<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
products	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Public	O
clouds	O
are	O
managed	O
by	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
providers	I-Architecture
,	O
which	O
include	O
the	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environment	O
’s	O
servers	O
,	O
storage	O
,	O
networking	O
and	O
data	O
center	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
may	O
also	O
opt	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
with	O
a	O
third-party	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
can	O
generally	O
select	O
from	O
three	O
basic	O
cloud	B-Architecture
provisioning	O
categories	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
User	O
self-provisioning	O
:	O
Customers	O
purchase	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
directly	O
from	O
the	O
provider	O
,	O
typically	O
through	O
a	O
web	O
form	O
or	O
console	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Managing	O
a	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
requires	O
software	O
tools	O
to	O
help	O
create	O
a	O
virtualized	O
pool	O
of	O
compute	O
resources	O
,	O
provide	O
a	O
self-service	O
portal	O
for	O
end	O
users	O
and	O
handle	O
security	O
,	O
resource	O
allocation	O
,	O
tracking	O
and	O
billing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Management	O
tools	O
for	O
private	O
clouds	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
service	O
driven	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
resource	O
driven	O
,	O
because	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
are	O
typically	O
highly	O
virtualized	O
and	O
organized	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
portable	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
hybrid	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
,	O
compute	O
,	O
network	O
and	O
storage	O
resources	O
must	O
be	O
managed	O
across	O
multiple	O
domains	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
good	O
management	O
strategy	O
should	O
start	O
by	O
defining	O
what	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
managed	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
combines	O
software	O
and	O
technologies	O
in	O
a	O
design	O
for	O
managing	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
developers	O
have	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
management	O
challenges	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
platforms	O
and	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
tools	O
include	O
native	O
tools	O
offered	O
by	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
providers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
third-party	O
tools	O
designed	O
to	O
provide	O
consistent	O
functionality	O
across	O
multiple	O
cloud	B-Architecture
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Administrators	O
must	O
balance	O
the	O
competing	O
requirements	O
of	O
efficient	O
consistency	O
across	O
different	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platforms	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
different	O
native	O
functionality	O
within	O
individual	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
growing	O
acceptance	O
of	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
and	O
increased	O
multicloud	B-General_Concept
usage	O
is	O
driving	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
consistent	O
cross-platform	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rapid	O
adoption	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
is	O
introducing	O
a	O
new	O
set	O
of	O
management	O
challenges	O
for	O
those	O
technical	O
professionals	O
responsible	O
for	O
managing	O
IT	O
systems	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud-management	O
platforms	O
and	O
tools	O
should	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
provide	O
minimum	O
functionality	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
categories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Service	O
request	O
:	O
collect	O
and	O
fulfill	O
requests	O
from	O
users	O
to	O
access	O
and	O
deploy	O
cloud	B-Architecture
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Organizations	O
may	O
group	O
these	O
criteria	O
into	O
key	O
use	O
cases	O
including	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Brokerage	O
,	O
DevOps	O
Automation	O
,	O
Governance	O
,	O
and	O
Day-2	O
Life	O
Cycle	O
Operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enterprises	O
with	O
large-scale	O
cloud	B-Architecture
implementations	O
may	O
require	O
more	O
robust	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
tools	O
which	O
include	O
specific	O
characteristics	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
manage	O
multiple	O
platforms	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
point	O
of	O
reference	O
,	O
or	O
intelligent	O
analytics	O
to	O
automate	O
processes	O
like	O
application	O
lifecycle	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High-end	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
tools	O
should	O
also	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
handle	O
system	O
failures	O
automatically	O
with	O
capabilities	O
such	O
as	O
self-monitoring	O
,	O
an	O
explicit	O
notification	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
include	O
failover	O
and	O
self-healing	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Legacy	O
management	O
infrastructures	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
dedicated	O
system	O
relationships	O
and	O
architecture	O
constructs	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
where	O
instances	O
are	O
continually	O
launched	O
and	O
decommissioned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
dynamic	O
nature	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
requires	O
monitoring	O
and	O
management	O
tools	O
that	O
are	O
adaptable	O
,	O
extensible	O
and	O
customizable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
presents	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
management	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
using	O
public	O
clouds	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
ownership	O
of	O
the	O
equipment	O
hosting	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environment	O
,	O
and	O
because	O
the	O
environment	O
is	O
not	O
contained	O
within	O
their	O
own	O
networks	O
,	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
customers	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
full	O
visibility	O
or	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
must	O
also	O
integrate	O
with	O
an	O
architecture	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
provider	O
,	O
using	O
its	O
specific	O
parameters	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
cloud	B-Architecture
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
includes	O
tying	O
into	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
APIs	O
for	O
configuring	O
IP	O
addresses	O
,	O
subnets	O
,	O
firewalls	O
and	O
data	O
service	O
functions	O
for	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
control	O
of	O
these	O
functions	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
provider	O
’s	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
users	I-Architecture
must	O
integrate	O
with	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
infrastructure	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capacity	O
management	O
is	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
both	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
because	O
end	O
users	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
deploy	O
applications	O
using	O
self-service	O
portals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
cloud	B-Architecture
providers	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
