<s>
The	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
(	O
CNCF	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
project	O
that	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2015	O
to	O
help	O
advance	O
container	B-Application
technology	I-Application
and	O
align	O
the	O
tech	O
industry	O
around	O
its	O
evolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
alongside	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
1.0	O
,	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
container	B-Application
cluster	O
manager	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
by	O
Google	B-Application
as	O
a	O
seed	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Founding	O
members	O
include	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
CoreOS	B-Application
,	O
Mesosphere	O
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
Huawei	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Cisco	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Docker	B-Language
,	O
Univa	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
VMware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
handing	O
over	O
operational	O
control	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
report	O
revealed	O
a	O
78%	O
increase	O
in	O
usage	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
in	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
containerd	O
is	O
an	O
industry-standard	O
core	O
container	B-Application
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
daemon	O
for	O
Linux	O
and	O
Windows	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
manage	O
the	O
complete	O
container	B-Application
lifecycle	O
of	O
its	O
host	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Docker	B-Language
donated	O
the	O
OCI	B-Application
Specification	O
to	O
The	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
reference	O
implementation	O
called	O
runc	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
general	O
availability	O
and	O
intention	O
to	O
donate	O
the	O
project	O
to	O
CNCF	O
was	O
announced	O
by	O
Docker	B-Language
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CoreDNS	O
is	O
a	O
DNS	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
that	O
chains	O
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
built	O
at	O
Lyft	B-Application
to	O
move	O
their	O
architecture	O
away	O
from	O
a	O
monolith	B-Architecture
,	O
Envoy	O
is	O
a	O
high-performance	O
open	O
source	O
edge	B-Device
and	O
service	O
proxy	O
that	O
makes	O
the	O
network	O
transparent	O
to	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lyft	B-Application
contributed	O
Envoy	O
to	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
in	O
September	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Helm	O
is	O
a	O
package	O
manager	O
that	O
helps	O
developers	O
"	O
easily	O
manage	O
and	O
deploy	O
applications	O
onto	O
the	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
cluster.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Created	O
by	O
Uber	B-Application
Engineering	O
,	O
Jaeger	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
distributed	O
tracing	O
system	O
inspired	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
Dapper	O
paper	O
and	O
OpenZipkin	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
Technical	O
Oversight	O
Committee	O
voted	O
to	O
accept	O
Jaeger	O
as	O
the	O
12th	O
hosted	O
project	O
in	O
September	O
2017	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
graduated	O
project	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
framework	O
for	O
automating	O
deployment	O
and	O
managing	O
applications	O
in	O
a	O
containerized	O
and	O
clustered	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
donated	O
to	O
The	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
to	O
form	O
the	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
with	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
seed	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
CNCF	O
annual	O
report	O
showed	O
significant	O
growth	O
in	O
interest	O
,	O
training	O
,	O
event	O
attendance	O
and	O
investment	O
related	O
to	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linkerd	O
is	O
CNCF	O
's	O
fifth	O
member	O
project	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
project	O
that	O
coined	O
the	O
term	O
“	O
service	B-General_Concept
mesh	I-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
member	O
project	O
,	O
Prometheus	B-Language
is	O
a	O
cloud	O
monitoring	O
tool	O
sponsored	O
by	O
SoundCloud	O
in	O
early	O
iterations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
tool	O
was	O
designated	O
a	O
graduated	O
project	O
by	O
the	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vitess	O
is	O
a	O
database	O
clustering	O
system	O
for	O
horizontal	O
scaling	O
of	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
first	O
created	O
for	O
internal	O
use	O
by	O
YouTube	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cilium	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
software	O
for	O
providing	O
,	O
securing	O
and	O
observing	O
network	O
connectivity	O
between	O
container	B-Application
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	O
kernel	O
technology	O
eBPF	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contour	O
is	O
a	O
management	O
server	O
for	O
Envoy	O
that	O
can	O
direct	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
 '	O
traffic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contour	O
also	O
provides	O
routing	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
more	O
advanced	O
than	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
 '	O
out-of-the-box	O
Ingress	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cortex	O
