<s>
Mono	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
.NET	O
Framework-compatible	O
software	B-Architecture
framework	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
by	O
Ximian	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
Novell	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
led	O
by	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
can	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
many	O
software	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Release	O
history	O
Date	O
Version	O
Notes	O
2004-06-30	O
1.0	O
C#	B-Application
1.0	O
support	O
2004-09-21	O
1.1	O
2006-11-09	O
1.2	O
C#	B-Language
2.0	I-Language
support	O
2008-10-06	O
2.0	O
Mono	B-Application
's	O
APIs	B-Application
are	O
now	O
in	O
par	O
with	O
.NET	B-Application
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduces	O
the	O
C#	B-Language
3.0	I-Language
and	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
8	O
compilers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Mono-specific	O
APIs	B-Application
:	O
MonoCecil	O
,	O
MonoCairo	O
and	O
MonoPosix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gtk#	O
2.12	O
is	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gendarme	O
verification	O
tool	O
and	O
Mono	B-Application
Linker	O
are	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2009-01-13	O
2.2	O
Mono	B-Application
switches	O
its	O
JIT	O
engine	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
internal	O
representation	O
that	O
gives	O
it	O
a	O
performance	O
boost	O
and	O
introduces	O
SIMD	B-Device
support	O
in	O
the	O
MonoSimd	O
MonoSimd	O
namespace.Mono	O
introduces	O
Full	O
Ahead	O
of	O
Time	O
compilation	O
that	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
full	O
static	O
applications	O
and	O
debuts	O
the	O
C#	B-Application
Compiler	O
as	O
a	O
Service	O
and	O
the	O
C#	B-Application
Interactive	O
Shell	O
(	O
C#	B-Application
REPL	O
)	O
2009-03-30	O
2.4	O
This	O
release	O
mostly	O
polishes	O
all	O
the	O
features	O
that	O
shipped	O
in	O
2.2	O
and	O
became	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
Long-Term	O
support	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
in	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2009-12-15	O
2.6	O
The	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
is	O
now	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
LLVM	B-Application
as	O
a	O
code	O
generation	O
backend	O
and	O
this	O
release	O
introduces	O
Mono	B-Application
co-routines	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
Soft	O
Debugger	O
and	O
the	O
CoreCLR	O
security	O
system	O
required	O
for	O
Moonlight	B-Language
and	O
other	O
Web-based	O
plugins.On	O
the	O
class	O
library	O
System.IO.Packaging	O
,	O
WCF	O
client	O
,	O
WCF	O
server	O
,	O
LINQ	O
to	O
SQL	O
debut	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2010-09-22	O
2.8	O
Defaults	O
to	O
.NET	B-Application
4.0	O
profile	O
,	O
C#	B-Language
4.0	I-Language
support	O
,	O
new	O
generational	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
,	O
includes	O
Parallel	B-Library
Extensions	I-Library
,	O
WCF	O
Routing	O
,	O
CodeContracts	B-Application
,	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
drops	O
the	O
1.0	O
profile	O
support	O
;	O
the	O
LLVM	B-Application
engine	O
tuned	O
to	O
support	O
99.9	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
generated	O
code	O
,	O
runtime	O
selectable	O
llvm	B-Application
and	O
gc	O
;	O
incorporates	O
Dynamic	B-Application
Language	I-Application
Runtime	I-Application
,	O
MEF	O
,	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
MVC2	O
,	O
OData	O
Client	O
open-source	B-Application
code	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
;	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Will	O
become	O
release	O
3.0	O
2011-02-15	O
2.10	O
2012-10-18	O
3.0	O
C#	B-Application
5.0	I-Application
support	O
,	O
async	O
support	O
,	O
Async	O
Base	O
Class	O
Library	O
Upgrade	O
and	O
MVC4	O
-	O
Partial	O
,	O
no	O
async	O
features	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2013-07-24	O
3.2	O
Default	O
Garbage	B-General_Concept
Collector	I-General_Concept
is	O
now	O
the	O
SGEN	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
Boehm	O
2014-03-31	O
3.4	O
2014-08-12	O
3.6	O
2014-09-04	O
3.8	O
2014-10-04	O
3.10	O
2015-01-13	O
3.12	O
2015-04-29	O
4.0	O
Defaults	O
to	O
.NET	B-Application
4.5	O
profile	O
and	O
ships	O
only	O
.NET	B-Application
4.5	O
assemblies	O
,	O
defaults	O
to	O
C#	B-Application
6.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
release	O
to	O
integrate	O
Microsoft	O
open-source	B-Application
.NET	B-Application
Core	I-Application
code	O
2017-05-10	O
5.0	O
Shipping	O
Roslyn	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
to	O
enable	O
C	B-Language
#7	O
support	O
;	O
Shipping	O
msbuild	O
and	O
deprecating	O
xbuild	O
for	O
better	O
compatibility	O
;	O
Enabling	O
concurrent	O
SGen	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
to	O
reduce	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
GC	O
;	O
Introducing	O
the	O
AppleTLS	O
stack	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
for	O
HTTPS	O
connections	O
;	O
Continued	O
Progress	O
on	O
.NET	B-Application
Class	O
Library	O
convergence	O
;	O
Updated	O
libjpeg	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
package	O
2017-07-14	O
5.2	O
Support	O
for	O
.NET	B-Application
Standard	O
2.0	O
,	O
strong	O
assembly	O
names	O
,	O
and	O
experimental	O
default	O
interface	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Microsoft	O
first	O
announced	O
