O
sold	O
more	O
than	O
500,000	O
units	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
on	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
as	O
the	O
bundled	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ColecoVision	B-Device
's	O
main	O
competitor	O
was	O
the	O
less	O
commercially	O
successful	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
5200	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
distributed	O
by	O
CBS	O
Electronics	O
outside	O
of	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
was	O
branded	O
the	O
CBS	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
1984	O
,	O
quarterly	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
had	O
dramatically	O
decreased	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1985	O
,	O
Coleco	O
discontinued	O
the	O
Adam	B-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
home	O
computer	O
expansion	O
for	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
mid-1985	O
,	O
Coleco	O
planned	O
to	O
withdraw	O
from	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
officially	O
discontinued	O
by	O
October	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1983	O
,	O
Spectravideo	O
announced	O
the	O
SV-603	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
Video	O
Game	O
Adapter	O
for	O
its	O
SV-318	B-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
$70	O
product	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
"	O
enjoy	O
the	O
entire	O
library	O
of	O
exciting	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
video-game	O
cartridges	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ColecoVision	B-Device
is	O
based	O
around	O
the	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
CPU	O
and	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
Texas	B-Architecture
Instruments	I-Architecture
TMS9918	I-Architecture
video	O
chip	O
that	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
NTSC	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
consoles	O
,	O
all	O
first-party	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
and	O
most	O
third-party	O
software	O
titles	O
feature	O
a	O
12.7	O
second	B-Application
pause	O
before	O
presenting	O
the	O
game	O
select	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CBS	O
Electronics	O
reduced	O
this	O
pause	O
in	O
the	O
BIOS	O
to	O
3.3	O
seconds	O
for	O
their	O
PAL	B-Language
and	O
SECAM	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
introduction	O
,	O
Coleco	O
touted	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
's	O
hardware	O
expandability	O
by	O
highlighting	O
the	O
Expansion	O
Module	O
Interface	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expansion	O
Module	O
#1	O
makes	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
compatible	O
with	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
cartridges	B-Protocol
and	O
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
leveraged	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
2600	O
used	O
largely	O
off-the-shelf	O
components	O
and	O
was	O
effectively	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
2600	O
electronics	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
reverse-engineered	O
equivalent	O
of	O
the	O
2600	O
's	O
sole	O
custom	O
chip	O
,	O
the	O
TIA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
console	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
any	O
translation	O
or	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
code	O
on	O
the	O
2600	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
;	O
it	O
only	O
provided	O
power	O
and	O
clock	O
input	O
to	O
and	O
audio/video	O
output	O
from	O
the	O
expansion	O
module	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
otherwise	O
entirely	O
self-contained	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
clone	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Functionally	O
,	O
this	O
gave	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
the	O
largest	O
software	O
library	O
of	O
any	O
console	O
of	O
its	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expansion	O
Module	O
#2	O
is	O
a	O
driving	O
controller	O
(	O
steering	O
wheel	O
/	O
gas	O
pedal	O
)	O
that	O
came	O
packaged	O
with	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
Turbo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
driving	O
controller	O
is	O
also	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
Destructor	O
,	O
Bump	B-Application
'	I-Application
n	I-Application
 '	I-Application
Jump	I-Application
,	O
Pitstop	B-Application
,	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Dukes	I-Application
of	I-Application
Hazzard	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expansion	O
Module	O
#3	O
converts	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
into	O
the	O
Adam	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
complete	O
with	O
keyboard	O
,	O
digital	O
data	O
pack	O
(	O
DDP	O
)	O
cassette	O
drive	O
,	O
64	O
KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
printer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Roller	O
Controller	O
is	O
a	O
trackball	B-Device
that	O
came	O
packaged	O
with	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
Slither	O
,	O
a	O
conversion	O
of	O
the	O
arcade	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
roller	O
controller	O
uses	O
a	O
special	O
power	O
connector	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
Expansion	O
Module	O
#3	O
(	O
the	O
Adam	B-Device
computer	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
