<s>
In	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
a	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
(	O
or	O
code	B-General_Concept
base	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
particular	O
software	O
system	O
,	O
application	B-Application
,	O
or	O
software	B-Architecture
component	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
a	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
includes	O
only	O
human-written	O
source	O
code	O
system	O
files	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
a	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
usually	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
source	O
code	O
files	O
generated	O
by	O
tools	O
(	O
generated	O
files	O
)	O
or	O
binary	O
library	O
files	O
(	O
object	O
files	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
built	O
from	O
the	O
human-written	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
is	O
typically	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
source	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
repository	O
in	O
a	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subversion	B-Application
,	O
Git	B-Application
and	O
Mercurial	B-Protocol
are	O
examples	O
of	O
popular	O
tools	O
used	O
to	O
handle	O
this	O
workflow	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
open	O
source	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
smaller	O
projects	O
,	O
its	O
code	O
may	O
be	O
kept	O
as	O
a	O
non-managed	O
set	O
of	O
files	O
(	O
even	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
was	O
maintained	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
files	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
projects	O
can	O
have	O
separate	O
,	O
distinct	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
shared	O
or	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
more	O
detail	O
,	O
a	O
monolithic	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
typically	O
entails	O
a	O
single	O
repository	O
(	O
all	O
the	O
code	O
in	O
one	O
place	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
a	O
common	O
build	O
system	O
or	O
common	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whether	O
the	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
is	O
shared	O
or	O
split	O
does	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
architecture	O
and	O
actual	O
build	O
results	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
a	O
monolithic	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
actual	O
development	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
entail	O
a	O
monolithic	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
,	O
which	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
software	O
architecture	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
monolithic	O
binary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
a	O
monolithic	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
may	O
and	O
(	O
for	O
large	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
)	O
often	O
will	O
consist	O
of	O
separate	O
components	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
carrying	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
system	O
or	O
single	O
binary	O
;	O
a	O
distributed	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
(	O
with	O
multiple	O
components	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
single	O
monolithic	B-Architecture
system	I-Architecture
or	O
even	O
a	O
single	O
binary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
is	O
architecturally	O
a	O
single	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
it	O
consists	O
of	O
separate	O
binaries	O
(	O
loadable	O
components	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
developed	O
in	O
multiple	O
distributed	O
repositories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
both	O
advantages	O
and	O
disadvantages	O
to	O
a	O
monolithic	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
when	O
it	O
is	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
distributed	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
simply	O
,	O
a	O
monolithic	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
simplifies	O
integrationchanges	O
to	O
different	O
components	O
or	O
refactoring	O
of	O
code	O
between	O
components	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
easily	O
and	O
atomicallyand	O
allows	O
operations	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
requires	O
a	O
larger	O
repository	O
and	O
makes	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
introduce	O
wide-ranging	O
technical	O
debt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
separate	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
or	O
a	O
distributed	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
keeps	O
individual	O
repositories	O
smaller	O
and	O
more	O
manageable	O
,	O
enforcing	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
separation	O
between	O
components	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
requires	O
integration	O
between	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
(	O
or	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
repository	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
complicates	O
changes	O
that	O
span	O
multiple	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
standards	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
multiple	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
as	O
"	O
distinct	O
"	O
declares	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
independent	O
implementations	O
without	O
shared	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
that	O
,	O
historically	O
,	O
these	O
implementations	O
did	O
not	O
evolve	O
from	O
a	O
common	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
notably	O
large	O
codebases	B-General_Concept
include	O
:	O
</s>