their	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
in	O
June	O
2000	O
it	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
new	O
platform	O
based	O
on	O
Internet	O
standards	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
December	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
the	O
underlying	O
Common	O
Language	O
Infrastructure	O
was	O
published	O
as	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
,	O
"	O
ECMA-335	O
"	O
,	O
opening	O
up	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
independent	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
of	O
Ximian	O
believed	O
that	O
.NET	B-Application
had	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
increase	O
programmer	O
productivity	O
and	O
began	O
investigating	O
whether	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
version	O
was	O
feasible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recognizing	O
that	O
their	O
small	O
team	O
could	O
not	O
expect	O
to	O
build	O
and	O
support	O
a	O
full	O
product	O
,	O
they	O
launched	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
open-source	B-Application
project	O
,	O
on	O
July	O
19	O
,	O
2001	O
at	O
the	O
O'Reilly	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
three	O
years	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
Mono	B-Application
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
evolved	O
from	O
its	O
initial	O
focus	O
of	O
a	O
developer	O
platform	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
desktop	O
applications	O
to	O
supporting	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
architectures	O
and	O
operating	O
systems	O
-	O
including	O
embedded	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Novell	O
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Attachmate	O
in	O
April	O
2011	O
,	O
Attachmate	O
announced	O
hundreds	O
of	O
layoffs	O
for	O
the	O
Novell	O
workforce	O
,	O
putting	O
in	O
question	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
16	O
,	O
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
announced	O
in	O
his	O
blog	O
that	O
Mono	B-Application
would	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
a	O
company	O
he	O
founded	O
after	O
being	O
laid	O
off	O
from	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Mono	B-Application
team	O
had	O
also	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin	B-Application
planned	O
to	O
keep	O
working	O
on	O
Mono	B-Application
and	O
had	O
planned	O
to	O
rewrite	O
the	O
proprietary	O
.NET	B-Application
stacks	O
for	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
Android	B-Application
from	O
scratch	O
,	O
because	O
Novell	O
still	O
owned	O
MonoTouch	O
and	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
this	O
announcement	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
questioned	O
,	O
MonoTouch	O
and	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
being	O
in	O
direct	O
competition	O
with	O
the	O
existing	O
commercial	O
offerings	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Attachmate	O
,	O
and	O
considering	O
that	O
the	O
Xamarin	B-Application
team	O
would	O
have	O
difficulties	O
proving	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
use	O
technologies	O
they	O
formerly	O
developed	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
employed	O
by	O
Novell	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
Novell	O
,	O
now	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Attachmate	O
,	O
and	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
granted	O
a	O
perpetual	O
license	O
to	O
Xamarin	B-Application
for	O
Mono	B-Application
,	O
MonoTouch	O
and	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
which	O
officially	O
took	O
stewardship	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
's	O
current	O
version	O
is	O
6.0.0	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
provides	O
the	O
core	O
API	B-Application
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
and	O
support	O
for	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic.NET	I-Language
and	O
C#	B-Application
7.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LINQ	O
to	O
Objects	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
SQL	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
2.0	O
is	O
also	O
supported	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
actively	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
its	O
support	O
on	O
Mono	B-Application
is	O
incomplete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
4.0	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
that	O
incorporates	O
Microsoft	O
original	O
source	O
code	O
that	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Core	I-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
January	O
14	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Mono	B-Application
has	O
full	O
support	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
features	O
in	O
.NET	B-Application
4.7	O
except	O
Windows	B-Device
Presentation	I-Device
Foundation	I-Device
(	O
WPF	B-Device
)	O
(	O
which	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
team	O
do	O
not	O
plan	O
to	O
support	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
work	O
it	O
would	O
need	O
)	O
and	O
Windows	O
Workflow	O
Foundation	O
(	O
WF	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
only	O
limited	O
support	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
Communication	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
(	O
WCF	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
