<s>
The	O
Climate	B-Application
Stabilization	I-Application
Wedges	I-Application
are	O
an	O
approach	O
produced	O
by	O
Princeton	O
University	O
researchers	O
,	O
Stephen	O
Pacala	O
and	O
Robert	O
H	O
.	O
Socolow	O
,	O
looking	O
at	O
climate	B-Application
change	I-Application
mitigation	I-Application
scenarios	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pacala	O
and	O
Socolow	O
divided	O
this	O
hypothetical	O
triangle	O
into	O
seven	O
stabilization	B-Application
wedges	I-Application
,	O
which	O
represent	O
different	O
measures	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
reduce	O
emissions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
speaking	O
of	O
different	O
strategies	O
to	O
reduce	O
emissions	O
,	O
the	O
language	O
"	O
to	O
reduce	O
one	O
wedge	O
's	O
worth	O
,	O
"	O
is	O
often	O
employed	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
stabilization	B-Application
wedge	I-Application
of	O
fourteen	O
gigatons	O
of	O
into	O
seven	O
wedges	O
,	O
the	O
task	O
is	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
conceptualize	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
simplicity	O
of	O
the	O
wedge	B-Application
game	I-Application
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
popular	O
as	O
a	O
communication	O
tool	O
for	O
global	O
warming	O
mitigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
Hawkins	O
,	O
climate	O
director	O
at	O
the	O
Natural	O
Resources	O
Defense	O
Council	O
,	O
puts	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Wedge	B-Application
Game	I-Application
this	O
way	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Keystone	O
Center	O
has	O
deemed	O
the	O
Stabilization	B-Application
Wedge	I-Application
Game	I-Application
to	O
fulfill	O
the	O
following	O
National	O
Education	O
Standards	O
:	O
S1	O
,	O
S6	O
,	O
LA4	O
,	O
LA5	O
,	O
C4	O
,	O
C5	O
,	O
E1	O
,	O
G1	O
,	O
G5	O
,	O
and	O
WH9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Socolow	O
and	O
Hotinski	O
personally	O
presented	O
the	O
Stabilization	B-Application
Wedge	I-Application
concept	O
at	O
the	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Stabilization	B-Application
Wedge	I-Application
Game	I-Application
is	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
centerpiece	O
for	O
business	O
seminars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
critique	O
of	O
the	O
Wedge	B-Application
Game	I-Application
is	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
simple	O
,	O
especially	O
regarding	O
the	O
economic	O
aspect	O
of	O
global	O
warming	O
mitigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
James	O
L	O
.	O
Connaughton	O
,	O
former	O
chairman	O
of	O
the	O
White	O
House	O
Council	O
on	O
Environmental	O
Quality	O
in	O
the	O
Bush	O
Administration	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
critic	O
of	O
the	O
Wedge	B-Application
Game	I-Application
for	O
its	O
oversimplicity	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
has	O
even	O
said	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
numbers	O
used	O
by	O
Socolow	O
and	O
Pacala	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
550	O
ppm	O
as	O
a	O
maximum	O
allowable	O
target	O
for	O
,	O
lack	O
a	O
scientific	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
final	O
criticism	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
Wedge	B-Application
Game	I-Application
focuses	O
on	O
technological	O
fixes	O
rather	O
than	O
fundamentally	O
challenging	O
the	O
endless	O
growth	O
economy	O
that	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
global	O
climate	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
