<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
engineering	O
disciplines	O
to	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
brings	O
a	O
systematic	O
approach	O
to	O
concerns	O
of	O
commercialization	O
,	O
standardization	O
,	O
and	O
governance	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
it	O
leverages	O
the	O
methods	O
and	O
tools	O
of	O
engineering	O
in	O
conceiving	O
,	O
developing	O
,	O
operating	O
and	O
maintaining	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
systems	O
and	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
field	O
of	O
engineering	O
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
software	B-Architecture
as	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
"	O
,	O
"	O
platform	B-Application
as	I-Application
a	I-Application
service	I-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
infrastructure	B-General_Concept
as	I-General_Concept
a	I-General_Concept
service	I-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
multidisciplinary	O
method	O
encompassing	O
contributions	O
from	O
diverse	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
systems	O
engineering	O
,	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
web	O
engineering	O
,	O
performance	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
information	B-Application
technology	I-Application
engineering	I-Application
,	O
security	O
engineering	O
,	O
platform	O
engineering	O
,	O
service	O
engineering	O
,	O
risk	O
engineering	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nature	O
of	O
commodity-like	O
capabilities	O
delivered	O
by	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
and	O
the	O
inherent	O
challenges	O
in	O
this	O
business	O
model	O
drive	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
core	O
discipline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elements	O
of	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
professionals	O
who	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
are	O
primarily	O
cloud	O
architects	O
and	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
skills	O
possessed	O
by	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
professionals	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Implement	O
the	O
solutions	O
for	O
quality	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
services	I-Architecture
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
platforms	O
available	O
for	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
enabling	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
adaptive	O
environments	O
for	O
architectural	O
framework	O
design	O
,	O
access	O
point	O
sharing	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
retrieval	O
analytics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
notion	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
had	O
been	O
sparsely	O
used	O
in	O
discussions	O
,	O
presentations	O
and	O
talks	O
in	O
various	O
occasions	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
was	O
formally	O
coined	O
around	O
2007	O
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
was	O
officially	O
introduced	O
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensive	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
conducted	O
on	O
specific	O
areas	O
in	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
development	O
support	O
for	O
cloud	O
patterns	O
,	O
and	O
cloud	O
business	O
continuity	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
IEEE	O
International	O
Conference	O
on	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
(	O
IC2E	O
)	O
took	O
place	O
on	O
March	O
25	O
–	O
28	O
,	O
2013	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
conference	O
was	O
held	O
on	O
March	O
10	O
–	O
14	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