async	O
stack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
System.Web	O
and	O
WCF	O
are	O
candidates	O
for	O
'	O
almost	O
immediate	O
 '	O
porting	O
from	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
reference	O
source	O
back	O
to	O
Mono	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
missing	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
are	O
under	O
development	O
in	O
an	O
experimental	O
Mono	B-Application
subproject	O
called	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
project	I-Application
has	O
also	O
created	O
a	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.NET	I-Language
compiler	O
and	O
a	O
runtime	O
designed	O
for	O
running	O
VB.NET	B-Language
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Silverlight	I-Application
,	O
called	O
Moonlight	B-Language
,	O
has	O
been	O
included	O
since	O
Mono	B-Application
1.9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moonlight	B-Language
1.0	O
,	O
which	O
supports	O
the	O
Silverlight	B-Application
1.0	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
January	O
20	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moonlight	B-Language
2.0	O
supports	O
Silverlight	B-Application
2.0	O
and	O
some	O
features	O
of	O
Silverlight	B-Application
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
preview	O
release	O
of	O
Moonlight	B-Language
3.0	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
February	O
2010	O
and	O
contains	O
updates	O
to	O
Silverlight	B-Application
3	I-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Moonlight	B-Language
project	O
was	O
abandoned	O
on	O
May	O
29	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Silverlight	B-Application
itself	O
was	O
deprecated	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
by	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
consists	O
of	O
three	O
groups	O
of	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
components	O
include	O
the	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
,	O
the	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
for	O
the	O
Common	O
Language	O
Infrastructure	O
and	O
the	O
core	O
class	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
components	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Ecma-334	B-Application
and	O
Ecma-335	O
standards	O
,	O
allowing	O
Mono	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
a	O
standards	O
compliant	O
,	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
CLI	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono/Linux/GNOME	O
development	O
stack	O
provide	O
tools	O
for	O
application	O
development	O
while	O
using	O
the	O
existing	O
GNOME	B-Application
and	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
:	O
Gtk#	O
for	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
development	O
,	O
Mozilla	O
libraries	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Gecko	B-Language
rendering	I-Language
engine	I-Language
,	O
Unix	O
integration	O
libraries	O
(	O
Mono.Posix	O
)	O
,	O
database	O
connectivity	O
libraries	O
,	O
a	O
security	O
stack	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
schema	O
language	O
RelaxNG	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gtk#	O
allows	O
Mono	B-Application
applications	O
to	O
integrate	O
into	O
the	O
Gnome	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
as	O
native	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
database	O
libraries	O
provide	O
connectivity	O
to	O
the	O
object-relational	O
database	O
db4o	B-Language
,	O
Firebird	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
Server	I-Application
(	O
MSSQL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
Open	B-Application
Database	I-Application
Connectivity	I-Application
(	O
ODBC	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
,	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
,	O
SQLite	B-Language
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
project	I-Application
tracks	O
developing	O
database	O
components	O
at	O
its	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microsoft	O
compatibility	O
stack	O
provides	O
a	O
pathway	O
for	O
porting	O
Windows	O
.NET	B-Application
applications	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
group	O
of	O
components	O
include	O
ADO.NET	B-Device
,	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Forms	I-Application
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
components	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
specific	O
class	O
libraries	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mono-specific	O
enhancements	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
co-routines	B-Architecture
and	O
continuations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
contains	O
a	O
code	O
execution	O
engine	O
that	O
translates	O
ECMA	O
CIL	O
byte	O
codes	O
into	O
native	O
code	O
and	O
supports	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
processors	O
:	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
(	O
in	O
32-bit	O
mode	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
S390	B-Device
(	O
in	O
64-bit	O
mode	O
)	O
,	O
x86	B-Operating_System
,	O
x86-64	B-Device
and	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
for	O
64-bit	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ahead-of-Time	O
(	O
AOT	O
)	O
compilation	O
:	O
this	O
code	O
turns	O
the	O
ECMA	O
CIL	O
byte	O
codes	O
(	O
typically	O
found	O
on	O
a	O
.exe	O
or	O
.dll	O
file	O
)	O
and	O
generates	O
native	O
code	O
stored	O
