<s>
The	O
clipped	B-Device
tag	I-Device
is	O
a	O
radio	B-Application
frequency	I-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
tag	O
designed	O
to	O
enhance	O
consumer	O
privacy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFID	B-Application
is	O
an	O
identification	O
technology	O
in	O
which	O
information	O
stored	O
in	O
semiconductor	O
chips	O
contained	O
in	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
is	O
communicated	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
radio	O
waves	O
to	O
RFID	B-Application
readers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
simple	O
passive	B-Application
RFID	I-Application
tags	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
batteries	O
or	O
transmitters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
tags	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
reader	O
for	O
power	O
their	O
range	O
is	O
limited	O
,	O
typically	O
up	O
to	O
for	O
UHF	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
uses	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
for	O
many	O
applications	O
including	O
electronic	O
toll	O
collection	O
,	O
E-ZPass	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
Speedpass	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
credit	O
token	O
for	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
gasoline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
retail	O
supply	O
chain	O
uses	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
pallets	O
and	O
cases	O
at	O
loading	O
dock	O
doors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
expectation	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
is	O
for	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
labelling	O
of	O
items	O
for	O
retail	O
sale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Concerns	O
for	O
individual	O
privacy	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
because	O
the	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
may	O
be	O
read	O
by	O
invisible	O
radio	O
waves	O
without	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
holder	O
of	O
the	O
tagged	O
item	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
privacy-protecting	O
RFID	B-Application
tag	I-Application
,	O
the	O
“	O
clipped	B-Device
tag	I-Device
”	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
by	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clipped	B-Device
tag	I-Device
puts	O
the	O
option	O
of	O
privacy	O
protection	O
in	O
the	O
hands	O
of	O
the	O
consumer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clipped	B-Device
tag	I-Device
was	O
listed	O
among	O
the	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
Technology	O
Innovation	O
Winners	O
for	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
mechanisms	O
designed	O
to	O
protect	O
privacy	O
for	O
RFID	B-Application
item	O
tagging	O
for	O
retail	O
use	O
are	O
the	O
EPCglobal	O
kill	O
command	O
and	O
the	O
RSA	O
blocker	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
clipped	B-Device
tag	I-Device
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
in	O
a	O
paper	O
authored	O
by	O
IBM	O
researchers	O
Paul	O
Moskowitz	O
and	O
Guenter	O
Karjoth	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
RFID	B-Application
Journal	O
,	O
November	O
7	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
teamed	O
up	O
with	O
Marnlen	O
RFiD	B-Application
,	O
a	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
RFID	B-Application
labels	O
,	O
and	O
Printronix	O
,	O
a	O
maker	O
of	O
RFID	B-Application
printers	O
,	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
prototypes	O
of	O
the	O
Clipped	B-Device
Tag	I-Device
,	O
Wired	O
News	O
,	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reactions	O
by	O
RFID	B-Application
privacy	O
experts	O
were	O
favorable	O
to	O
the	O
invention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Wired	O
,	O
Robert	O
Atkinson	O
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
Information	O
Technology	O
and	O
Innovation	O
Foundation	O
,	O
said	O
"	O
The	O
Clipped	B-Device
Tag	I-Device
shows	O
that	O
IBM	O
is	O
addressing	O
privacy	O
concerns	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
unreasonable.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
,	O
IBM	O
and	O
Marnlen	O
RFiD	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Marnlen	O
had	O
licensed	O
the	O
technology	O
from	O
IBM	O
and	O
was	O
shipping	O
samples	O
to	O
select	O
users	O
,	O
RFID	B-Application
Update	O
,	O
November	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
