<s>
ColdFusion	B-Language
Markup	I-Language
Language	I-Language
,	O
more	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
CFML	B-Language
,	O
is	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
web	O
development	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
,	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
framework	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
App	I-Application
Engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
commercial	O
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
implementations	O
of	O
CFML	B-Language
engines	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
including	O
Adobe	B-Language
ColdFusion	I-Language
,	O
Lucee	B-Language
,	O
New	O
Atlanta	O
BlueDragon	B-Language
(	O
who	O
offer	O
both	O
a	O
Java-based	O
and	O
a	O
.NET-based	O
version	O
)	O
,	O
Railo	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Open	B-Language
BlueDragon	I-Language
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
CFML	B-Language
server	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
simplest	O
form	B-General_Concept
,	O
like	O
many	O
other	O
web	O
scripting	O
languages	O
,	O
CFML	B-Language
augments	O
standard	O
HTML	B-Language
files	I-Language
with	O
database	O
commands	O
,	O
conditional	O
operators	O
,	O
high-level	O
formatting	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
elements	O
to	O
produce	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFML	B-Language
also	O
includes	O
numerous	O
other	O
constructs	O
including	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
Components	O
(	O
CFCs	O
)	O
,	O
CFML	B-Language
's	O
version	O
of	O
objects	B-Language
,	O
that	O
allow	O
for	O
separation	O
of	O
business	O
logic	O
from	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFML	B-Language
can	O
be	O
written	O
using	O
either	O
tags	O
or	O
CFScript	B-Language
,	O
which	O
resembles	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
ECMA	B-Language
script	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pages	O
in	O
a	O
CFML	B-Language
application	B-Application
include	O
the	O
server-side	B-Application
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
and	O
functions	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
CFML	B-Language
applications	O
also	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
CFCs	O
that	O
are	O
accessed	O
by	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
pages	O
for	O
executing	O
business	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
requests	O
a	O
page	O
in	O
a	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
application	B-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
automatically	O
pre-processed	O
by	O
the	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
application	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFML	B-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
other	O
languages	O
,	O
aside	O
from	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
name	O
,	O
CFML	B-Language
is	O
not	O
a	O
markup	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
not	O
SGML	B-Language
,	O
since	O
certain	O
core	O
CFML	B-Language
features	O
prevent	O
it	O
from	O
complying	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
is	O
configured	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
certain	O
file	O
extensions	O
on	O
the	O
server	O
(	O
.cfm	O
,	O
.cfc	O
)	O
are	O
handed	O
off	O
to	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
for	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Java-based	O
engines	O
this	O
is	O
accomplished	O
via	O
Java	B-Application
servlets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
only	O
processes	O
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
and	O
functions	O
;	O
it	O
returns	O
text	O
outside	O
of	O
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
and	O
functions	O
to	O
the	O
web	O
server	O
unchanged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
4	O
,	O
the	O
space	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
removed	O
to	O
become	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
acquired	O
Macromedia	O
in	O
2005	O
and	O
is	O
still	O
actively	O
developing	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
Alan	O
Williamson	O
and	O
his	O
Scottish	O
company	O
,	O
"	O
n-ary	O
"	O
,	O
began	O
creating	O
a	O
templating	O
engine	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
to	O
simplify	O
common	O
programming	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Williamson	O
was	O
using	O
curly-brace	O
notation	O
instead	O
of	O
tags	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
he	O
saw	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
CFML	B-Language
and	O
how	O
it	O
was	O
solving	O
similar	O
problems	O
(	O
although	O
not	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
)	O
using	O
a	O
tag	O
syntax	O
,	O
he	O
started	O
developing	O
what	O
would	O
eventually	O
become	O
BlueDragon	B-Language
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Java	B-Language
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
was	O
written	O
in	O
C	O
and	O
C++	B-Language
until	O
version	O
6.0	O
—	O
the	O
first	O
Java-based	O
version	O
of	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
—	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Atlanta	O
licensed	O
BlueDragon	B-Language
around	O
2001	O
and	O
made	O
it	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
,	O
eventually	O
creating	O
a	O
.NET	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
CFML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open	B-Language
BlueDragon	I-Language
is	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	O
BlueDragon	B-Language
product	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Railo	B-Language
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
began	O
as	O
a	O
student	O
project	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
launched	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
project	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Railo	B-Language
announced	O
they	O
were	O
making	O
the	O
engine	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
in	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
version	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
18	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
CFUnited	O
conference	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
formed	O
a	O
CFML	B-Language
Advisory	O
Committee	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
guiding	O
and	O
reviewing	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Google	B-Application
Group	I-Application
CFML	B-Language
Conventional	O
Wisdom	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
a	O
forum	O
for	O
open	O
,	O
public	O
discussions	O
about	O
language	O
and	O
engine	O
features	O
;	O
its	O
use	O
has	O
dwindled	O
since	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
function	O
is	O
to	O
push	O
open-source	B-Application
CFML	B-Language
applications	O
and	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Former	O
Railo	B-Language
lead	O
developer	B-Application
Michael	O
Offner	O
launched	O
Lucee	B-Language
,	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
Railo	B-Language
,	O
in	O
London	O
on	O
January	O
29	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backed	O
by	O
community	O
supporters	O
and	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Lucee	B-Language
Association	O
,	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
CFML	B-Language
using	O
fewer	O
resources	O
,	O
giving	O
better	O
performance	O
and	O
to	O
move	O