in	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
architecture	O
and	O
CPU	O
specific	O
file	O
(	O
for	O
a	O
foo.exe	O
file	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
produce	O
foo.exe.so	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
some	O
exceptions	O
like	O
trampolines	B-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
administrative	O
code	O
that	O
still	O
require	O
the	O
JIT	O
to	O
function	O
,	O
so	O
AOT	O
images	O
are	O
not	O
fully	O
standalone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
Static	O
Compilation	O
:	O
this	O
mode	O
is	O
only	O
supported	O
on	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
platforms	O
and	O
takes	O
the	O
Ahead-of-Time	O
compilation	O
process	O
one	O
step	O
further	O
and	O
generates	O
all	O
the	O
trampolines	B-General_Concept
,	O
wrappers	O
and	O
proxies	O
that	O
are	O
required	O
into	O
a	O
static	O
file	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
statically	O
linked	O
into	O
a	O
program	O
and	O
completely	O
eliminates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
JIT	O
at	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
iOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Sony	O
's	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Xbox	B-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Mono	B-Application
2.6	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
configure	O
Mono	B-Application
to	O
use	O
the	O
LLVM	B-Application
as	O
the	O
code	O
generation	O
engine	O
instead	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
's	O
own	O
code	O
generation	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
2.7	O
preview	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
necessary	O
to	O
pick	O
one	O
engine	O
over	O
the	O
other	O
at	O
configuration	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
generation	O
engine	O
can	O
be	O
selected	O
at	O
startup	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
--llvm	O
or	O
--nollvm	O
command	O
line	O
arguments	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
defaults	O
to	O
the	O
fast-starting	O
Mono	B-Application
code	O
generation	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Mono	B-Application
5.18	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
LLVM	B-Application
is	O
a	O
default	O
configuration	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
versions	O
required	O
a	O
special	O
LLVM	B-Application
fork	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
mono	B-Application
can	O
fall	O
back	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
code	O
generator	O
when	O
it	O
encounters	O
something	O
not	O
handled	O
by	O
LLVM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
2.8	O
,	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
ships	O
with	O
two	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collectors	I-General_Concept
:	O
a	O
generational	O
collector	O
and	O
the	O
Boehm-Demers-Weiser	B-Language
Conservative	I-Language
Garbage	I-Language
Collector	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Boehm	B-Language
garbage	I-Language
collector	I-Language
could	O
exhibit	O
memory	B-Error_Name
leaks	I-Error_Name
on	O
certain	O
classes	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
unsuitable	O
for	O
some	O
long-running	O
server	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
switched	O
to	O
Simple	O
Generational	B-General_Concept
GC	I-General_Concept
(	O
SGen-GC	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
collector	O
in	O
version	O
3.1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SGen	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
has	O
many	O
advantages	O
over	O
a	O
traditional	O
conservative	O
scanner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
generational	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
where	O
new	O
objects	O
are	O
allocated	O
from	O
a	O
nursery	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
cycle	O
,	O
all	O
objects	O
that	O
survived	O
are	O
migrated	O
to	O
an	O
older	O
generation	O
memory	O
pool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
expensive	O
for	O
large	O
objects	O
,	O
so	O
Mono	B-Application
's	O
SGen	O
uses	O
a	O
separate	O
pool	O
of	O
memory	O
for	O
large	O
objects	O
(	O
Large	O
Object	O
Section	O
)	O
and	O
uses	O
a	O
mark-and-sweep	O
algorithm	O
for	O
those	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
primarily	O
written	O
in	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
but	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
Common	O
Language	O
Specification	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
any	O
.NET	B-Application
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speaking	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
is	O
primarily	O
referring	O
to	O
this	O
class	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
structure	O
is	O
implemented	O
using	O
dot-separated	O
words	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
top-level	O
namespace	O
is	O
System	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
System.IO	O
and	O
System.Net	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
assemblies	O
are	O
mscorlib.dll	B-Application
,	O
System.dll	O
,	O
System.Data.dll	O
and	O
Accessibility.dll	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Common	O
Language	O
Infrastructure	O
(	O
CLI	O
)	O
as	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
Common	O
Language	O
Runtime	O
(	O
CLR	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
executable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
