<s>
Retrogaming	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
classic	O
gaming	O
and	O
old	O
school	O
gaming	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
playing	O
and	O
collection	O
of	O
obsolete	O
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
consoles	B-Device
,	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
typically	O
for	O
nostalgia	B-Application
,	O
preservation	O
,	O
or	O
authenticity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
game	O
could	O
be	O
retro	O
styled	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
RPG	O
with	O
turn-based	O
combat	O
and	O
pixel	O
art	O
in	O
isometric	B-Application
camera	I-Application
perspective	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retrogaming	O
has	O
existed	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
popularized	O
with	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
emulation	B-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
argued	O
that	O
the	O
main	O
reasons	O
players	O
are	O
drawn	O
to	O
retrogames	O
are	O
nostalgia	B-Application
for	O
different	O
eras	O
,	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
more	O
innovative	O
and	O
original	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
simplicity	O
of	O
the	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
specialized	O
primarily	O
in	O
Turbografx-16	B-General_Concept
,	O
Sega	O
Master	O
System	O
,	O
and	O
NES	B-Language
sales	O
and	O
repairs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
quickly	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
emulation	B-Application
website	O
retrogames.com	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
can	O
be	O
played	O
on	O
original	O
hardware	O
or	O
in	O
modern	O
emulation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
increasing	O
nostalgia	B-Application
and	O
success	O
of	O
retro	O
compilations	O
in	O
the	O
fifth	O
,	O
sixth	O
,	O
and	O
seventh	O
generations	O
of	O
consoles	B-Device
,	O
retrogaming	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
motif	O
in	O
modern	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
may	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
general	O
concept	O
of	O
retro	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
Cave	B-Application
Story	I-Application
,	O
or	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
imitate	O
a	O
specific	O
piece	O
of	O
hardware	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
color	O
palette	O
of	O
La	B-Application
Mulana	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
publishers	O
have	O
embraced	O
modern	O
retrogaming	O
with	O
releases	O
such	O
as	O
Mega	B-Application
Man	I-Application
9	I-Application
which	O
mimics	O
NES	B-Language
hardware	O
;	O
Retro	B-Application
Game	I-Application
Challenge	I-Application
,	O
a	O
compilation	O
of	O
new	O
games	O
on	O
faux-NES	O
hardware	O
;	O
and	O
Sega	O
's	O
Fantasy	B-Application
Zone	I-Application
II	I-Application
remake	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
uses	O
emulated	B-Application
System	O
16	O
hardware	O
running	O
on	O
PlayStation	B-Device
2	I-Device
to	O
create	O
a	O
16-bit	O
reimagining	O
of	O
the	O
8-bit	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
2020	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
,	O
prices	O
for	O
vintage	O
hardware	O
began	O
spiking	O
to	O
much	O
higher	O
levels	O
than	O
pre-pandemic	O
,	O
mostly	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
millennial	O
generation	O
pursuing	O
the	O
hobby	O
during	O
the	O
lockdown	O
due	O
to	O
boredom	O
and	O
nostalgia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retrogaming	O
may	O
involve	O
classic	O
game	O
systems	O
being	O
emulated	B-Application
on	O
modern	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
bypasses	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
collect	O
classic	O
consoles	B-Device
and	O
original	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
often	O
sold	O
as	O
re-releases	O
,	O
typically	O
in	O
compilations	O
containing	O
multiple	O
games	O
running	O
on	O
emulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
accessibility	O
of	O
emulation	B-Application
popularized	O
and	O
expanded	O
on	O
retrogaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ported	O
retrogaming	O
involves	O
original	O
games	O
being	O
converted	O
to	O
native	O
on	O
new	O
systems	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
emulation	B-Application
but	O
without	O
original	O
ROM	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ported	O
games	O
are	O
available	O
through	O
official	O
collections	O
,	O
console-based	O
downloads	O
,	O
and	O
plug	B-Device
and	I-Device
play	I-Device
systems	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ported	O
retrogaming	O
is	O
comparatively	O
rare	O
,	O
since	O
emulation	B-Application
is	O
a	O
much	O
easier	O
and	O
more	O
accurate	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
enhanced	O
remakes	B-General_Concept
include	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
:	I-Application
Championship	I-Application
Edition	I-Application
,	O
Space	B-Device
Invaders	I-Device
Extreme	I-Device
,	O
Super	O
Mega	O
Worm	O
,	O
and	O
3D	B-Application
Dot	I-Application
Game	I-Application
Heroes	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