offers	O
horizontally	O
scalable	O
,	O
multi-tenant	O
,	O
long-term	O
storage	O
for	O
Prometheus	B-Language
and	O
works	O
alongside	O
Amazon	O
DynamoDB	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Bigtable	O
,	O
Cassandra	O
,	O
S3	O
,	O
GCS	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
Azure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CRI-O	O
is	O
an	O
Open	B-Application
Container	I-Application
Initiative	I-Application
(	O
OCI	B-Application
)	O
based	O
"	O
implementation	O
of	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Container	B-Application
Runtime	O
Interface	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CRI-O	O
allows	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
to	O
be	O
container	B-Application
runtime-agnostic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
de	O
facto	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
threat	O
detection	O
engine	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
gRPC	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
modern	O
open	O
source	O
high	O
performance	O
RPC	B-Operating_System
framework	O
that	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
any	O
environment.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
formed	O
in	O
2015	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
decided	O
to	O
open	O
source	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
RPC	B-Operating_System
infrastructure	O
(	O
"	O
Stubby	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Istio	O
is	O
a	O
service	B-General_Concept
mesh	I-General_Concept
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
KubeEdge	O
's	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
"	O
make	O
edge	B-Device
devices	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
cloud	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
API	O
management	O
platform	O
Kong	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
donate	O
its	O
open-source	O
service	B-General_Concept
mesh	I-General_Concept
control	O
plane	O
technology	O
,	O
called	O
Kuma	O
,	O
to	O
CNCF	O
as	O
a	O
sandbox	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
MayaData	O
donated	O
Litmus	O
,	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
chaos	B-Application
engineering	I-Application
tool	O
that	O
runs	O
natively	O
on	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
CNCF	O
as	O
a	O
sandbox-level	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notary	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
Docker	B-Language
in	O
2015	O
and	O
became	O
a	O
CNCF	O
project	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
AWS	O
announced	O
the	O
public	O
preview	O
of	O
its	O
distro	B-Application
for	O
OpenTelemetry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
easily	O
addable	O
to	O
Prometheus	B-Language
deployments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNCF	O
hosts	O
the	O
co-located	O
KubeCon	O
and	O
CloudNativeCon	O
conferences	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
keystone	O
events	O
for	O
technical	O
users	O
and	O
business	O
professionals	O
seeking	O
to	O
increase	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
and	O
cloud-native	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
path	O
toward	O
becoming	O
a	O
Kubernetes-certified	O
IT	O
professional	O
is	O
the	O
vendor-agnostic	O
Certified	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Administrator	O
(	O
CKA	O
)	O
accreditation	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
relevant	O
to	O
admins	O
who	O
work	O
across	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
cloud	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
Certified	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Administrators	O
(	O
CKA	O
)	O
and	O
Certified	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Application	O
Developers	O
(	O
CKAD	O
)	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNCF	O
's	O
Certified	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Conformance	O
Program	O
(	O
KCSP	O
)	O
enables	O
vendors	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
their	O
product	O
and	O
service	O
conformant	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
core	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
APIs	O
and	O
are	O
interoperable	O
with	O
other	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
76	O
firms	O
that	O
had	O
validated	O
their	O
offerings	O
with	O
the	O
Certified	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Conformance	O
Program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
CNCF	O
also	O
helped	O
the	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
launch	O
a	O
free	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
course	O
on	O
the	O
EdX	O
platform	O
—	O
which	O
has	O
more	O
than	O
88,000	O
enrollments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
self-paced	O
course	O
covers	O
the	O
system	O
architecture	O
,	O
the	O
problems	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
solves	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
model	O
it	O
uses	O
to	O
handle	O
containerized	O
deployments	O
and	O
scaling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
landscape	O
map	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
various	O
jokes	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
due	O
to	O
the	O
CNCF	O
ecosystem	O
's	O
expansiveness	O
and	O
visual	O
complexity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNCF	O
's	O
DevStats	O
tool	O
provides	O
analysis	O
of	O
GitHub	O
activity	O
for	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
other	O
CNCF	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