runtime	O
compiles	O
and	O
executes	O
.NET	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
compiler	O
generates	O
an	O
image	O
that	O
conforms	O
to	O
the	O
CLS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
takes	O
this	O
image	O
and	O
runs	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ECMA	O
standard	O
formally	O
defines	O
a	O
library	O
that	O
conforms	O
to	O
the	O
CLS	O
as	O
a	O
framework	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
a	O
native	O
.NET/Mono	O
application	O
,	O
all	O
code	O
is	O
managed	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
governed	O
by	O
the	O
CLI	O
's	O
style	O
of	O
memory	O
management	O
and	O
thread	O
safety	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
.NET	B-Application
or	O
Mono	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
use	O
legacy	O
code	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
unmanaged	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
System.Runtime.InteropServices	O
libraries	O
to	O
create	O
C#	B-Application
bindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
libraries	O
which	O
ship	O
with	O
Mono	B-Application
use	O
this	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
CLI	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Gtk#	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
has	O
innovated	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
with	O
new	O
extensions	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
CLI	O
specifications	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
C#	B-Application
Compiler	O
as	O
a	O
Service	O
(	O
Use	O
the	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
as	O
a	O
library	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C#	B-Application
Interactive	O
Shell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SIMD	B-Device
support	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Mono.SIMD	O
namespace	O
,	O
where	O
method	O
calls	O
to	O
special	O
vector	O
types	O
are	O
directly	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
processor	O
CPU	O
SIMD	B-Device
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
static	O
compilation	O
of	O
.NET	B-Application
code	O
(	O
used	O
on	O
Mono/iPhone	O
,	O
Mono/PS3	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
coroutines	B-Architecture
(	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
micro-threading	O
code	O
and	O
continuations	O
,	O
mostly	O
for	O
game	O
developers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
LLVM	B-Application
as	O
JIT	O
backend	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cxxi	O
and	O
direct	O
interop	O
with	O
C++	B-Language
code	I-Language
and	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Mono	B-Application
is	O
available	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
operating	O
systems	O
and	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
projects	O
extend	O
Mono	B-Application
and	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
in	O
their	O
development	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Banshee	B-Language
Media	I-Language
Player	I-Language
(	O
stalled	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
music	O
media	O
player	O
built	O
with	O
Mono	B-Application
and	O
Gtk#	O
and	O
also	O
a	O
driver	O
of	O
dozens	O
of	O
C#	B-Application
-based	O
libraries	O
and	O
projects	O
for	O
media	O
handling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beagle	B-Language
(	O
unmaintained	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
search	O
system	O
for	O
Unix	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gecko#	O
,	O
bindings	O
for	O
embedding	O
the	O
layout	O
engine	O
used	O
in	O
Mozilla	O
(	O
Gecko	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gtk#	O
,	O
C#	B-Application
wrappers	O
around	O
the	O
underlying	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
libraries	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
available	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
MacOS	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
Migration	O
Analyzer	O
(	O
MoMA	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
tool	O
which	O
aids	O
Windows	O
.NET	B-Application
developers	O
in	O
finding	O
areas	O
in	O
their	O
code	O
that	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
cross-platform	O
and	O
therefore	O
not	O
work	O
in	O
Mono	B-Application
on	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Unixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
upgraded	O
since	O
Mono	B-Application
2.8	O
(	O
2013	O
)	O
;	O
use	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
.NET	B-Application
Portability	O
Analyzer	O
(	O
dotnet-apiport	O
)	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoCross	B-Language
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
model	O
–	O
view	O
–	O
controller	O
design	O
pattern	O
where	O
the	O
Model	O
and	O
Controller	O
are	O
shared	O
across	O
platforms	O
and	O
the	O
Views	O
are	O
unique	O
for	O
each	O
platform	O
for	O
an	O
optimized	O
User	O
Interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
framework	B-Architecture
requires	O
Xamarin.iOS	O
and	O
Xamarin.Android	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
Model	O
View	O
ViewModel	O
framework	B-Architecture
utilizing	O
Xamarin.iOS	O
and	O
Xamarin.Android	O
for	O
developing	O
mobile	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoDevelop	B-Language
an	O
open-source	B-Application
and	O
cross-platform	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