other	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
programmed	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
roller	O
controller	O
is	O
Victory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
joystick	O
mode	O
switch	O
on	O
the	O
roller	O
controller	O
allows	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
all	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
including	O
WarGames	B-Application
,	O
Omega	B-Application
Race	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Atarisoft	O
's	O
Centipede	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Super	O
Action	O
Controller	O
Set	O
,	O
available	O
in	O
September	O
1983	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
two	O
handheld	O
joystick	O
controllers	O
that	O
came	O
packaged	O
with	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
Super	O
Action	O
Baseball	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
Super	O
Action	O
Football	O
,	O
Rocky	B-Application
Super	O
Action	O
Boxing	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
conversion	O
of	O
the	O
arcade	O
game	O
Front	B-Application
Line	I-Application
are	O
also	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Super	O
Action	O
Controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
advertised	O
for	O
an	O
August	O
1983	O
release	O
but	O
was	O
ultimately	O
cancelled	O
and	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
Adam	B-Device
computer	I-Device
expansion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Super	O
Game	O
Module	O
added	O
a	O
tape	O
drive	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Exatron	B-Device
Stringy	I-Device
Floppy	I-Device
with	O
128KB	O
capacity	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
additional	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
30KB	O
,	O
to	O
load	O
and	O
execute	O
programs	O
from	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
could	O
be	O
distributed	O
on	O
tiny	O
tapes	O
,	O
called	O
wafers	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
much	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
16KB	O
or	O
32KB	O
ROM	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
of	O
the	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
,	O
with	O
all	O
screens	O
and	O
animations	O
,	O
Super	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
Jr	O
,	O
and	O
Super	O
Smurf	O
Rescue	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
the	O
Super	O
Game	O
Module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Adam	B-Device
computer	I-Device
expansion	O
with	O
its	O
256KB	O
tape	O
drive	O
and	O
64KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
fulfilled	O
the	O
specifications	O
promised	O
by	O
the	O
Super	O
Game	O
Module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Masayuki	B-Application
Uemura	I-Application
,	O
head	O
of	O
Famicom	O
development	O
,	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
set	O
the	O
bar	O
that	O
influenced	O
how	O
he	O
approached	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Famicom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Nintendo	O
Entertainment	O
System	O
,	O
Takao	O
Sawano	O
,	O
chief	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
brought	O
a	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
home	O
to	O
his	O
family	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
impressed	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
capability	O
to	O
produce	O
smooth	O
graphics	O
,	O
which	O
contrasted	O
with	O
the	O
flickering	O
commonly	O
seen	O
on	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	O
,	O
Bit	O
Corporation	O
produced	O
a	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
clone	O
called	O
the	O
Dina	B-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
by	O
Telegames	O
as	O
the	O
Telegames	O
Personal	O
Arcade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IGN	O
named	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
their	O
12th-best	O
video-game	O
console	O
out	O
of	O
their	O
list	O
of	O
25	O
,	O
citing	O
"	O
its	O
incredible	O
accuracy	O
in	O
bringing	O
current-generation	O
arcade	O
hits	O
home.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
homebrew	B-Application
ColecoVision	B-Device
game	O
was	O
released	O
:	O
a	O
Tetris	B-Device
clone	I-Device
titled	O
Kevtris	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
,	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
games	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
1998	O
follow-up	O
,	O
Colecovision	B-Device
Hits	O
Volume	O
One	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
Opcode	O
Games	O
released	O
their	O
own	O
Super	O
Game	O
Module	O
expansion	O
,	O
which	O
increases	O
RAM	B-Architecture
from	O
1KB	O
to	O
32KB	O
and	O
adds	O
four	O
additional	O
sound	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
expansion	O
brings	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
close	O
to	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
standard	O
,	O
allowing	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
software	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
easily	O
ported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
AtGames	O
began	O
producing	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
Flashback	O
console	O
that	O
includes	O
60	O
games	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
original	O
pack-in	O
game	O
,	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
.	O
</s>