CFML	B-Language
past	O
its	O
roots	O
and	O
into	O
a	O
modern	O
and	O
dynamic	O
Web	O
programming	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
have	O
a	O
similar	O
format	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
enclosed	O
in	O
angle	O
brackets	O
(	O
< and >	O
)	O
and	O
generally	O
have	O
zero	O
or	O
more	O
named	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
,	O
though	O
some	O
tags	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
cfset	O
,	O
cfif	O
)	O
contain	O
an	O
expression	O
rather	O
than	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
have	O
bodies	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
beginning	O
and	O
end	O
tags	O
with	O
text	O
to	O
be	O
processed	O
between	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
tags	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cfset	O
and	O
cfftp	O
,	O
never	O
have	O
bodies	O
;	O
all	O
the	O
required	O
information	O
goes	O
between	O
the	O
beginning	O
(	O
< )  character and the ending (>	O
)	O
character	O
in	O
the	O
form	B-General_Concept
of	O
tag	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
(	O
name/value	O
pairs	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
example	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
is	O
legal	O
for	O
tags	O
not	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
body	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
syntactically	O
acceptable	O
to	O
leave	O
them	O
unclosed	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
example	O
,	O
though	O
many	O
CFML	B-Language
developers	B-Application
choose	O
to	O
self-close	O
tags	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
example	O
to	O
(	O
arguably	O
)	O
make	O
the	O
code	O
more	O
legible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
if	O
the	O
tag	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
body	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
body	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
necessary	O
in	O
some	O
instances	O
because	O
the	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
specify	O
all	O
the	O
required	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
cffunction	O
,	O
cfparam	O
,	O
cfqueryparam	O
)	O
if	O
the	O
programmer	B-Application
declares	O
their	O
type	O
specifically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
functionality	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
cfqueryparam	O
to	O
secure	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
databases	O
from	O
hackers	O
and	O
malicious	O
web	O
requests	O
such	O
as	O
SQL	B-Language
injection	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
100	O
tags	O
and	O
many	O
more	O
functions	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
lists	O
CFML	B-Language
tags	O
by	O
their	O
function	O
or	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFML	B-Language
allows	O
language	O
extensions	O
in	O
the	O
form	B-General_Concept
of	O
custom	O
tags	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
tags	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
developer	B-Application
that	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
language	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Custom	O
tags	O
are	O
regular	O
CFML	B-Language
files	O
which	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
invoked	O
as	O
tags	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
treat	O
a	O
template	B-Application
as	O
both	O
a	O
custom	O
tag	O
and	O
a	O
regular	O
template	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Custom	O
tags	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
CFML	B-Language
and	O
are	O
typically	O
invoked	O
by	O
prefixing	O
the	O
custom	O
tag	O
's	O
file	O
name	O
with	O
cf_	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
ways	O
to	O
invoke	O
custom	O
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
template	B-Application
is	O
invoked	O
as	O
a	O
custom	O
tag	O
,	O
the	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
used	O
to	O
invoke	O
that	O
tag	O
are	O
available	O
within	O
the	O
tag	O
in	O
an	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
scope	O
and	O
the	O
variables	O
for	O
the	O
calling	O
page	O
are	O
accessible	O
via	O
the	O
caller	O
scope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
if	O
writing	O
a	O
custom	O
tag	O
to	O
perform	O
addition	O
,	O
taking	O
two	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
and	O
adding	O
them	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
tag	O
would	O
be	O
an	O
addition.cfm	O
file	O
which	O
could	O
look	O
like	O
this	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CFX	O
tags	O
are	O
custom	O
tags	O
which	O
are	O
developed	O
using	O
Java	B-Language
or	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
and	O
are	O
prefixed	O
with	O
cfx_	O
just	O
like	O
cf_	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
tags	O
are	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
runtime	O
environment	O
using	O
the	O
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
's	O
administrator	O
or	O
by	O
editing	O
configuration	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
some	O
CFML	B-Language
engines	O
JSP	B-Language
tags	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
CFML	B-Language
pages	O
using	O
the	O
<cfimport>	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ColdFusion	B-Language
Markup	I-Language
Language	I-Language
includes	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
functions	O
that	O
you	O
use	O
to	O
perform	O
logical	O
and	O
arithmetic	O
operations	O
and	O
manipulate	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
URLEncodedFormat	O
,	O
ToString	B-Language
...	O
)	O
Date	O
and	O
timeDate	O
and	O
time	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFCs	O
provide	O
some	O
(	O
not	O
all	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
typical	O
features	O
and	O
functionality	O
that	O
are	O
provided	O
by	O
object-oriented	B-Language
(	O
OOP	O
)	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Create	O
a	O
file	O
with	O
a	O
.CFC	O
extension	O
(	O
this	O
distinguishes	O
CFCs	O
from	O
ColdFusion	B-Language
templates	B-Application
,	O
which	O
have	O
a	O
.CFM	O
extension	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFCs	O
are	O
plain	O
CFML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
a	O
CFC	O
any	O
CFML	B-Language
tag	O
,	O
function	O
,	O
custom	O
tag	O
,	O
other	O
components	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
test.cfm	O
template	B-Application
invokes	O
the	O
method	O
and	O
converts	O
212	O
degrees	O
Fahrenheit	O
and	O
outputs	O
the	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFCs	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
instantiated	O
as	O
objects	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
CFCs	O
also	O
form	B-General_Concept
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
web	O
services	O
in	O
CFML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CFC	O
is	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
usual	O
way	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
attribute	O
access	O
=	O
"	O
remote	O
"	O
added	O
to	O
any	O
function	O
within	O
the	O
CFC	O
will	O
make	O
that	O
function	O
available	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
as	O
a	O
SOAP-based	O
web	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CFML	B-Language
engine	O
auto-generates	O
a	O
WSDL	O
and	O
creates	O
all	O
the	O
necessary	O
stubs	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
service	O
to	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