provision	O
resources	O
quickly	O
to	O
meet	O
a	O
growing	O
demand	O
by	O
their	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charge-back	O
—	O
or	O
,	O
pricing	O
resource	O
use	O
on	O
a	O
granular	O
basis	O
—	O
is	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
both	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charge-back	O
is	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
providers	I-Architecture
because	O
they	O
must	O
price	O
their	O
services	O
competitively	O
while	O
still	O
creating	O
profit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
may	O
find	O
charge-back	O
challenging	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
for	O
IT	O
groups	O
to	O
assess	O
actual	O
resource	O
costs	O
on	O
a	O
granular	O
basis	O
due	O
to	O
overlapping	O
resources	O
within	O
an	O
organization	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
paid	O
for	O
by	O
an	O
individual	O
business	O
unit	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
electrical	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
operators	O
,	O
charge-back	O
is	O
fairly	O
straightforward	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
challenge	O
lies	O
in	O
guessing	O
how	O
to	O
allocate	O
resources	O
as	O
closely	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
actual	O
resource	O
usage	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
greatest	O
operational	O
efficiency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
,	O
which	O
combine	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
,	O
sometimes	O
with	O
traditional	O
infrastructure	O
elements	O
,	O
present	O
their	O
own	O
set	O
of	O
management	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
security	O
concerns	O
if	O
sensitive	O
data	O
lands	O
on	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
servers	O
,	O
budget	O
concerns	O
around	O
overuse	O
of	O
storage	O
or	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
proliferation	O
of	O
mismanaged	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Managing	O
the	O
information	O
flow	O
in	O
a	O
hybrid	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environment	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
significant	O
challenge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-premises	O
clouds	O
must	O
share	O
information	O
with	O
applications	O
hosted	O
off-premises	O
by	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
providers	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
information	O
may	O
change	O
constantly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environments	O
also	O
typically	O
include	O
a	O
complex	O
mix	O
of	O
policies	O
,	O
permissions	O
and	O
limits	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
managed	O
consistently	O
across	O
both	O
public	O
and	O
private	O
clouds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMPs	O
provide	O
a	O
means	O
for	O
a	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
customer	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
deployment	O
and	O
operation	O
of	O
applications	O
and	O
associated	O
datasets	O
across	O
multiple	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
infrastructures	O
,	O
including	O
both	O
on-premises	O
cloud	B-Architecture
infrastructure	O
and	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
provider	I-Architecture
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
CMPs	O
provide	O
management	O
capabilities	O
for	O
hybrid	O
cloud	B-Architecture
and	O
multi-cloud	B-General_Concept
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
platform	O
(	O
CMP	O
)	O
provides	O
broad	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
functionality	O
atop	O
both	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
provider	O
platforms	O
and	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMPs	O
manage	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
and	O
resources	O
that	O
are	O
distributed	O
across	O
multiple	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
platform	O
"	O
(	O
CMP	O
)	O
has	O
evolved	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
precise	O
meaning	O
of	O
this	O
term	O
is	O
often	O
unclear	O
in	O
discussions	O
of	O
management	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Selecting	O
the	O
right	O
management	O
approach	O
for	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
is	O
therefore	O
a	O
complex	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
each	O
provider	O
and	O
vendor	O
focuses	O
on	O
solving	O
different	O
aspects	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
,	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
compare	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
must	O
include	O
a	O
cloud-agnostic	O
tool	O
to	O
support	O
portability/migration	O
to	O
and	O
across	O
hybrid	O
clouds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consolidated	O
control	O
plane	O
for	O
IT	O
operations	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
roles	O
of	O
a	O
CMP	O
is	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
existing	O
application	O
lifecycle	O
tools	O
,	O
hypervisors	O
,	O
and	O
cloud	B-Architecture
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
that	O
charter	O
,	O
CMPs	O
must	O
integrate	O
with	O
internal	O
and	O
external	O
systems	O
to	O
manage	O
multi-cloud	B-General_Concept
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-premises	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
-	O
Where	O
the	O
cloud	B-Architecture
environment	O
exists	O
within	O
the	O
customer	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Platforms	O
such	O
as	O
VMWare	O
and	O
OpenStack	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
integrated	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
from	O
Nutanix	O
,	O
HPE	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
should	O
be	O
integrated	O
to	O
manage	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSP	O
hosted	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
–	O
Sometimes	O
called	O
dedicated	O
or	O
managed	O
cloud	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Private	O
hosted	O
cloud	B-Architecture
resources	O
are	O
managed	O
via	O
APIs	O
made	O
available	O
by	O
the	O
private	O
cloud	B-Architecture
provider	O
,	O
in	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
resources	O
and	O
often	O
include	O
additional	O
staffing	O
to	O
fully	O
manage	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
–	O
The	O
CMP	O
must	O
integrate	O
with	O
required	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
such	O
as	O
Amazon	O
Web	O
Services	O
(	O
AWS	O
)	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
Azure	O
,	O
Google	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Platform	O
(	O
GCP	O
)	O
,	O
IBM	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
,	O
Oracle	O
,	O
etc	O
to	O
enable	O
management	O
of	O
resources	O
residing	O
in	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
APIs	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
,	O
or	O
by	O
an	O
agent	O
running	O
within	O
the	O
public	O
cloud	B-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
any	O
other	O
brokerage	O
firm	O
,	O
a	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
Services	I-Architecture
Brokerage	O
(	O
CSB	O
)	O
manages	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
for	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gartner	O
explains	O
that	O
CSBs	O
play	O
an	O
intermediary	O
role	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
computing	O
management	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
brokerages	O
consolidate	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
from	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
sources	O
and	O
allow	O
customers	O
to	O
access	O
these	O
services	O
through	O
one	O
portal	O
.	O
</s>