that	O
supports	O
building	O
applications	O
for	O
ASP.NET	B-Application
,	O
Gtk#	O
,	O
Meego	O
,	O
MonoTouch	O
and	O
Silverlight/Moonlight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moonlight	B-Language
(	O
discontinued	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Silverlight	B-Application
that	O
uses	O
Mono	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenTK	B-Application
,	O
a	O
managed	O
binding	O
for	O
OpenGL	O
,	O
OpenCL	O
and	O
OpenAL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
C#	B-Application
bindings	O
for	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
framework	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resco	O
MobileCRM	O
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	O
developer	O
solution	O
for	O
mobile	O
clients	O
synchronized	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Dynamics	I-Application
CRM	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ServiceStack	O
a	O
high-performance	O
open-source	B-Application
.NET	B-Application
REST	O
web	O
services	O
framework	B-Architecture
that	O
simplifies	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
JSON	O
and	O
SOAP	O
web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SparkleShare	B-Protocol
an	O
open-source	B-Application
client	O
software	O
that	O
provides	O
cloud	O
storage	O
and	O
file	O
synchronization	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tao	B-Application
(	O
superseded	O
by	O
OpenTK	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
graphics	O
and	O
gaming	O
bindings	O
(	O
OpenGL	O
,	O
SDL	O
,	O
GLUT	O
,	O
Cg	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xwt	O
,	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
toolkit	O
that	O
maps	O
API	B-Application
calls	O
to	O
native	O
platform	O
calls	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
platform	O
,	O
exposing	O
one	O
unified	O
API	B-Application
across	O
different	O
platforms	O
and	O
making	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
to	O
have	O
native	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
on	O
different	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
enables	O
building	O
GUI-based	O
desktop	O
applications	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
multiple	O
platforms	O
,	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
customizing	O
code	O
for	O
different	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xwt	O
API	B-Application
is	O
mapped	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
native	O
controls	O
on	O
each	O
supported	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xwt	O
was	O
partially	O
used	O
as	O
GUI	B-Application
toolkit	O
(	O
beside	O
GTK#	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Xamarin	B-Application
Studio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
"	O
backend	O
"	O
engines	O
are	O
:	O
WPF	B-Device
engine	O
and	O
Gtk	B-Application
engine	O
(	O
using	O
Gtk#	O
)	O
on	O
Windows	O
,	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
engine	I-Operating_System
(	O
using	O
MonoMac	O
)	O
and	O
Gtk	B-Application
engine	O
(	O
using	O
Gtk#	O
)	O
on	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Gtk	B-Application
engine	O
(	O
using	O
Gtk#	O
)	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Cocoa#	B-Language
–	O
wrappers	O
around	O
the	O
native	O
macOS	B-Application
toolkit	O
(	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
)	O
(	O
deprecated	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monobjc	B-Library
–	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
bindings	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoMac	O
–	O
newer	O
bindings	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
programming	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MonoTouch	O
API	B-Application
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
bindings	O
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
for	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPad	B-Device
and	O
iPod	O
Touches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
bindings	O
to	O
the	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoTools	O
for	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
A	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
plugin	O
that	O
allows	O
Windows	O
developers	O
to	O
target	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
right	O
from	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
and	O
integrates	O
with	O
SUSE	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
.NET	B-Application
2.0	O
now	O
available	O
only	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
,	O
called	O
the	O
Shared	B-Application
Source	I-Application
CLI	I-Application
(	O
Rotor	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
's	O
shared	B-License
source	I-License
license	O
may	O
be	O
insufficient	O
for	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
(	O
it	O
explicitly	O
forbids	O
commercial	O
use	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Free	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
's	O
decommissioned	O
Portable.NET	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoDevelop	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
GNOME	B-Application
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
primarily	O
designed	O
for	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
other	O
.NET	B-Application
languages	O
such	O
as	O
Nemerle	B-Application
,	O
Boo	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
via	O
IKVM.NET	B-Language