are	O
based	O
directly	O
upon	O
the	O
enhanced	O
emulation	B-Application
of	O
original	O
games	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
Nintendo	B-Application
's	O
NES	B-Application
Remix	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
remakes	B-General_Concept
are	O
created	O
by	O
an	O
individual	O
or	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
enthusiasts	O
without	O
commercial	O
motivation	O
,	O
such	O
games	O
sometimes	O
are	O
also	O
called	O
fangames	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
fan-made	O
remakes	B-General_Concept
are	O
King	O
's	O
Quest	O
I	O
:	O
Quest	O
for	O
the	O
Crown	O
,	O
King	B-Application
's	I-Application
Quest	I-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
Romancing	I-Application
the	I-Application
Stones	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Freeciv	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
nostalgia-based	O
revival	O
of	O
past	O
game	O
styles	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
modern	O
chiptune	O
genre	O
of	O
game	O
music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
new	O
possibility	O
of	O
the	O
online	O
distribution	O
in	O
mid-2000	O
,	O
the	O
commercial	O
distribution	O
of	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
became	O
feasible	O
,	O
as	O
deployment	O
and	O
storage	O
costs	O
dropped	O
significantly	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
digital	O
distributor	O
specialized	O
in	O
bringing	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
out	O
of	O
abandonware	O
is	O
GOG.com	O
(	O
formerly	O
called	O
Good	O
Old	O
Games	O
)	O
who	O
started	O
2008	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
copyright	O
holders	O
of	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
to	O
re-release	O
them	O
legally	O
and	O
DRM-free	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
platforms	O
for	O
classic	O
video	O
game	O
re-releases	O
include	O
Nintendo	B-Application
's	O
Virtual	B-Application
Console	I-Application
and	O
Sony	O
's	O
PlayStation	B-Device
Network	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
publishers	O
are	O
creating	O
spinoffs	O
to	O
their	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
keeping	O
the	O
core	O
gameplay	O
while	O
adding	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
styles	O
of	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plug-and-play	B-Device
systems	I-Device
have	O
been	O
released	O
or	O
licensed	O
by	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Atari	O
,	O
Sega	O
,	O
and	O
Nintendo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
content	O
on	O
these	O
online	O
platforms	O
typically	O
includes	O
reviews	O
of	O
classic	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
interviews	O
with	O
developers	O
,	O
fan-made	O
content	O
,	O
game	O
walkthroughs	O
,	O
and	O
message	O
boards	O
for	O
discussions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
competitive	O
Fighting	O
game	O
community	O
comes	O
from	O
arcades	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
and	O
Mortal	B-Application
Kombat	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Face-to-face	O
competition	O
of	O
Super	B-Application
Street	I-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
Turbo	I-Application
has	O
been	O
featured	O
in	O
the	O
Evolution	O
Championship	O
Series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
RetroGames	O
arcade	O
museum	O
of	O
Karlsruhe	B-Algorithm
,	O
Germany	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
the	O
Computerspielemuseum	O
Berlin	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emulators	B-Application
are	O
typically	O
created	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
software	O
they	O
run	O
is	O
often	O
taken	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
games	O
and	O
put	O
online	O
for	O
free	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
it	O
is	O
completely	O
legal	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
emulator	B-Application
for	O
any	O
hardware	O
,	O
unauthorized	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
retro	O
game	O
is	O
an	O
infringement	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
copyright	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
companies	O
have	O
made	O
public	O
statements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Nintendo	B-Application
,	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
emulators	B-Application
created	O
to	O
play	O
illegally	O
copied	O
Nintendo	B-Application
software	O
represents	O
the	O
greatest	O
threat	O
to	O
date	O
in	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
of	O
video	O
game	O
developers	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
video	O
game	O
developers	O
and	O
publishers	O
typically	O
ignore	O
emulation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
is	O
that	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
games	O
illegally	O
distributed	O
for	O
emulation	B-Application
are	O
not	O
presently	O
being	O
sold	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
which	O
owns	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
financial	O
damages	O
in	O
a	O
successful	O
lawsuit	O
would	O
likely	O
be	O
negligible	O
.	O
</s>