)	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
also	O
supports	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Vala	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
MonoDevelop	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
SharpDevelop	B-Language
to	O
Gtk#	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
since	O
evolved	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IDE	B-Application
includes	O
class	O
management	O
,	O
built-in	O
help	O
,	O
code	O
completion	O
,	O
Stetic	O
(	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
designer	O
)	O
,	O
project	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
integrated	O
debugger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MonoDoc	O
browser	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
API	B-Application
documentation	I-Application
and	O
code	O
samples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin.iOS	O
and	O
Xamarin.Android	O
,	O
both	O
developed	O
by	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
are	O
implementations	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
Android-based	O
smartphones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
available	O
only	O
for	O
commercial	O
licensing	O
,	O
after	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Xamarin	B-Application
in	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
itself	O
was	O
relicensed	O
under	O
MIT	B-License
license	I-License
and	O
both	O
Xamarin.iOS	O
and	O
Xamarin.Android	O
are	O
being	O
made	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin.iOS	O
(	O
previously	O
named	O
MonoTouch	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
library	O
that	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
.NET	B-Application
based	O
applications	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPod	O
and	O
iPad	B-Device
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
framework	I-Application
and	O
developed	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Novell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Mono	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
Xamarin.iOS	O
"	O
Apps	O
"	O
are	O
compiled	O
down	O
to	O
machine	O
code	O
targeted	O
specifically	O
at	O
the	O
Apple	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
necessary	O
because	O
the	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
prevents	O
just-in-time	O
compilers	O
from	O
executing	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xamarin.iOS	O
stack	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin	B-Application
Studio	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
IDE	B-Application
,	O
however	O
additional	O
links	O
to	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
simulator	O
have	O
been	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
April	O
to	O
early	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
MonoTouch	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
doubt	O
as	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
new	O
terms	O
for	O
iPhone	B-Device
developers	O
that	O
apparently	O
prohibits	O
them	O
from	O
developing	O
in	O
languages	O
other	O
than	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
Objective-C	B-Language
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
middle	O
layer	O
between	O
the	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
platform	O
and	O
iPhone	B-Device
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
made	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
MonoTouch	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Unity	B-Application
,	O
uncertain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin.Android	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
)	O
,	O
initially	O
developed	O
by	O
Novell	O
and	O
continued	O
by	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
implementation	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android-based	O
smart-phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
more	O
easily	O
write	O
cross-platform	O
applications	O
that	O
will	O
run	O
on	O
all	O
mobile	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
interview	O
with	O
H-Online	O
,	O
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
stated	O
,	O
"	O
Our	O
vision	O
is	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	O
to	O
reuse	O
their	O
engine	O
and	O
business	O
logic	O
code	O
across	O
all	O
mobile	O
platforms	O
and	O
swapping	O
out	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
platform-specific	O
API.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
spokesman	O
,	O
Tom	O
Hanrahan	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Open	O
Source	O
Technology	O
Centre	O
,	O
stated	O
,	O
in	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
by	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
against	O
Google	O
over	O
Android	B-Application
's	O
use	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
that	O
"	O
The	O
type	O
of	O
action	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
is	O
taking	O
against	O
Google	O
over	O
Java	B-Language
is	O
not	O
going	O
to	O
happen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
.NET	B-Application
port	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
was	O
through	O
Mono	B-Application
it	O
would	O
fall	O
under	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Community	O
Promise	O
Agreement.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Xamarin.Android	O
stack	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin	B-Application
Studio	O
and	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
2010	O
integration	O
to	O
design	O
the	O
UI	O
,	O
remotely	O
debug	O
,	O
and	O
deploy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cocoa#	B-Language
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
CocoaSharp	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
bridge	O
framework	B-Architecture
for	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
applications	O
developed	O
with	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
runtime	I-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
API	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
released	O
on	O
August	O
12	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
distribution	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
1.0.6	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
18	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monobjc	B-Library
was	O
CocoaSharp	O
's	O
replacement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
.NET	B-Application
developers	O
to	O
use	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
API	B-Application
,	O
including	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
no	O
native	O
code	O
,	O
while	O
still	O
achieving	O
a	O
native	O
UI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xamarin.Mac	O
is	O
a	O
library	O
that	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
run	O
.NET	B-Application
and	O
C#	B-Application
apps	O
on	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
is	O
dual	B-License
licensed	I-License
by	O
Xamarin	B-Application
,	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
Qt	B-Language
and	O
the	O
Mozilla	B-Language
Application	I-Language
Suite	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
's	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
and	O
tools	O
are	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPLv2	O
only	O
)	O
(	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
2.0	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
MIT	B-License
X11	I-License
License	I-License
)	O
,	O
the	O
runtime	O
libraries	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Lesser	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
LGPLv2	O
only	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
class	O
libraries	O
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
all	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
open-source	B-Application
licenses	O
and	O
hence	O
Mono	B-Application
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
license	O
of	O
the	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
was	O
changed	O
from	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
to	O
the	O
MIT	B-License
X11	I-License
license	I-License
to	O
allow	O
the	O
compiler	O
code	O
to	O
be	O
reused	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
instances	O
where	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
would	O
have	O
prevented	O
such	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mono	B-Application
's	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
C#	B-Language
4.0	I-Language
dynamic	O
binder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Xamarin	B-Application
was	O
officially	O
closed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
at	O
Microsoft	O
Build	O
that	O
they	O
'll	O
completely	O
re-license	O
Mono	B-Application
under	O
the	B-License
MIT	I-License
License	I-License
even	O
in	O
scenarios	O
where	O
previously	O
a	O
commercial	O
license	O
was	O
necessary	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
assert	O
any	O
"	O
applicable	O
patents	O
"	O
against	O
parties	O
that	O
are	O
"	O
using	O
,	O
selling	O
,	O
offering	O
for	O
sale	O
,	O
importing	O
,	O
or	O
distributing	O
Mono.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
Xamarin	B-Application
had	O
contributed	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
Project	I-Application
to	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
programs	O
covering	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
using	O
the	O
Mono	B-Application
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
and	O
C#	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
programs	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
Desktop	O
include	O
Banshee	B-Language
,	O
Beagle	B-Language
,	O
F-Spot	B-Language
,	O
Gbrainy	O
,	O
Docky/GNOME	O
Do	O
,	O
MonoTorrent	B-Language
,	O
Pinta	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Tomboy	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
,	O
Logos	O
5	O
Bible	O
Study	O
Software	O
(	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Version	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
MacOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
The	B-Application
Sims	I-Application
3	I-Application
and	O
Second	B-Application
Life	I-Application
(	O
for	O
their	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
)	O
,	O
OpenSimulator	B-Protocol
virtual	O
world	O
server	O
,	O
or	O
games	O
built	O
with	O
the	O
Unity	B-Application
or	O
MonoGame	B-Language
game	O
engines	O
,	O
also	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
Mono	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenRA	B-Application
bundles	O
its	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Disk	I-Operating_System
Image	I-Operating_System
and	O
Linux	B-Application
AppImages	B-Application
with	O
Mono	B-Application
essentially	O
removing	O
almost	O
all	O
dependencies	O
from	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
